Clinical, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Retinal Vasculitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Retinal vasculitis can be in the form of isolated ocular involvement or can be associated with infections, neoplastic, degenerative, and systemic inflammatory diseases. The differentiation of infectious and non-infectious causes is very important for the appropriate treatment approach. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical findings, diagnostic evaluations, and treatment options of non-infectious retinal vasculitis.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Min-Su Kim ◽  
In-Woo Kim ◽  
Sanghyeon Lee ◽  
Sang-Jin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Calcific Tendinitis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Acute Calcific Tendinitis ◽  
Calcific Deposits ◽  
Pain Patients

Calcific tendinitis is the leading cause of shoulder pain. Among patients with calcific tendinitis, 2.7%–20% are asymptomatic, and 35%–45% of patients whose calcific deposits are inadvertently discovered develop shoulder pain. If symptoms are present, complications such as decreased range of motion of the shoulder joint should be minimized while managing pain. Patients with acute calcific tendinitis respond well to conservative treatment and rarely require surgery. In contrast, patients with chronic calcific tendinitis often do not respond to conservative treatment and do require surgery. Clinical improvement takes time, even after surgical treatment. This review article summarizes the processes related to the diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis with the aim of helping clinicians choose appropriate treatment options for their patients.

Approach to Radiculopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 760-770
Author(s):  
Rafid Mustafa ◽  
Narayan R. Kissoon
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Neurology Clinic

AbstractLow back pain and neck pain, often with associated radiculopathy, are two of the most common reasons for referral to the outpatient neurology clinic. A thorough clinical evaluation remains paramount in establishing an accurate diagnosis and subsequently an appropriate treatment plan. In this article, we review anatomic considerations for spondylotic radiculopathy; outline the clinical approach for the evaluation of these patients, including discussion of electrodiagnostic and imaging modalities; and address treatment options based on a stratified treatment approach.

Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Classification of Behçet's Disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 329-333
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem vasculitis with unknown etiology, which is characterized by the triad of recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and iritis. The eye is one of the most commonly affected organs and typical ocular involvement is panuveitis with hypopyon and retinal vasculitis. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation including biomicroscopic and funduscopic examination. This article aims to review the clinical findings, diagnosis, and classification of BD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tularemia cases focusing on the oculoglandular form

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebnem Eren Gok ◽  
Aysel Kocagul Celikbas ◽  
Nurcan Baykam ◽  
Ayse Atay Buyukdemirci ◽  
Mustafa Necati Eroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial

Introduction: Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The oculoglandular form is one of the rarest forms. In this study, evaluated tularemia patients, focusing on the ocular form and the efficacy of early antibiotic therapy. Methodology: During a tularemia outbreak, the epidemiological and clinical findings, laboratory assays, and drugs used for the treatment of 48 patients were recorded prospectively. The diagnosis of tularemia was confirmed with microagglutination test (MAT) as well as clinical findings. Results: The mean age of the subject was 48.6 years; 23 (47.9%) of them were female. Thirty-six (81.25%) patients had clinical presentation compatible with oropharyngeal tularemia, seven (14.58%) with oculoglandular tularemia, and two (4.1%) with ulceroglandular tularemia. The most common symptoms were fever (91.6%) and sore throat (81.2%), and the most common findings were lymphadenopathy (91.6%) and tonsillopharyngitis (81.2%). In the oculoglandular form, fever, lymphadenopathy, periorbital edema, conjunctival injection, and chemosis were found. The most distinctive ophthalmic feature was follicular conjunctivitis and conjunctival epithelial defects. Forty-five cases had positive serological results with MAT. All the patients were treated with antibiotics considered effective against F. tularensis, and topical antimicrobial treatment was given to the patients with oculoglandular tularemia. Twenty-six (54.16%) patients, who were admitted within three weeks of the onset of symptoms, recovered without sequel. Conclusions: During tularemia outbreaks, ocular involvement should be considered carefully. The early administration of appropriate treatment will be more effective in resolving the infection and preventing complications. Along with systemic antibiotic therapy, topical treatment will help recovery.

