Candida Related Uveitis: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Screening Programs

Candidiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Earlier identification and treatment of candidemia has led to a decline in the incidence of ocular candidiasis in recent years. Ocular candidiasis shows a progression from chorioretinitis to endophthalmitis and may cause significant vision loss. Therefore emphasis should be given to early detection and treatment of candidemia patients and appropriate screening programs for ocular involvement.

Usefulness of Screening for Hypertension

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-884
Author(s):  
DAVID E. FIXLER
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients

In Reply.— Grossman has expressed the opinion that among the criteria for any screening procedure is that the disease being screened for is either prevalent or has severe health consequences. Although these are notable criteria, they in no means represent indications for initiating mass screening programs. Justification for a screening program is based on its having a high yield, that is, that early detection in a significant number of patients will lead to appropriate treatment and a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals The Importance of Molecular Diagnostics and Screening Programs in Monitoring and Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer in the Republic of North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Jovanka Trpkovska ◽  
Nevenka Velickova
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Health Care Staff ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Republic

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant diseases (12 % of the total) that occurs with an incidence of 15 – 30 new cases per 100,000 population per year in European Union countries. The risk of this disease during life depends on many factors such as age, diet, physical activity, personal and family predisposition. Several preventive measures can reduce the number of colorectal cancer patients. First of all, the regular screening which allows the detection of precancerous polyps or cancer in the early stage and their successful surgical removal. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of screening programs as a preventive measure for the early detection of colorectal cancer and to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The strategy for improving the early detection of colorectal cancer also implies availability of useful information about the importance of screening programs for everyone as well as educating health care staff about the program itself. Number of newly registered colorectal cancer cases in 2009 in the Republic North Macedonia stands at 547 with a rate of 26.7 compared to 2018 with 839 newly registered cases with a rate of 40.4 which clearly indicates an increasing trend of colorectal cancer. Multidisciplinary approach to early detection of colorectal cancer, continuity of Program funding and quality of services will lead to reduction of morbidity and mortality of this type of cancer.

Clinical, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Retinal Vasculitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Retinal vasculitis can be in the form of isolated ocular involvement or can be associated with infections, neoplastic, degenerative, and systemic inflammatory diseases. The differentiation of infectious and non-infectious causes is very important for the appropriate treatment approach. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical findings, diagnostic evaluations, and treatment options of non-infectious retinal vasculitis.

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eleazar Ndabarora ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽  
Védaste Ngirinshuti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer screening using a stool DNA-based SDC2 methylation test: a multicenter, prospective trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Woo Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Kim ◽  
Hyoung Rae Kim ◽  
Bong-Hyeon Kye ◽  
Hyung Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Stool Dna ◽  
Dna 2

Abstract Background Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global priority, with many countries conducting population-based CRC screening programs. Although colonoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic method for early CRC detection, adherence remains low because of its invasiveness and the need for extensive bowel preparation. Non-invasive fecal occult blood tests or fecal immunochemical tests are available; however, their sensitivity is relatively low. Syndecan-2 (SDC2) is a stool-based DNA methylation marker used for early detection of CRC. Using the EarlyTect™-Colon Cancer test, the sensitivity and specificity of SDC2 methylation in stool DNA for detecting CRC were previously demonstrated to be greater than 90%. Therefore, a larger trial to validate its use for CRC screening in asymptomatic populations is now required. Methods All participants will collect their stool (at least 20 g) before undergoing screening colonoscopy. The samples will be sent to a central laboratory for analysis. Stool DNA will be isolated using a GT Stool DNA Extraction kit, according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Before performing the methylation test, stool DNA (2 µg per reaction) will be treated with bisulfite, according to manufacturer’s instructions. SDC2 and COL2A1 control reactions will be performed in a single tube. The SDC2 methylation test will be performed using an AB 7500 Fast Real-time PCR system. CT values will be calculated using the 7500 software accompanying the instrument. Results from the EarlyTect™-Colon Cancer test will be compared against those obtained from colonoscopy and any corresponding diagnostic histopathology from clinically significant biopsied or subsequently excised lesions. Based on these results, participants will be divided into three groups: CRC, polyp, and negative. The following clinical data will be recorded for the participants: sex, age, colonoscopy results, and clinical stage (for CRC cases). Discussion This trial investigates the clinical performance of a device that allows quantitative detection of a single DNA marker, SDC2 methylation, in human stool DNA in asymptomatic populations. The results of this trial are expected to be beneficial for CRC screening and may help make colonoscopy a selective procedure used only in populations with a high risk of CRC. Trial registration: This trial (NCT04304131) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on March 11, 2020 and is available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04304131?cond=NCT04304131&draw=2&rank=1.

