scholarly journals Serodiagnostic Investigation of Syphilis in Taluka Gambat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Sagheer Hussain Shah ◽  
Agha Asad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Background: Syphilis is a chronic and sexually transmitted infection, caused by Treponema pallidum. Taluka Gambat is an under developing rural area of District Khairpur, Sindh having higher poverty rate. This study was undertaken to assess the morbidity rate of syphilis and awareness about this disease in the population of Gambat. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of syphilis in various age groups of male and female population of Taluka Gambat to review the frequency of occurrence of syphilis. Methodology: This work was done using conventional serological method by collecting data and laboratory diagnosis. Total 437 serum samples from different private and public health units, dispensaries and hospitals in Taluka Gambat were collected between October 2016 to March 2017 and subjected to qualitative testing by VDRL-Immune Chromatography test. Results: Out of 437 samples, 80 samples (18%) were reactive in adults of 30-45 years of age and one sample showed positive case in 9 months old boy indicating congenital syphilis (0.2%) whereas 373 stood non-reactive.  Our results showed a 14% prevalence of syphilis in Taluka Gambat in the age group between 30-45 years of age and 0.2% congenital syphilis. It is an alarming situation due to lack of diagnostic, treatment facilities and awareness about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Conclusion: It is concluded that syphilis is found more or less in all age groups. The highest incidence is observed in population of age group between 30-40 years in Taluka Gambat. Majority infections were found in immunocompromised patients owing to drug abuse and having multiple sex partners.

scholarly journals Prepuce: Phimosis, Paraphimosis, and Circumcision

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Hayashi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kojima ◽  
Kentaro Mizuno ◽  
Kenjiro Kohri
Keyword(s):  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Male Patients

Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans penis. Actually, physiologic phimosis is common in male patients up to 3 years of age, but often extends into older age groups. Balanoposthitisis a common inflammation occurring in 4–11% of uncircumcised boys. Circumcision is generally undertaken for three reasons: first, as an item of religious practice, typically neonatally although occasionally transpubertally, as a rite of passage; second, as a prophylactic measure against future ailments for the reduction in the risk of penile cancer, urinary tract infection, and sexually transmitted infection; and third, for immediate medical indication. Balanitisxeroticaobliterans is an infiltrative skin condition that causes a pathological phimosis and has been considered to be the only absolute indication for circumcision. Various kinds of effective alternatives to circumcision have been described, including manual retraction therapy, topical steroid therapy, and several variations of preputioplasty. All of these treatments have the ability to retract the foreskin as their goal and do not involve the removal of the entire foreskin. Paraphimosis is a condition in which the foreskin is left retracted. When manipulation is not effective, a dorsal slit should be done, which is usually followed by circumcision.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Treponema pallidum sp. pallidum in blood samples of VDRL-seroreactive women with lethal pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective observational study in northern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charliana Aragão Damasceno Casal ◽  
Mayra Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Igor Brasil Costa ◽  
Eliete da Cunha Araújo ◽  
Tereza Cristina de Oliveira Corvelo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Maternal Syphilis

INTRODUCTION: Although control measures of maternal and congenital syphilis are available in Brazil, difficulties exist within the healthcare network in providing a laboratory diagnosis of the infection during the prenatal period. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of Treponema pallidum by PCR in women with positive VDRL serology and lethal pregnancy outcomes, i.e., abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on VDRLseroreactive women with lethal pregnancy outcomes admitted to the Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCM-PA) between January and July 2004. Serum samples and DNA from whole blood were obtained at the time of screening by the VDRL test. These samples were analyzed by IgG ELISA, IgM FTA-Abs and simple PCR (polA). RESULTS: During the study period, 0.7% (36/4,912) of women with lethal pregnancy outcomes presented a positive VDRL test. The polAgene was amplified in 72.7% (24/33) of these women, with 55.6% (20/36) and 94.4% (34/36) presenting IgM and IgG antibodies against T. pallidum, respectively. Comparison of these results showed a significant difference, with agreement between the PCR and IgM FTA-Abs results, suggesting that maternal syphilis was an active infection. No basic cause of death of the conceptus was reported in 97.2% (35/36) of cases. Among women who were submitted to the VDRL test during the prenatal period, only four of the nine seroreactive patients underwent treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of syphilis in the group studied indicates the fragility of the service of infection diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, compromising epidemiological control.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat: Iraq/ Sulaimania