scholarly journals Clinician-Patient Dialogue About Preventive Chronic Migraine Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272095993
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Blumenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Many new medications for the treatment of migraine are now available on the market. In the current evolving migraine treatment landscape, an individualized treatment approach is needed. This review provides practical recommendations on how to obtain a correct diagnosis and then engage in a long-term partnership with patients with the most severe form of migraine: chronic migraine (CM). Given the need to effectively treat this complex neurological disease, clinicians in primary care, general neurologists, and headache specialists are at the forefront to ease the burden of this disease for their patients. This manuscript will review how to discuss the currently available treatment options to help control migraine attacks, manage expectations, and, together with the patient, determine the most effective and appropriate treatment. The goal is to create an environment where the clinician partners with the patient in shared decision-making to choose the most effective appropriate treatment for the individual patient.

scholarly journals Pyogenic brain abscess

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Erdoğan ◽  
Tufan Cansever
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Lower Morbidity

✓ Brain abscesses have been one of the most challenging lesions, both for surgeons and internists. From the beginning of the computed tomography (CT) era, the diagnosis and treatment of these entities have become easier and less invasive. The outcomes have become better with the improvement of diagnostic techniques, neurosurgery, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Atypical bacterial abscesses are more often due to chemotherapy usage in oncology, long life expectancy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and immunosuppression in conjunction with organ transplantation. Surgical treatment options showed no significant difference with respect to mortality levels, but lower morbidity rates were achieved with stereotactically guided aspiration. Decompression with stereotactically guided aspiration, antibiotic therapy based on results of pus culture, and repeated aspirations if indicated from results of periodic CT follow-up scans seem to be the most appropriate treatment modality for brain abscesses. Immunosuppression and comorbidities, initial neurological status, and intraventricular rupture were significant factors influencing the outcomes of patients. The pitfalls and evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of brain abscesses are discussed in this study.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myositis: From Biology to Bedside

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Solimando ◽  
Lucilla Crudele ◽  
Patrizia Leone ◽  
Antonella Argentiero ◽  
Matteo Guarascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Neoplastic Disorders ◽  
Druggable Targets

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related inflammatory diseases, including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), in patients suffering from neoplastic disorders represent a medical challenge. The treatment of these conditions has taken on new urgency due to the successful and broad development of cancer-directed immunological-based therapeutic strategies. While primary and secondary PM/DM phenotypes have been pathophysiologically characterized, a rational, stepwise approach to the treatment of patients with ICI-related disease is lacking. In the absence of high-quality evidence to guide clinical judgment, the available data must be critically assessed. In this literature review, we examine partially neglected immunological and clinical findings to obtain insights into the biological profiles of ICI-related PM/DM and potential treatment options. We show that differential diagnosis is essential to stratifying patients according to prognosis and therapeutic impact. Finally, we provide a comprehensive assessment of druggable targets and suggest a stepwise patient-oriented approach for the treatment of ICI-related PM/DM.

Candida Related Uveitis: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Screening Programs

Candidiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Earlier identification and treatment of candidemia has led to a decline in the incidence of ocular candidiasis in recent years. Ocular candidiasis shows a progression from chorioretinitis to endophthalmitis and may cause significant vision loss. Therefore emphasis should be given to early detection and treatment of candidemia patients and appropriate screening programs for ocular involvement.

Periocular and Intravitreal Steroid Use in Treatment of Behcet’s Disease-Related Uveitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-351
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Behcet's Disease

Behcet’s disease has an intractable chronic recurrent course and ocular involvement is one of the most important morbidity reasons. Systemic steroids and immunosuppressive constitute the basis of the treatment in ocular involvement. However, both the side effects and the necessity of high dosages for ocular penetration of the medications favors the local treatment options. Periocular injections (orbital floor and subtenon) in this manner are found to be effective as an adjuvant in the treatment of intractable disease, reducing the systemic dosage and preventing the recurrences. In the intravitreal route, the most commonly used is triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection. With this route, local depot effect, rapid impact on the posterior segment, and retinal vasculitis, better outcomes in vitreous haze and macular edema can be achieved. However, complications like cataract and intraocular pressure (IOP) rise are commonly seen. Other options in the intravitreal route are Fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert®) and dexamethasone (Ozurdex®) implants. Ozurdex® becomes a suitable treatment option with its long-lasting effect and low side effect profile compared to IVTA. Although Retisert® seems effective with its action that might extend to 3 years, the necessity of surgery for implantation, and the high rate of cataract and glaucoma complications, it is not preferred frequently.

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