scholarly journals Physiology of Vitreous and Vitreomacular Interface and Age-Related Changes

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Vitreoretinal Interface ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ocular Structure ◽  
Vitreomacular Interface ◽  
Age Related Changes

Vitreous is an important ocular structure in the normal physiology and pathologic conditions of the posterior segment. Vitreous is a gel-like composite structure and forms an extracellular matrix that occupies the biggest space in the eye. The healthy vitreous gel reduces oxygen tension and protects vitreous, retina, and lens from oxidative damage. Vitreous plays an important role in the refraction of the eye, preserving the transparency with regular interaction of the macromolecules contained therein. Vitreous suffer from continuous physical tension and this results in important changes. Particularly age-related degeneration in the structure of the vitreous gel leads to a decrease in vitreoretinal adhesion. As part of natural aging, the posterior vitreous detachment process may become pathologic when the vitreoretinal interface weakens simultaneously with vitreous liquefaction. In this process, vision-threatening diseases such as vitreomacular adhesion, vitreomacular traction, and macula hole may appear.

scholarly journals Vitreomacular Adhesion, Vitreomacular Traction, and Concurrent Diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 256-261
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vitreomacular Interface ◽  
Vascular Occlusions ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The introduction of the optic coherence tomography in ophthalmology has been enabled us to understand the relationship between vitreomacular interface pathologies and concurrent retinal diseases. It is known that vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and traction (VMT) develops as a result of an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment. VMA/VMT usually coincidence with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vascular occlusions. Some studies suggested that the complete posterior vitreous detachment is protective against these kinds of retinal diseases. It is proclaimed that VMA/VMT may have a role in the etiology and progression of these retinal diseases. And also, in the majority of the studies, it is proposed that VMA/VMT may interfere with the treatment and even worsen the result of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy which is used within the treatment regime of these retinal diseases. It is obvious that further studies are needed to clarify the cause-result relationship and the effectiveness of the treatment for the concurrent retinal diseases.

scholarly journals The influence of vitreomacular adhesion on the pathogenesis and course of age-related macular degeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nikita Yuryevich Dal ◽  
Gassan Basharovich Shaar ◽  
Yuriy Sergeyevich Astakhov ◽  
Marina Mikhaylovna Lobanova
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Age Related Changes

This article describes the age-related changes in vitreous and different types of posterior vitreous detachment. Possible effect of normal and pathological posterior vitreous detachment (in particular vitreomacular adhesion and traction syndrome) on the age-related macular degeneration course are considered. Vitrectomy and pharmacological vitreolysis potentials in the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion are discussed.

Diagnosing and Treating Vitreomacular Adhesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Carpineto ◽  
Luca Di Antonio ◽  
Agbeanda Aharrh-Gnama ◽  
Vincenzo Ciciarelli ◽  
Leonardo Mastropasqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vitreomacular Traction ◽  
Vitreous Surgery ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
23 Gauge

Perifoveal vitreous detachment with residual vitreofoveal adhesion is considered as the first stage of posterior vitreous detachment. A key point is the transition from an innocuous vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) to a pathological vitreomacular traction (VMT). By using optical coherence tomography (OCT), VMA is defined as adhesion of the posterior hyaloid cortex involving the centre of the foveal region with or without a hyper-reflective signal on the inner surface of the retina. VMT is diagnosed when the inner macular surface slopes steeply, or sharp angulation and localised deformation of the retinal profile is detected at the VMA site. Otherwise, VMA is simply considered to be persistent adherence of the cortical vitreous. The tractional effects of perifoveal vitreous detachment cause a variety of macular pathologies determined by the size and the strength of the residual vitreoretinal adhesion. Vitreomacular adhesion plays a major role in the development of diseases such as vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMTS), macular hole, epiretinal membrane, tractional macular oedema and myopic macular retinoschisis. In addition, clinical evidence supports the theory that the course of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration may be strongly influenced by an incomplete posterior vitreous separation. The current standard of care of vitreomacular interface pathologies is vitrectomy and membrane peeling – a procedure that is thought to relieve epiretinal traction – followed by regeneration of the retinal architecture and recovery of visual function. Over the last few years, with the introduction of 25-gauge (0.50mm) and 23-gauge (0.72mm) instruments, there has been another major shift toward transconjunctival microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS). Pharmacological induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) can become a further step toward a real ‘minimally invasive vitreous surgery’ for VMTS.