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Lazem H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82 (57 %) , and 21 (54.6 %) and 25 (54.35 %) in goats ,by ELISA and LAT respectively. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest in age group 7-9 (66.6%) in sheep in compares’ with other age groups. There was no significant differences between both spp.and tow test. Conclusion: Statistical results show no significant differences between both tests (ELISA &LAT) at (P ≥ 0.05).The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was increased proportionally with the age of animals, while gender has no effect on the prevalent rate .

scholarly journals The Laboratory Diagnosis ofHaemophilus ducreyi

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Alfa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Genetic Amplification

Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection caused byHaemophilus ducreyi. This fastidious, Gram-negative coccobacilli dies rapidly outside the human host, making diagnostic testing using culture methods difficult. This genital ulcer infection is not common in Canada and, therefore, can often be misdiagnosed. The objective of the present paper is to provide practical approaches for the diagnosis of chancroid in Canadian patients where the prevalence of this infection is low. Issues related to sample collection, sample transport and available diagnostic tests are reviewed, and several alternative approaches are outlined. Although antigen detection, serology and genetic amplification methods have all been reported forH ducreyi, none are commercially available. Culture is still the primary method available to most laboratories. However, the special media necessary for direct bedside inoculation is often not available; therefore, communication with the diagnostic laboratory and rapid specimen transport are essential when chancroid is suspected

scholarly journals The green autofluorescence intensity and asymmetry of older men is significantly higher than those of older women in their fingernails and certain regions of skin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Tao ◽  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Danhong Wu ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Health State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Left And Right

AbstractOur recent studies have suggested that the patients of multiple diseases have characteristic Pattern of Autofluorescence (AF) in their skin and fingernails, which may become novel biomarkers for both disease diagnosis and evaluation of health state. Since male populations may have higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than female population, in our current study we tested our hypothesis that the green AF intensity of older men is higher than that of older women in their fingernails and skin. We found that in both left and right Index Fingernails, the green AF intensity of the men of both the age group of 61 - 70 years of old and the age group of 71 - 80 years of old is significantly higher than that of the women of the same age groups. At both left Dorsal Centremetacarpus and left Centremetacarpus, the green AF intensity of the men at the age between 71 - 80 years of old is also significantly higher than that of the women of the same age group. Moreover, in Index Fingernails, Dorsal Centremetacarpus and Centremetacarpus, the green AF asymmetry of the older men of certain age groups is significantly higher than that of the women of the same age groups. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence indicating the gender difference between the green AF intensity and asymmetry of older men and those of older women in their fingernails and certain regions of skin, which is valuable for establishing the AF-based diagnostic method.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis in Mexico during 2010–2019: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa García-Cisneros ◽  
Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽  
Maria Olamendi-Portugal ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy, causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of this study was to examine trend in syphilis, congenital syphilis, and neonatal deaths among the Mexican population during 2010–2019. Methods An ecological study was carried out to collect information about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, and the incidence of neonatal death from congenital syphilis. The variables were described considering age, sex, Mexican state, and year. Trends across time (calendar year) were analyzed using linear regression, increases were estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of syphilis increased by an average of 0.336 cases/100,000 per year and was higher among women aged 15–19 years (0.693 cases). Cases of congenital syphilis increased from 62 cases in 2010 to 372 cases in 2019; furthermore, the increase in syphilis cases among women aged 20 to 24 years was associated with an increase in cases of congenital syphilis. In 2010, 50% of Mexican states did not report cases of congenital syphilis, but in 2018, only 10% did not report cases of congenital syphilis. Between 2010 and 2018, 83 neonatal deaths were reported, with the highest incidence in 2018 (0.88 deaths/100,000 newborns). Conclusion The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico. As a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to address and treat syphilis in various population groups.

