scholarly journals Calculating a deprivation index using census data

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Norman ◽  
Laurie Berrie ◽  
Daniel J Exeter
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
National Government ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Deprivation Measure

Background  Deprivation indexes have widespread use in academic research and in local and national government applications. It is useful for people to understand their construction and to be able to calculate their own measures. Aims  We provide an overview of the background to area based deprivation measures. We detail and explain a series of steps taken to calculate a deprivation index for small areas in Australia. Data and methods  We use data from Australia’s 2016 Census of Population and Housing for the SA2 level of geography. After defining the set of variables used as inputs, we emulate the steps taken to calculate other census based deprivation indexes. Results  The resulting scheme correlates closely with an official, but more sophisticated deprivation measure, suggesting that simple schemes have utility. Conclusions  There are choices to be made for input variables and for some of the detail of the calculations. Researchers can follow the steps we describe to develop their own measures.

Deprivation Index for Small Areas Based on Census Data in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Javier Durán ◽  
Miguel Ángel Condorí
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Small Areas

scholarly journals How Does Administrative Data Compare with Census Data for the Measurement of Internal Migration? The Case of Northern Ireland, 2001–2011

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Foley ◽  
Tony Champion ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Intercensal Period ◽  
Statistical Agencies

AbstractThe paper compares and contrasts internal migration measured by healthcard-based administrative data with census figures. This is useful because the collection of population data, its processing, and its dissemination by statistical agencies is becoming more reliant on administrative data. Statistical agencies already use healthcard data to make migration estimates and are increasingly confident about local population estimates from administrative sources. This analysis goes further than this work as it assesses how far healthcard data can produce reliable data products of the kind to which academics are accustomed. It does this by examining migration events versus transitions over a full intercensal period; population flows into and out of small areas; and the extent to which it produces microdata on migration equivalent to that in the census. It is shown that for most demographic groups and places healthcard data is an adequate substitute for census-based migration counts, the exceptions being for student households and younger people. However, census-like information is still needed to provide covariates for analysis and this will still be required whatever the future of the traditional census.

Small Areas in the Canadian Census

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hubert
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Census Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Census Division ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
Enumeration Area ◽  
Equivalent Area

The spatial framework for which the Census of Canada provides data has evolved, through successive censuses, to meet the need of users. Because of the changing nature of the electoral districts of the early censuses, a more permanent spatial framework, namely, the county, and an equivalent area called the census division, was introduced in the 1921 and 1931 censuses. After World War II, users of census data requested a smaller spatial framework. In. 1951 data were available at the municipality level and, in 1961, all census data taken on a 100 per cent basis were available at the enumeration area level. Currently, the ability to provide census data for user-specified areas is being developed through a geocoding system.

A socioeconomic deprivation index for small areas in Denmark

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Meijer ◽  
Gerda Engholm ◽  
Ulrike Grittner ◽  
Kim Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Small Areas

scholarly journals The Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sizer ◽  
Oliver Duke-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension

Background and Rationale The ONS Longitudinal Study (‘the LS’) covers England and Wales and includes individual data from the 1971 – 2011 decennial censuses and linked information on births, deaths and cancer registrations. It is representative of the population of England and Wales. Aim This presentation describes the LS and the linked administrative data, and showcases recent/ prominent examples of research. Methods and Approach The LS is built around samples drawn from decennial censuses, with its initial sample drawn from the 1971 Census. It also contains information about other people living in a sample-member’s household. Substantial emphasis is placed on security of access to the data and its responsible use. All research outputs are checked and are only released to users once disclosure control requirements are met. Linkage of study members from one census to another and vital events is carried out by ONS. Results The LS has been used for a variety of research. Using linked census and death records occupational differences in mortality rates have been researched. Individual records from all five censuses have been used to contribute to research social mobility, and research has also investigated the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution. Research has provided evidence of impact for social policy issues, e.g. health inequalities and the State Pension Age Review. Discussion The main strength of the LS is its large sample size (>1 million), making it the largest nationally representative longitudinal dataset in the UK. This allows analysis of small areas and specific population groups. Sampling bias is almost nil, and response rates are very high relative to other cohort and panel studies. Conclusion The ONS Longitudinal Study is a vital UK research asset, providing access to a large sample of census data linked across five censuses. It is strengthened through linkage to events data.

Estimating and projecting the populations of urban communities

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1671-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rees
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Small Areas

The author describes a model for estimating and projecting the populations of communities living in small areas within cities. The model provides a means of updating the demographic inputs needed for projection between censuses and means of developing scenarios of demographic change and housing development. The method for estimating small-area populations between censuses is evaluated with recently published 1991 Census data. Single-year age-group detail is provided and the associated databases are embedded in a flexible user interface. Illustrative projections are discussed and interpreted for the northern English city of Bradford.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Evaluation of Crowd Safety Based on Pedestrians’ Number and Distribution Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Xuguang Zhang ◽  
Qinan Yu ◽  
Yuxi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Output Variable ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Input Variables

