scholarly journals Effects of Blast-induced Neurotrauma on Pressurized Rodent Middle Cerebral Arteries

10.3791/58792 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uylissa A. Rodriguez ◽  
Yaping Zeng ◽  
Margaret A. Parsley ◽  
Bridget E. Hawkins ◽  
Donald S. Prough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Blast Induced Neurotrauma

DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSING MOYA-MOYA DISEASE (CLINICAL CASE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Novikova I.N. ◽  
Popova T.F. ◽  
Gribacheva I.A. ◽  
Petrova E.V. ◽  
Marushchak A.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Moya Moya Disease ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries ◽  
Made In

Moya-Moya disease is a rare progressive chronic cer-ebrovascular disease characterized by a narrowing of the lumen of the intracranial segments of the internal carotid arteries, as well as the initial segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries with the devel-opment of a network of small vascular anastomoses. Violations of blood supply due to occlusion lead to the development of ischemic strokes in the correspond-ing pools, and ruptures of vascular anastomoses - to the development of hemorrhagic strokes, causing a variety of neurological disorders. The article presents a clinical case of Moya-Moya disease in a 31-year-old patient. The disease was manifested by acute disorders of cerebral circulation in ischemic and hemorrhagic types. The diagnosis was made in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the disease based on the data of endovascular cerebral angiography.

Modulation of cerebral arterial tone by endothelium-derived relaxing factor

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1245-H1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brian ◽  
R. H. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Arterial Tone

This study was designed to further elucidate the role of the endothelium in regulation of cerebral vascular smooth muscle tone. Dose-dependent vasoconstrictive effects of serotonin (5-HT) were examined in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded ring segments prepared from canine basilar and middle cerebral arteries. Some preparations were pretreated with 10(-5) M N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an agent that inhibits the production of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide, one of the compounds proposed to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor. L-NNA alone elicited marked dose-dependent increases in tension in endothelium-intact preparations; a significantly smaller response was seen in endothelium-denuded preparations. The effects of L-NNA on endothelium-intact preparations were partially reversed by washing and treatment with L-arginine. The maximum tension induced by 5-HT was approximately doubled by removal of the endothelium as well as by L-NNA treatment of endothelium-intact preparations; a slight increase in maximum tension occurred in endothelium-denuded preparations treated with L-NNA. The concentration of 5-HT producing half-maximal contraction (ED50) was not affected by L-NNA. These data suggest that L-arginine-derived nitric oxide modulates canine cerebral arterial tone in both the resting state and during contraction with 5-HT.

scholarly journals Cerebral Hemodynamics and Intracranial Compliance Impairment in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Sérgio Brasil ◽  
Fabio Silvio Taccone ◽  
Sâmia Yasin Wahys ◽  
Bruno Martins Tomazini ◽  
Filippo Annoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Intracranial Compliance ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Primary Composite Outcome ◽  
Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics

Introduction: One of the possible mechanisms by which the new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) could induce brain damage is the impairment of cerebrovascular hemodynamics (CVH) and intracranial compliance (ICC) due to the elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). The main objective of this study was to assess the presence of CVH and ICC alterations in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate their association with short-term clinical outcomes. Methods: Fifty consecutive critically ill COVID-19 patients were studied with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and non-invasive monitoring of ICC. Subjects were included upon ICU admission; CVH was evaluated using mean flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries (mCBFV), pulsatility index (PI), and estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (eCPP), while ICC was assessed by using the P2/P1 ratio of the non-invasive ICP curve. A CVH/ICC score was computed using all these variables. The primary composite outcome was unsuccessful in weaning from respiratory support or death on day 7 (defined as UO). Results: At the first assessment (n = 50), only the P2/P1 ratio (median 1.20 [IQRs 1.00–1.28] vs. 1.00 [0.88–1.16]; p = 0.03) and eICP (14 [11–25] vs. 11 [7–15] mmHg; p = 0.01) were significantly higher among patients with an unfavorable outcome (UO) than others. Patients with UO had a significantly higher CVH/ICC score (9 [8–12] vs. 6 [5–7]; p < 0.001) than those with a favorable outcome; the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for CVH/ICC score to predict UO was 0.86 (95% CIs 0.75–0.97); a score > 8.5 had 63 (46–77)% sensitivity and 87 (62–97)% specificity to predict UO. For those patients undergoing a second assessment (n = 29), after a median of 11 (5–31) days, all measured variables were similar between the two time-points. No differences in the measured variables between ICU non-survivors (n = 30) and survivors were observed. Conclusions: ICC impairment and CVH disturbances are often present in COVID-19 severe illness and could accurately predict an early poor outcome.

