scholarly journals Aversive stimulation and the laughter response

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Main ◽  
Ralph J. Schillace
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Stimulation

Transituational resistance to the effects of aversive stimulation.

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (2, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Terris ◽  
Dwight German ◽  
Russell Enzie
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Stimulation

Reactions to punishment determined by infant experience with aversive stimulation.

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest L. Abel ◽  
Gary C. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Stimulation

Human Motor Responses to Simultaneous Aversive Stimulation and Failure on a Valued Task

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Pahlavan ◽  
Philippe Bonnet ◽  
Daniel Duda
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Aversive Stimulation ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aggressive Reactions

The effects of presentation of an aversive stimulus and simultaneous failure on a bogus intelligence test upon a subject's aggressive reactions were studied. The subject's fist clenching was used as an indicator of aggression. Four conditions, generated by the combinations of two kinds of stimulus delivered to the subjects (aversive or nonaversive) and two outcomes of the task (failure or success), were investigated. 20 female and 20 male students (ages: 17–34 years) were instructed, upon the reception of an aversive or nonaversive acoustic signal, to press with the right hand a device that displayed a slide. Each slide presented an item from an intelligence test, to which the subjects were either allowed to answer successfully (success) or not (failure). Failure increased the subject's autonomic arousal, as measured by photoplethysmographic sensors, in all stimulation conditions, but only the condition with aversive stimulation increased the speed of clenching. This was interpreted as indicating subject's tendencies to aggression. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of frustration.

scholarly journals Glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal populations in the dorsolateral Periacqueductual Gray have different functional roles in fear conditioning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Montardy ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Zhuogui Lei ◽  
Pengyu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Aversive Stimulation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Midbrain Structure ◽  
Virus Tracing

AbstractIt is though that only a subset of brain structures can encode emotional states. This can be investigated though a set of properties, including the ability of neurons to respond to a conditioned stimulus (CS) preceding an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). The dorsolateral periacqueductal gray (dPAG) is a midbrain structure though to have an essential role in coordinating defensive behaviors in response to aversive stimulation. But its ability of dPAG neurons to encode a CS following fear conditioning as not been sufficiently studied.Here we used calcium imaging by fiber photometry to record the activity of dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ neuronal populations during unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimulation. Then, following an unconditioned stimulation we performed a retrieval experiment to quantify memory-like responses of dPAG neurons. This shown that whilst both dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ neuronal populations respond to direct US stimulation, and to CS stimulation during conditioning, only the dPAGVGluT2+ population persisted in responding to the CS stimulation during retrieval. Finally, to better understand dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ connectivity patterns, we performed a cell specific monosynaptic retrograde rabies virus tracing experiment. This revealed that different patterns of fibers projects to dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+, further complementing our recording showing divergences between PAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ populations.

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