Crowd video monitoring and analysis is a hot topic in computer vision and public management. The pre-evaluation of crowd safety is beneficial to the prediction of crowd status to avoid the occurrence of catastrophic events. This paper proposes a method to evaluate crowd safety based on fuzzy inference. Pedestrian’s number and distribution uniformity are considered in a fuzzy inference system as two kinds of attributes of a crowd. Firstly, the pedestrian’s number is estimated by the number of foreground pixels. Then, the distribution uniformity of a crowd is calculated using distribution entropy by dividing the monitoring scene into several small areas. Furthermore, through the fuzzy operation, the fuzzy system is constructed by using two input variables (pedestrian’s number and distribution entropy) and one output variable (crowd safety status). Finally, inference rules between the crowd safety state and the pedestrian’s number and distribution uniformity are constructed to obtain the pre-evaluation of the safety state of the crowd. Three video sequences extracted from different scenes are used in the experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to evaluate the safety status of the crowd in a monitoring scene.

scholarly journals Bayesian smoothed small-areas analysis of urban inequalities in fertility across 1999–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Biaani León-Gómez ◽  
Mercè Gotsens ◽  
Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo ◽  
Ma. Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón ◽  
Miguel Ángel Luque-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
General Decline

Abstract Background Since the 2008 economic crisis in Spain, overall fertility has continued to decrease, while urban inequalities have increased. There is a general lack of studies of fertility patterns in small-areas of Spanish cities. We explored the effects of the economic crisis on fertility during three time periods in urban settings in Spain. Methods We studied the distribution of fertility rates among women (15–49 years) from Spain and low-middle income countries (LIC) who were living in 13 Spanish cities. We mapped fertility and the MEDEA socioeconomic deprivation index in small-areas, and analyzed age-related trends in fertility rates. We performed an ecological regression analysis of fertility and the deprivation index in two pre-crisis periods (1999–2003 and 2004–2008) and one crisis period (2009–2013). Fertility rates were calculated and smoothed using the hierarchical Bayesian model (BYM). Results Higher fertility was generally associated with socioeconomic deprivation, with adjustment for the mothers’ age and nationality. While Spanish citizens tended to delay childbearing throughout the three study periods, fertility increased among Spanish adolescents from deprived urban areas during the economic crisis. There was a general decline in fertility among immigrants after the crisis, especially in southern cities. Overall, fertility appeared to be stable, with higher fertility in more deprived areas. Conclusion Increased unemployment and changes to government family policies may have contributed to delayed childbearing in Spain. For immigrants, more restrictive immigration policies may have played a crucial role in decreasing fertility rates. Reforming such policies will be key for better reproductive rights and improved fertility rates across all population cohorts in Spain.

scholarly journals Estimate of the weight of japanese quail eggs through fuzzy sets theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Oliveira Castro ◽  
Alessandro Vieira Veloso ◽  
Tadayuki Yanagi Junior ◽  
Edison José Fassani ◽  
Leonardo Schiassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Input Variables

Quail breeding is a viable alternative for animal production and due to its low investment, fast return of invested capital, use of small areas and creation of jobs has aroused much interest in Brazil. The aim of this study was to develop a model based on fuzzy set theory to predict the weight of eggs from Japanese quails. The proposed fuzzy model was based on data from field measurement experiments, as well as from literature referring to the influence of environment over the weight of eggs. To develop the fuzzy system, air dry-bulb temperature (t db, ° C) and relative air humidity (RH, %) were defined as input variables and trapezoidal and triangular membership functions were used, respectively. The absolute deviation between the values for observed egg weight and egg weight estimated by the fuzzy system, varied between 0.01 g and 0.32 g, and the average deviation was 0.14 g. The average error found was 2.33%, and the determination coefficient (R²) was equal to 0.668. The fuzzy system developed to estimate the weight of Japanese quail eggs, based on the t db and RH provided low values for absolute deviation and percentage error, allows a realistic estimate of the weight of eggs in different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Construction of an area deprivation index for 2869 counties in China: a census-based approach

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214198
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Wang ◽  
Kit Yee Chan ◽  
Adrienne N Poon ◽  
Kirsten Homma ◽  
Yan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Population Census ◽  
County Level ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Policy Tool

BackgroundA paucity of data has made it challenging to construct a deprivation index at the lowest administrative, or county, level in China. An index is required to guide health equity monitoring and resource allocation to regions of greatest need. This study used China’s 2010 census data to construct a county-level area deprivation index (CADI).MethodsData for 2869 counties from China’s 2010 census were used to generate a CADI. Eleven indicators across four domains of deprivation were selected for principal component analysis with standardisation of the first principal component. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the population size and weighting method affected the index’s robustness. Deprived counties identified by the CADI were then compared with China’s official list of poverty-stricken counties.ResultsThe first principal component explained 60.38% of the total variation in the deprivation indicators. The CADI ranged from the least deprived value of −2.71 to the most deprived value of 2.92, with SD of 1. The CADI was found to be robust against county-level population size and different weighting methods. When compared with the official list of poverty-stricken counties in China, the deprived counties identified by the CADI were found to be even more deprived.ConclusionConstructing a robust area deprivation index for China at the county level based on population census data is feasible. The CADI is a potential policy tool to identify China’s most deprived areas. In the future, it may support health equity monitoring and comparison at the national and subnational levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document