FlyBuilder: A Multimodal Dry Lab Curriculum Teaches Mendelian Genetics through the Lens of Drosophila Balancer Chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna G. Flyer-Adams ◽  
Belinda Barbagallo ◽  
Leslie C. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Balancer Chromosomes

scholarly journals Nature of Deleterious Mutation Load in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1993-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Keightley
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mutation Load ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation Rate ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Chromosome I ◽  
Balancer Chromosomes ◽  
Balancer Chromosome

Much population genetics and evolution theory depends on knowledge of genomic mutation rates and distributions of mutation effects for fitness, but most information comes from a few mutation accumulation experiments in Drosophila in which replicated chromosomes are sheltered from natural selection by a balancer chromosome. I show here that data from these experiments imply the existence of a large class of minor viability mutations with approximately equivalent effects. However, analysis of the distribution of viabilities of chromosomes exposed to EMS mutagenesis reveals a qualitatively different distribution of effects lacking such a minor effects class. A possible explanation for this difference is that transposable element insertions, a common class of spontaneous mutation event in Drosophila, frequently generate minor viability effects. This explanation would imply that current estimates of deleterious mutation rates are not generally applicable in evolutionary models, as transposition rates vary widely. Alternatively, much of the apparent decline in viability under spontaneous mutation accumulation could have been nonmutational, perhaps due to selective improvement of balancer chromosomes. This explanation accords well with the data and implies a spontaneous mutation rate for viability two orders of magnitude lower than previously assumed, with most mutation load attributable to major effects.

Explaining Scientific Consensus: The Case of Mendelian Genetics.

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Warren O. Hagstrom ◽  
Kyung-Man Kim ◽  
Donald T. Campbell ◽  
Robert Olby ◽  
Nils Roll-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Mendelian Genetics

scholarly journals Hyperbolic Numbers in Modeling Genetic Phenomena

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Petoukhov
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Hyperbolic Numbers ◽  
Matrix Representations ◽  
Doubly Stochastic ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Cooperative Organization ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The article is devoted to applications of 2-dimensional hyperbolic numbers and their algebraic 2n-dimensional extensions in modeling some genetic and cultural phenomena. Mathematical properties of hyperbolic numbers and their bisymmetric matrix representations are described in a connection with their application to analyze the following structures: alphabets of DNA nucleobases; inherited phyllotaxis phenomena; Punnett squares in Mendelian genetics; the psychophysical Weber-Fechner law; long literary Russian texts (in their special binary representations). New methods of algebraic analysis of the harmony of musical works are proposed, taking into account the innate predisposition of people to music. The hypothesis is put forward that sets of eigenvectors of matrix representations of basis units of 2n-dimensional hyperbolic numbers play an important role in transmitting biological information. A general hyperbolic rule regarding the oligomer cooperative organization of different genomes is described jointly with its quantum-information model. Besides, the hypothesis about some analog of the Weber-Fechner law for sequences of spikes in single nerve fibers is formulated. The proposed algebraic approach is connected with the theme of the grammar of biology and applications of bisymmetric doubly stochastic matrices. Applications of hyperbolic numbers reveal hidden interrelations between structures of different biological and physical phenomena. They lead to new approaches in mathematical modeling genetic phenomena and innate biological structures.

scholarly journals The mitochondrial paradigm for cardiovascular disease susceptibility and cellular function: a complementary concept to Mendelian genetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Krzywanski ◽  
Douglas R Moellering ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Kimberly J Dunham-Snary ◽  
Melissa J Sammy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Mendelian Genetics

Lay understanding of mendelian genetics

Endeavour ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Lay Understanding

The genetic framework of plant breeding

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1062) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Biometrical Genetics ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Random Samples

The phenotypic variation that the breeder must manipulate to produce improved genotypes typically contains contributions from both heritable and non-heritable sources as well as from interactions between them. The totality of this variation can be understood only in terms of a methodology such as that of biometrical genetics - an extension of classical Mendelian genetics that retains all of its analytical, interpretative and predictive powers but only in respect of the net or summed effects of all contributing gene loci. In biometrical genetics the statistics that describe the phenotypic distributions are themselves completely described by heritable components based on the known types of gene action and interaction in combination with nonheritable components defined by the statistical properties of the experimental design. Biometrical genetics provides a framework for investigating the genetical basis and justification for current plant breeding strategies that are typified by the production of F 1 hybrids at one extreme and recombinant inbred lines at the other. From the early generations of a cross it can extract estimates of the heritable components of the phenotypic distributions that provide all the information required to interpret the cause of F 1 heterosis and predict the properties of any generation that can subsequently be derived from the cross. Applications to crosses in experimental and crop species show that true overdominance is not a cause of F 1 heterosis, although spurious overdominance arising from linkage disequilibria and non-allelic interactions can be. Predictions of the phenotypic distributions and ranges of recombinant inbred lines that should be extractable from these crosses are confirmed by observations made on random samples of inbred families produced from them by single seed descent. Within these samples, recombinant inbred lines superior to existing inbred lines and their F 1 hybrids are observed with the predicted frequencies.

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