scholarly journals Contractile and Endothelium-Dependent Dilatory Responses of Cerebral Arteries at Various Extracellular Magnesium Concentrations

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Faragó ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
Eörs Dóra ◽  
Ildikó Horváth ◽  
Arisztid G. B. Kovách
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Endothelial Receptor

To clarify the effect of extracellular magnesium (Mg2+) on the vascular reactivity of feline isolated middle cerebral arteries, the effects of slight alterations in the Mg2+ concentration on the contractile and endothelium-dependent dilatory responses were investigated in vitro. The contractions, induced by 10−8-10−5 M norepinephrine, were significantly potentiated at low Mg2+ (0.8 m M v. the normal, 1.2 m M). High (1.6 and 2.0 m M) Mg2+ exhibited an inhibitory effect on the contractile responses. No significant changes, however, in the EC50 values for norepinephrine were found. The endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by 108–10−5 M acetylcholine were inhibited by high (1.6 and 2.0 m M) Mg2+. Lowering of the Mg2+ concentration to 0.8 m M or total withdrawal of this ion from the medium failed to alter the dilatory potency of acetylcholine. The changes in the dilatory responses also shifted the EC50 values for acetylcholine to the right. The present results show that the contractile responses of the cerebral arteries are extremely susceptible to the changes of Mg2+ concentrations. In response to contractile and endothelium-dependent dilatory agonists, Mg2+ probably affects both the calcium influx into the endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as the binding of acetylcholine to its endothelial receptor. Since Mg2+ deficiency might facilitate the contractile but not the endothelium-dependent relaxant responses, the present study supports a role for Mg2+ deficiency in the development of the cerebral vasospasm.

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Treated with Detachable Balloon during Bilateral Transcranial Doppler Monitoring of Middle Cerebral Arteries

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nakstad ◽  
J. K. Hald ◽  
W. Sorteberg
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Detachable Balloon ◽  
Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Doppler Technique ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

A traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula was closed with a silicone detachable balloon. Prior to the closure of the fistula, clinical and transcranial Doppler testing was performed in order to evaluate the consequences of a possible occlusion of the carotid artery. A newly developed Doppler technique with bilateral simultaneous velocity recordings of the middle cerebral arteries was useful during the procedure. The detachable balloon was effective in closing the fistula, but collapse of the balloon and the development of an extradural aneurysm was found at control examinations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Inward Rectifier Potassium Current Impairment and Brain Injury after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Bastide ◽  
Régis Bordet ◽  
Qian Pu ◽  
Emmanuel Robin ◽  
François Puisieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Inward Rectifier ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
External Potassium ◽  
The Relationship

Functional alterations of barium-sensitive potassium inward rectifier (Kir) current, which is involved in the vasodilation of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in rat brain, have been described during brain ischemiaireperfusion (I/R). The authors investigate the effects of I/R on Kir current recorded in isolated myocytes from MCA of control rats and from contralateral and ipsilateral MCA of ischemic rats by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and the relationship between its alteration and The severity of brain injury. The vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited similar morphologic features in all conditions, and the Kir was present in the three groups of myocytes, exhibiting a characteristic inward rectification and a normal external potassium dependence. The Kir density was significantly reduced in cell of MCA ipsilateral to occlusion with a maximum at −135 mV, whereas there was no difference between control and contralateral cells. This alteration in Kir density in occluded MCA was significantly correlated with severity of brain injury and brain edema. These results suggest that the alteration of Kir density in MCA myocytes after I/R and the consecutive impaired dilation of MCA may contribute to aggravation of the brain injury.

Embolism from intracranial aneurysms

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshisuke Sakaki ◽  
Kazuhiko Kinugawa ◽  
Tatsuo Tanigake ◽  
Seiji Miyamoto ◽  
Kikuo Kyoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries ◽  
Distal Artery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Embolism from an aneurysm is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic symptoms associated with intracranial aneurysms. Four cases are reported in which aneurysms of the internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteries were the source of emboli resulting in cerebral infarction. In the treatment of these aneurysms, it is best to clip the neck of the aneurysm with great care to avoid embolism due to extrusion of clot into the distal artery.

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