scholarly journals Plasma Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) As Diagnostic Marker in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5312-5312
Author(s):  
Eline Zijtregtop ◽  
Waichu Wong ◽  
Friederike Meyer- Wentrup ◽  
Martha Lopez-Yurda ◽  
Raoull Hoogendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Samples

Abstract Background Pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a clonal disorder in an inflammatory background, also known as the microenvironment. This microenvironment is of major importance for growth and survival of the malignant Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells. HRS cells and the microenvironment communicate through chemo- and cytokines. Blood biomarkers result from this active crosstalk, and may be a surrogate for lymphoma viability (Steidl et al, JCC 2011). Blood biomarkers are important because they hold the promise to be easily available and cost-effective. One promising biomarker in adult patients with cHL is the "Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine, TARC (Plattell et al, Haematologica 2012). Elevated TARC levels are also described in patients with atopic dermatitis (Hijnen et al, J All Clin Immunol 2004). In adult cHL patients about 85% of patients have significantly elevated levels of TARC in pre-treatment serum or plasma compared to healthy controls (Plattell et al). So far nothing is known about TARC in pediatric cHL patients. To define its value as a diagnostic marker in pediatric cHL patients, we compared TARC levels of pediatric cHL patients with control patients. This study was IRB-approved and registered under Dutch Trial registry number 6876. Methods After providing informed consent, plasma and serum samples were collected of newly diagnosed cHL patients before start of treatment. To define normal values of TARC in children, samples were collected from non-cHL randomly selected patients from the hematology, endocrinology and oncology outpatient clinic. Baseline characteristics including history of atopic dermatitis were collected. These control patients were divided in three age groups (0-9,10-14 and 15-18 years). TARC levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R&D systems, Human CCL17/TARC Quantikine ELISA Kit). TARC levels of the cHL patients were compared to the control group to obtain ROC curves and calculate the AUC, cross-validated sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of TARC as a diagnostic marker. We hypothesized that pediatric cHL patients had elevated pretreatment TARC levels in both serum and plasma. Analyses were done using SAS V9.4. Results Fourteen cHL patients were included with a median age of 14 (range 11-17) years. Ten (71.4%) were female. Eighty patients were included in the control group with a median age of 12 (range 10 months-18) years. Twenty-nine patients (36.3%) were included in age group 0-9, 25 (31.2%) in age group 10-14 and 26 (32.5%) in age group 15-18. Thirty-nine (48.8%) were female. Patients of the control group had a median TARC value of 71 (range 18-762) pg/ml for plasma and 318 (range 27-1300) pg/ml for serum. TARC plasma and serum levels decreased with age (Spearman correlation -0.26, 2-tailed p=0.0204), but there were no statistically significant pairwise comparisons found between the pre-specified age groups. In the eight control patients (10%) with atopic dermatitis no significantly higher plasma and serum levels were found (plasma median with eczema 97 versus 70 pg/ml without eczema (p=0.71) and serum median with eczema 643 versus 317 pg/ml (p=0.71)). Plasma was collected in 14 cHL patients, and all had elevated TARC levels, with a median plasma level of 18449 (range 1635-55821) pg/mL. Serum samples were collected in 8/14 cHL patients and all had elevated serum TARC levels. Median serum level: 46703 (range 12817-149739) pg/ml. The plasma TARC levels of cHL patients were significantly higher than those of the control group patients (p<0.001). With a cut-off of level of of 898.70 pg/ml, we obtained 100% (95% CI 73% - 100%) sensitivity and 100% (95% 94% - 100%) specificity. Serum TARC levels also were significantly higher than those of the control group patients (p<0.001), with a cut-off level of 10283.57 pg/ml, sensitivity and specificity will be 100% (95% CI 60% - 100% for sensitivity and 95% CI 94% - 100% for specificity). Conclusion All classical cHL patients had significantly higher TARC levels compared to the 80 control patients. Despite the small sample size of cHL patients, TARC was found to be a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for pediatric cHL in both plasma and serum. Further research with a bigger sample of cHL patients is necessary to improve the accuracy of the sensitivity, as well as to investigate whether TARC is also a valuable marker for disease response during treatment in pediatric patients with cHL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Availability of laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea and its meaning in case reporting in Shandong province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlong Chen ◽  
Yanling Gan ◽  
dianchang liu
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to understand the availability of laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea in Shandong province and its meaning in case reporting. Methods Two surveys were conducted among hospitals providing clinical services for sexually transmitted infection(STI) in Shandong Province in 2012 and 2018. The availability of laboratory tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and distribution of reported gonorrhea cases were compared among different hospitals provided clinical services for STI in Shandong province. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis. Results Smear, culture and PCR tests for NG were used among 301(74.69%), 123(30.52%), 43(10.67%) hospitals in 2012 and 356(74.48%), 176(36.82%) and 73(15.27%) hospitals in 2018, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the availability of smear among hospitals at different levels (X2 = 12.159, p = 0.000) and with different affiliations(X2 = 4.551, p = 0.033) in 2018. Significant differences were observed in the availability of culture and PCR tests among hospitals at different levels both in 2012 (X2 = 34.532, p = 0.000; X2 = 7.380, p = 0.007) and 2018 (X2 = 49.820, p = 0.000; X2 = 21.658, p = 0.000). The availability of culture and PCR tests for NG among hospitals in 2018 was higher than that in 2012 (X2 = 3.870, p = 0.049; X2 = 4.050, p = 0.044). More hospitals reported gonorrhea cases in 2018 than in 2012 (X2 = 6.768, p = 0.009). A significant difference was observed in distribution of case reporting among hospitals at different levels in 2018 (X2 = 6.975, p = 0.008) and among different types of hospitals both in 2012 (X2 = 52.362, p = 0.000) and 2018 (X2 = 74.478, p = 0.000). Conclusion Poor availability of NG laboratory tests affects case reporting and is a crucial reason leading to high sex ratio and underreporting of gonorrhea cases in Shandong province. Trial registration Not applicable

