scholarly journals Refining Stimulus Parameters in Assessing Infant Speech Perception Using Visual Reinforcement Infant Speech Discrimination: Sensation Level

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Uhler ◽  
Rosalinda Baca ◽  
Emily Dudas ◽  
Tammy Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Discrimination Criterion ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Impact

Background: Speech perception measures have long been considered an integral piece of the audiological assessment battery. Currently, a prelinguistic, standardized measure of speech perception is missing in the clinical assessment battery for infants and young toddlers. Such a measure would allow systematic assessment of speech perception abilities of infants as well as the potential to investigate the impact early identification of hearing loss and early fitting of amplification have on the auditory pathways. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sensation level (SL) on the ability of infants with normal hearing (NH) to discriminate /a-i/ and /ba-da/ and to determine if performance on the two contrasts are significantly different in predicting the discrimination criterion. Research Design: The design was based on a survival analysis model for event occurrence and a repeated measures logistic model for binary outcomes. The outcome for survival analysis was the minimum SL for criterion and the outcome for the logistic regression model was the presence/absence of achieving the criterion. Criterion achievement was designated when an infant’s proportion correct score was >0.75 on the discrimination performance task. Study Sample: Twenty-two infants with NH sensitivity participated in this study. There were 9 males and 13 females, aged 6–14 mo. Data Collection and Analysis: Testing took place over two to three sessions. The first session consisted of a hearing test, threshold assessment of the two speech sounds (/a/ and /i/), and if time and attention allowed, visual reinforcement infant speech discrimination (VRISD). The second session consisted of VRISD assessment for the two test contrasts (/a-i/ and /ba-da/). The presentation level started at 50 dBA. If the infant was unable to successfully achieve criterion (>0.75) at 50 dBA, the presentation level was increased to 70 dBA followed by 60 dBA. Data examination included an event analysis, which provided the probability of criterion distribution across SL. The second stage of the analysis was a repeated measures logistic regression where SL and contrast were used to predict the likelihood of speech discrimination criterion. Results: Infants were able to reach criterion for the /a-i/ contrast at statistically lower SLs when compared to /ba-da/. There were six infants who never reached criterion for /ba-da/ and one never reached criterion for /a-i/. The conditional probability of not reaching criterion by 70 dB SL was 0% for /a-i/ and 21% for /ba-da/. The predictive logistic regression model showed that children were more likely to discriminate the /a-i/ even when controlling for SL. Conclusions: Nearly all normal-hearing infants can demonstrate discrimination criterion of a vowel contrast at 60 dB SL, while a level of ≥70 dB SL may be needed to allow all infants to demonstrate discrimination criterion of a difficult consonant contrast.

scholarly journals İşitme cihazı kullanıcısı bebeklerin görsel pekiştirmeli konuşmayı ayırt etme yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi: Olgu serisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Selvet AKKAPLAN ◽  
Merve ÖZBAL BATUK ◽  
Gonca SENNAROĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Infant Speech

Evaluation of babies with hearing aids using visual reinforced ınfant speech discrimination method: A case series Speech perception measurements are an important part of the audiology test battery. It is important to investigate hearing loss in the early period and to evaluate the auditory pathway in terms of speech perception for appropriate amplification. Due to the level of language development in infants, it is not possible to objectively evaluate speech perception skills with the speech test battery used in adults. It is necessary to use a test battery that gives objective results for the measurement of speech perception in infants. Visual Reinforcement Infant Speech Discrimination (VRISD) method is the most commonly used test technique to evaluate speech discrimination skills in infants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the speech discrimination skills of 3 babies aged 6-18 months, who are hearing aid users, with the VRISD test method. In the VRISD test protocol used in this study, test stimuli were created by matching /a/ with /i/ and /ba/ with /da/ speech stimuli. These stimulus pairs are arranged as one target sound and the other background sound, and they are presented at 70 dB via loudspeaker by creating a repeating sound sequence. Animated video that attracts the attention of the baby was used as visual reinforcement. Speech discrimination skills of 3 babies with bilateral hearing aids were evaluated with the VRISD test, and the results of the cases are presented. As a result of the study, speech discrimination skills of babies with hearing aids will be evaluated with the VRISD test method. These results contribute to habilitation and amplification programming. Keywords: Hearing aid, speech perception, pediatric audiology