Oral Cancer: Raising Awareness of the Importance of Suspicion in Early Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmed ◽  
Honieh Bolooki ◽  
Senathrajah Ariyaratnam ◽  
Michael N. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Suspicious Lesions

Oral cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this article we present two cases of potentially innocuous looking lesions, initially thought to be traumatic in origin, but later diagnosed as cancer. The first patient presented with a persistent laceration thought to be caused by an accidental shaving injury, which was subsequently diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The second patient presented with a hyperplastic mucosal lesion, suspected as forming due to denture-clasp irritation, which was subsequently diagnosed as proliferative verrucous carcinoma. The importance of early detection and palpation of suspicious lesions is emphasised in this article.

scholarly journals The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Shi-Ying Tey ◽  
Gayathri Govindasamy ◽  
Francesca Martina Vendargon
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movement ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Exudative Retinal Detachment ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ocular Findings ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the various clinical presentations of ocular bartonellosis at our institution. A retrospective review of the clinical records of 13 patients (23 eyes) with ocular manifestations of Bartonella infections over a 3-year period between January 2016 to December 2018 was undertaken at our institution. Results The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and in addition, with the support of the evidence of Bartonella hensalae IgG and/or IgM. Small retinal white lesions were the most common ocular findings in this series of patients (82.6% of eyes, 76.9% of patients). Neuroretinitis was the second most common finding (47.8% of eyes, 69.2% of patients), followed by exudative retinal detachment involving the macula (34.8% of eyes, 53.8% of patients) and Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (17.4% of eyes, 23.1% of patients). Other findings like isolated optic disc oedema without macular star (8.7% of eyes, 15.4% of patients) and vitritis (4.3% of eyes, 7.7% of patients) were also observed. Ten patients (76.9%) had bilateral ocular involvement. Most of the patients were young, immunocompetent and had systemic symptoms like fever prior to their ocular symptoms. The visual acuity (VA) at initial presentation ranged from 6/6 to hand movement (mean, 6/20), and at final visit 6/6 to 6/60, (mean, 6/9). 91.7% of patients were treated with antibiotics. Only 2 patients received oral corticosteroids together with antibiotics due to very poor vision on presentation. The visual prognosis of ocular bartonellosis is generally good with 16 (88.9%) of 23 eyes having VA of 6/12 or better at final follow-up visit. Conclusion Small foci of retinal white lesions were the most common manifestation of ocular bartonellosis in this series, followed by neuroretinitis, though an array of other ocular findings may also occur. Therefore, we should consider bartonella infection as a possible differential diagnosis in those patients.

Should Screening Programs Be Perfect?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-301
Author(s):  
PHILIP R. WYATT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
New England ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Care System

To the Editor.— The report of the New England Regional Screening Program1 on neonatal hypothyroidism is a stunning illustration of the vulnerability of screening programs. It is unfortunate that this experience will probably be used as an argument to minimize the input of screening programs in the health care system in the United States. The report illustrates that, in addition to the 2% of the screened population that eluded the program, 14 infants with hypothyroidism escaped the full benefits of early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ajello ◽  
Giuseppe Coppola ◽  
Egle Corrado ◽  
Eluisa La Franca ◽  
Antonino Rotolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

The increased survival after acute myocardial infarction induced an increase in heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Early detection and treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction give the chance to improve outcomes and to reduce costs due to the management of patients with overt heart failure.

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Maclean ◽  
Baljean Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a non-pathogenic organism in the immunocompetent, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with AIDS, and the retina is the commonest site of infection1. If left untreated, patients with CMVR will develop disease in their second eye and ultimately become blind2. However, with correct diagnosis and treatment useful vision can be maintained in the majority of cases. Fifteen to 20% of patients with AIDS will contract cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)3−7 and this may be the AIDS-defining diagnosis though more commonly it occurs months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Given the increasing number of HIV positive patients and their longer survival, it is likely that CMVR will become an increasingly prevalent condition. In these patients loss of sight from CMVR has devastating consequences in terms of loss of independence and quality of life and therefore ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the presenting characteristics of CMVR, be familiar with therapy and its complications, and be able to recognize relapsing infection.

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