scholarly journals Age and Gender Specific Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Hungary: Trends from 2011 Through 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Tamási ◽  
Krisztián Horváth ◽  
Zoltán Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Bogos ◽  
Gyula Ostoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Objective: No assessment was conducted describing the age and gender specific epidemiology of lung cancer (LC) prior to 2018 in Hungary, thus the objective of this study was to appraise the detailed epidemiology of lung cancer (ICD-10 C34) in Hungary based on a retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Fund database.Methods: This longitudinal study included patients aged ≥20 years with LC diagnosis (ICD-10 C34) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. Patients with different cancer-related codes 6 months before or 12 months after LC diagnosis or having any cancer treatment other than lung cancer protocols were excluded.Results: Lung cancer incidence and mortality increased with age, peaking in the 70–79 age group (375.0/100,000 person-years) among males, while at 60–69 age group for females (148.1/100,000 person-years). The male-to-female incidence rate ratio reached 2.46–3.01 (p &lt; 0.0001) among the 70–79 age group. We found 2–11% decrease in male incidence rate at most age groups, while a significant 1–3% increase was observed in older females (&gt;60) annually during the study period.Conclusion: This nationwide epidemiology study demonstrated that LC incidence and mortality in Hungary decreased in younger male and female population, however we found significant increase of incidence in older female population, similar to international trends. Incidence rates peaked in younger age-groups compared to Western countries, most likely due to higher smoking prevalence in these cohorts, while lower age LC incidence could be attributed to higher competing cardiovascular risk resulting in earlier mortality in smoking population.

scholarly journals Gonococcal Prosthetic Joint Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gassiep ◽  
Bradley Gilpin ◽  
Joel Douglas ◽  
David Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoea ◽  
Prosthetic Joint

Abstract. Neisseria gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Disseminated gonococcal infection is an infrequent presentation and rarely can be associated with septic arthritis. Incidence of this infection is rising, both internationally and in older age groups. We present the first documented case of N. gonorrhoea prosthetic joint infection which was successfully treated with laparoscopic debridement and antimicrobial therapy.

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