scholarly journals Work absence and multimorbidity in Portugal: results from the 1st National Health Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Matos ◽  
C Matias Dias ◽  
A Félix
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
National Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Work Absence ◽  
Health Examination Survey ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Studies on the impact of patients with multimorbidity in the absence of work indicate that the number and type of chronic diseases may increase absenteeism and that the risk of absence from work is higher in people with two or more chronic diseases. This study analyzed the association between multimorbidity and greater frequency and duration of work absence in the portuguese population between the ages of 25 and 65 during 2015. Methods This is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study with an analytical component that has its source of information from the 1st National Health Examination Survey. The study analyzed univariate, bivariate and multivariate variables under study. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed. Results The prevalence of absenteeism was 55,1%. Education showed an association with absence of work (p = 0,0157), as well as professional activity (p = 0,0086). It wasn't possible to verify association between the presence of chronic diseases (p = 0,9358) or the presence of multimorbidity (p = 0,4309) with absence of work. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 31,8%. There was association between age (p < 0,0001), education (p < 0,001) and yield (p = 0,0009) and multimorbidity. There is no increase in the number of days of absence from work due to the increase in the number of chronic diseases. In the optimized logistic regression model the only variables that demonstrated association with the variable labor absence were age (p = 0,0391) and education (0,0089). Conclusions The scientific evidence generated will contribute to the current discussion on the need for the health and social security system to develop policies to patients with multimorbidity. Key messages The prevalence of absenteeism and multimorbidity in Portugal was respectively 55,1% and 31,8%. In the optimized model age and education demonstrated association with the variable labor absence.

Entrepreneurship Program at Secondary School

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Madeira ◽  
Andreia Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is the analysis of the effect that the entrepreneurship activities have in the development of an entrepreneurial profile of the students of a secondary level and their future entrepreneurial intentions. To empirically test the formulated hypothesis, a questionnaire was developed. By the application of methods of factorial analysis and a logistic regression model, it was concluded that variables like the incentive given by school agents, the participation of students in extracurricular activities and the desire to continue studying, influenced the entrepreneurial intentions of the students. Concerning the entrepreneurial profile, it was concluded that the students who have higher capacity of creation and concretization of entrepreneurial projects and a winning will, have a higher propensity to create their own business. This research analysed the impact of entrepreneurship activities on the development of the secondary school students' entrepreneurial profile, and understand whether these same activities influence their future intentions.

Cross-linguistic perception in infancy: early effects of linguistic experience

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Eilers ◽  
William J. Gavin ◽  
D. Kimbrough Oller
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Linguistic Experience ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Infant Speech Perception ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
Early Effects

ABSTRACTThe possibility that early linguistic experience affects infant speech perception was investigated in a cross-linguistic study with naturally produced speech stimuli. Using the Visually Reinforced Infant Speech Discrimination paradigm, three contrasts were presented to Spanish-and English-learning infants 6–8 months of age. Both groups of infants showed statistically significant discrimination of two contrasts, English and Czech. Only the Spanish-learning infants provided evidence of discrimination of the Spanish contrast. The groups discriminated the English contrast at similarly high levels, but the Spanish-learning infants showed significantly higher performance than the English on both the Spanish and the Czech contrast. The results indicate that early experience does affect early discrimination, and further (since the stimuli were natural) that the effect may be of practical consequence in language learning.