Age-Related Changes in the Extracellular Matrix of the Human Optic Nerve Head

1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosario Hernandez ◽  
Xing Xing Luo ◽  
Wieslawa Andrzejewska ◽  
Arthur H. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Optic Nerve ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Age-related changes of the vitreous body

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
S D Stebnev ◽  
V S Stebnev ◽  
I V Malov ◽  
V M Malov ◽  
E B Eroshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Retinal Disorders ◽  
Viscoelastic Structure ◽  
Idiopathic Macular Holes ◽  
Strength And Plasticity ◽  
Age Related Changes

Innovative advances in recent years in the study of pathological changes of the posterior segment of the eye including the use of optical coherence tomography which is considered the gold standard for diagnosing vitreoretinal interface pathology, not only significantly expanded the idea of the most prevalent lesions of the structure of posterior eye segment but also discovered absolutely new aspects of their pathology. The review emphasizes the spreading understanding of vitreous body, its age-related changes in the pathology of the posterior eye segment. Two main interrelated processes occurring in the vitreous body - synchysis and syneresis, gradually increasing with age, are considered. Synchysis process begins at the early age and by the age of 70 reaches 50% of the volume of the vitreous body in 70% of the population. Parallelly, syneresis provides strength and plasticity of the entire vitreous volume due to collagen involved in formation of fibrillar frame. An important role in maintaining a stable and viscoelastic structure of the vitreous body, belonging to hyaluronic acid, is discussed, the level of which remains relatively stable at any age due to its constant synthesis. The accumulated data on the structure of age-related and pathological biodegradation of the vitreous body demonstrates inevitable progression of this process leading to age-related posterior vitreous detachment, which is a detachment of the posterior cortical layers of the vitreous body from subjacent retina. Posterior detachment under the influence of age-related changes in the vitreous body has certain stages - from incomplete juxtafoveolar detachment to complete posterior vitreous detachment with clinical retinal changes corresponding to each stage (idiopathic macular holes, lamellar macular tears, macular fibrosis, vitreomacular traction syndrome, myopic foveoschisis). Complete posterior vitreous detachment usually does not cause anatomical retinal disorders and any clinical forms of its diseases, thus, it can be considered as a natural favorable outcome.

scholarly journals Experience of using apitherapy in elderly patients with discirculatory encephalopathy

1997 ◽  
Vol XXIX (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Е. A. Antipenko ◽  
L. M. Anisimova ◽  
А. V. Deryugina ◽  
А. V. Gustov ◽  
V. N. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Difficulties in treating discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) in the elderly are caused by a combination of degenerative and vascular processes, which mutually burden each other. The development of the disease against the background of natural aging of the body makes it necessary to take into account age-related changes in the reactivity of the body, a decrease in its adaptive capabilities, and a violation of the mechanisms of autoregulation [6]. This whole complex of pathological changes requires a special therapeutic approach that considers the body as a single functional system. It can be assumed that drugs of a non-specific plan will be effective, mobilizing the internal reserves of an aging organism.

scholarly journals Embryology and Anatomy of Vitreus and Vitreomacular Interface

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Vitreoretinal Interface ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Vitreomacular Interface ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusions

The vitreous is a tissue that has important functions in various physiological processes in the eye. The vitreoretinal interface is an important anatomic site in the pathophysiology of various vitreomaculopathies. It has been understood that abnormal posterior vitreous detachment plays an important role in a variety of retinal diseases such as macular holes, macular wrinkles, and retinal detachment, as well as in promoting a number of comorbidities such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions. Understanding the biochemistry, embryology, and anatomy of vitreous will contribute to a better understanding of these diseases and the development of new treatment methods.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Vitreomacular Interface Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-223
Keyword(s):  
Macular Hole ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreomacular Interface ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Vitreomacular interface disorders consist of a series of diseases including vitreomacular adhesion, vitreomacular traction, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane formation. They occur due to the failed progression of normal posterior vitreous detachment. Affected patients may present with metamorphopsia and varying degrees of visual loss depending on the severity of foveal disturbance and disease duration. The aim of this review is to define the epidemiological characteristics of these groups of disorders which show an increased incidence and prevalence with age in parallel with the occurrence of posterior vitreous detachment.

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