An comparative analysis of airborne and terrestrial fungi in show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Anna Popkova ◽  
Ekaterina Kozlova ◽  
Samaneh Khazaei ◽  
Sergei Kochetkov ◽  
Anton Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi

Caves are considered as ecosystems isolated from the surface in varying degrees. Hypogean habitats are mostly A study of cultivated species of microfungi in two show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran) was carried out. The species composition of fungi has been analyzed in the air and cave sediments along the excursion route. Species identification was performed using standard approaches and cultivation methods. Jaccard index was applied to estimate similarity of communities of different biotopes. The species diversity of microfungi was higher in the Novoafonskaya cave where 50 species of microfungi were identified. Only 38 species were isolated from the Ali-Sadr cave. Representatives of Ascomycota predominated in fungal communities. The greatest species diversity was noted in the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Species Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Oidiodendron tenuissimum and Penicillium chrysogenum were identified in all biotopes of both caves. Comparison of two biotopes of the caves using the Jaccard index revealed a high similarity in the species composition in the soil and air of the Novoafonskaya cave (KJ = 0.64). On the contrary, the species composition of fungi was different in Ali-Sadr cave (KJ = 0.22), which may be explained by intensive propagules input from the surface due to the cave morphology features and the arrangement of excursion route.

scholarly journals Fungal Diversity And Seasonal Succession Under Invasive Moss Campylopus Introflexus And Other Plants In Disturbed Peatlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Repečkienė ◽  
Ilona Jukonienė ◽  
Olga Salina
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Campylopus Introflexus ◽  
Bare Peat

AbstractThe distribution of invasive moss Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. may have negative influence on natural restoration of plant cover in peatlands due to the accumulation of heavy decomposing residues and suppression of the growth of microorganisms in peat. Species composition of fungal communities and seasonal succession under mosses C. introflexus and Polytrichum strictum, vascular plant Calluna vulgaris and bare peat were studied in two naturally regenerating disturbed peatlands in Lithuania. Cultivable fungi were isolated from peat and enumerated by applying the serial dilution plate technique. A total of 66 species of fungi ascribed to 21 genera (among these 30 species from 13 genera under moss C. introflexus) were identified. Fungus species of the genera Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mortierella and Paecilomyces dominated. The highest diversity of fungal species was found in Laukėsa under Calluna vulgaris. Differences in the structure of fungal communities were found in Mūšos Tyrelis in autumn and in Laukėsa in spring. Significant differences in species diversity under various plants were obtained only in summer. The Gleason species diversity index for peat under C. introflexus was not very high (1.77–2.58) in different seasons. Fungal species composition under moss C. introflexus did not show pronounced characteristic peculiarities compared to other plants and was similar to that in bare peat. The obtained data are important for the prediction of fungal community succession in peatlands and biodegradation level of plant residues.

scholarly journals Cladocera record from Budzewo (Skaliska Basin, north-eastern Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Gąsiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Regional Factors

ABSTRACT The sediment sequence from Budzewo (Skaliska Basin, north-eastern Poland) contains cladoceran records beginning from the early Holocene. A total of 33 Cladocera taxa were identified in the entire sequence. The cladoceran fauna of the initial stage of palaeolake history in the Preboreal shows high similarity to early Holocene Estonian and Scandinavian records. Benthic Alonella nana was dominant at that time. After that, probably during the Boreal and early Atlantic periods, Cladocera species diversity increased and planktonic forms (bosminas) became dominant, pointing to a rise of water level. The species composition indicates that the lake was meso- to eutrophic. The lake began to shallow during the middle Atlantic. The process was completed in the Subboreal and the lake transformed into a bog. The fall in water level and finally the terrestrialization of the lake is correlated with similar processes recorded in other sediment sequences in northern Poland, suggesting that this event may have been driven by regional factors such as lower precipitation.

scholarly journals Soil spider (Arachnida, Aranei) fauna of Samara parks zones

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Evgeny Alexandrovich Belosludtsev
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Quantitative Ratio ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Different Seasons

The aim of the work is to identify the species composition of aranei fauna and quantitative ratio of soil spiders in the parks of Samara in different seasons. The paper contains the results of the study of spider fauna in six parks of Samara. The author has used the original material collected in Samara from May to October 2002-2006. The author has identified 3081 individuals from 17 families of spiders. 77 spider species from 54 genera and 17 family have been found, it is 80% of the list of species of ground tier Samara spiders. Species range from 19 to 33 in each park. In the studied parks Linyphiidae family, Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae dominate in the number of species. The analysis of the number of spider species in different seasons of the year showed a gradual decline of species diversity from spring to autumn. According to Jaccard index, each of the studied fauna of spiders has a distinct originality. Only 4 species are present in all parks ( Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834), Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802), Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) и Tr. terricola (Thorell, 1856).

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

Taxonomic and ecologic observations of zoosporic fungi in soils of a high-arctic ecosystem

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Booth ◽  
Paul Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Ecosystem ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi

Phylctochytrium arcticum Barr and Rhizophlyctis harderi Uebelmesser are reported as additional taxa in soils of Truelove Lowland (Devon Island, N.W.T.) and Nowakowskiella spp., Olpidium pendulum Zopf, Pythium irregularae Buisman. Pythium spp., Phlyctochytrium arcticum, and Rhizophydium sphaerotheca Zopf are readily detectable as active organisms in Lowland microhabitats. Species diversity is greatest in mesic and warm soils and species composition of water-logged soils is different than dry soils. Soil acidity effects on distribution are discussed and autecological considerations of Nowakowskiella elegans and R. sphaerotheca with respect to pH, percentage N, C, and P, milliequivalents Ca2+ and Mg2+, moisture, and temperature are presented.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

scholarly journals WATER MITES (ACARIFORMES: HYDRACHNIDIA, HALACAROIDEA) OF BOGS OF WESTERN SIBERIA (RUSSIA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Stolbov ◽  
Victoria V. Popova ◽  
Sergei D. Sheikin ◽  
Sergei S. Tupitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water

Water mites (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia, Halacaroidea) were studied in 8 different bogs and fens of Western Siberia. 28 species of Hydrachnidia and 5 species of Halacaridae were found in them. The species composition in the bogs was very different. In the fens the abundance and species diversity were higher than in sphagnum bogs and the fauna were based on spring species. The representatives of the halacarid mites dominated in sphagnum bogs, which were not found in the fens. The specific similarity of the studied bogs was low. At the same time, the peculiarities of seasonal dynamics in bogs and fens were similar and resembled temporary water bodies: high numbers in the spring and an abruptly decline in the summer, with a slight increase in autumn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document