scholarly journals Variation Among Hospitals in the Continuity of Care for Older Hospitalized Patients: a Cross-sectional Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Goodwin ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Ann Nattinger
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Little is known about how continuity of care for hospitalized patients varies among hospitals. We describe the number of different general internal medicine physicians seeing hospitalized patients during a medical admission and how that varies by hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a national 20% sample of Medicare inpatients from 01/01/16 to 12/31/18. In patients with routine medical admissions (length of stay of 3-6 days, no Intensive Care Unit stay, and seen by only one generalist per day), we assessed odds of receiving all generalist care from one generalist. We calculated rates for each hospital, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics in a multi-level logistic regression model. Results: Among routine medical admissions with 3- to 6-day stays, only 43.1% received all their generalist care from the same physician. In those with a 3-day stay, 50.1% had one generalist providing care vs. 30.8% in those with a 6-day stay. In a two-level (admission and hospital) logistic regression model controlling for patient characteristics and length of stay, the odds of seeing just one generalist did not vary greatly by patient characteristics such as age, race/ethnicity, comorbidity or reason for admission. There were large variations in continuity of care among different hospitals and geographic areas. In the highest decile of hospitals, the adjusted mean percentage of patients receiving all generalist care from one physician was >84.1%, vs. <24.1% in the lowest decile. This large degree of variation persisted when hospitals were stratified by size, ownership, location or teaching status. Conclusions: Continuity of care provided by generalist physicians to medical inpatients varies widely among hospitals. The impact of this variation on quality of care is unknown.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bezon Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
The Impact

This article mainly explores to what extent international remittances alleviate household poverty in Bangladesh. This study uses primary data collected from 216 households and employs multi-methods. Firstly, I measure the level of household poverty through Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index. The article secondly focuses on the impact of remittances on household poverty using a binary logistic regression model. I found that the level of poverty among remittance recipient households is notably lower than households that are not receiving remittances. Similarly, the probability of a household being poor is alleviated by 28.07 per cent if the household receives remittance. It can be suggested that nursing international remittances can be useful for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. 

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Hematologic Patients: Experience at the Hospital Attending More Patients in Spain

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Alba Cabirta ◽  
Macarena Izuzquiza ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Camps ◽  
David Valcarcel ◽  
Eva Catala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic raises many questions about the management of patients with significant comorbidities. Hematologic patients are usually fragile due to an important immunosuppression, so the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is yet to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study of patients with hematologic malignancies diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 at Vall d´Hebron University Hospital (HUVH) between March 1st and May 31st 2020 to analyze their clinical characteristics and evolution. Patient's demographic data, underlying pathology, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, treatment received and clinical course were collected. A statistical analysis was performed to identify the possible variables associated with COVID-19 mortality. For this purpose, we used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 70 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and hematologic malignancy. The median age was 75 years (range 22-91), and 44% were female. The majority (74%) had evidence of active malignancy and 53% were receiving active therapy. Lymphoid pathology (73%) predominated over myeloid. The median number of previous lines of treatment was 0 (range 0-6), 23% had received at least 2 lines, whereas 10% underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (5 patients allo-HSCT, 2 auto-HSCT). Half of the patients had more than one pre-existing comorbidity (17% obstructive pulmonary disease). At diagnosis the most common symptoms were fever (76%), cough (60%) and dyspnea (31%). We observed that 58% of patients presented a chest X-ray compatible with COVID-19. Regarding laboratory parameters, stood out lymphopenia (65% of patients presented &lt;1200 lymphocytes/mm3) and elevation of inflammation parameters, such as D-dimer (median 365 ng/mL, range 50-5860), ferritin (median 1063 ng/mL, range 73-14191), IL-6 (median 59,6 pg/mL, range 3-4079) and PCR (median 11,2 mg/dL, range 0,3-79,9). Empirical therapy for COVID-19 included antibiotics (78%), anti-virals (50%, 3% remdesivir), and hydroxychloroquine (88%). Only 24% received tocilizumab, 50% heparin (33% prophylactic dose), 12% G-CSF, 9% norepinephrine, 4% corticosteroids and 1% ß-IFN. Most of patients (73%) required oxygen therapy: 36% high-flow, 29% low flow and 8% endotracheal intubation. There were 6 patients who did not receive any treatment. COVID-19 was acquired via nosocomial infection in 23% of patients, 91% of them requiring hospitalization, 14% in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The median days of hospitalization since diagnosis was 17 (range 3-55). The case fatality rate (CFR) from COVID-19 was higher in hematologic patients than the one observed in non-hematologic patients at the HUVH (figure 1), being of 41% at 11 days from diagnosis. CFR was higher in patients older than 75 years old (61%), while the mortality among patients receiving active therapy was 42%. The main cause of death was acute respiratory failure (93%). In the univariate logistic regression model, age &gt;75 years (OR 1.07; p=0.008), active malignancy (OR 5; p=0,02), &gt;1 comorbidity (OR 5.3; p=0,049) and high levels of IL-6 (OR 8.2; p= 0.005) were statistically significant. In the multivariable logistic regression model, age ≥75 years (OR 4.4; p=0.01) and IL-6 levels at baseline &gt; 59.6 pg/mL (OR 7.2; p=0.01) were associated with a higher mortality (table 1). The presence of an active malignancy was not a significant variable in the multivariable logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19 presented similar symptoms, signs and radiological characteristics to those described in the general population at diagnosis. In our cohort, advanced age and high IL-6 values were associated with higher mortality. Furthermore, it was observed that active hematologic disease is a factor of poor prognosis of COVID-19. Disclosures Salamero: Daichii Sankyo:Honoraria;Celgene:Consultancy, Honoraria;Novartis:Consultancy, Honoraria;Jazz Pharmaceuticals:Consultancy, Honoraria;Pfizer:Consultancy.Abrisqueta:Janssen:Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;AbbVie:Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Roche:Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Celgene:Consultancy, Honoraria.Bosch:Hoffmann-La Roche:Research Funding.

scholarly journals Negative Impact of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use on Opioid Agonist Treatment Retention in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Morin ◽  
Frank Vojtesek ◽  
Shreedhar Acharya ◽  
David C. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiological trends of co-use patterns of amphetamine-type stimulants and opioids and the impact of co-use patterns on Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) retention in Ontario, Canada. The secondary objective was to assess geographical variation in amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural, Northern Urban, Southern Rural and Southern Urban Areas of Ontario.Methods: A retrospective cohort study on 32,674 adults receiving OAT from ~70 clinics was conducted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020, in Ontario, Canada. Patients were divided into four groups base on the proportion of positive urine drug screening results for amphetamine-type stimulants during treatment: group 1 (0–25%), group 2 (25–50%), group 3 (50–75%), and groups 4 (75–100%). A Fractional logistic regression model was used to evaluate differences over time in amphetamine-type stimulant use with urine drug screening results. A Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio model was used to calculate the impact of amphetamine-type stimulant use on retention in OAT and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, drug use and clinical factors. Lastly, a logistic regression model was used on a subgroup of patients to assess the impact of geography on amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural, Northern Urban, Southern Rural and Southern Urban Areas of Ontario.Results: There were significant differences in amphetamine-type stimulant positive urine drug screening results year-over-year from 2015 to 2020. Significant differences were observed between amphetamine-type stimulant groups with regards to sociodemographic, clinical and drug use factors. Compared to those with no amphetamine-type stimulant use, the number of days retained in OAT treatment for amphetamine-type stimulant users was reduced (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.17; p &lt; 0.001). Lastly, an adjusted logistic regression model showed a significant increase in the likelihood of amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural regions compared to Southern Urban areas.Conclusion: There was a significant increase in amphetamine-type stimulant use among individuals in OAT from 2014 to 2020, associated with decreased OAT retention. Research is required to determine if tailored strategies specific to individuals in OAT who use amphetamine-type stimulants can improve OAT outcomes.

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