scholarly journals Associative symmetry: VI. The effect of varying the interstimulus interval upon backward learning during classical conditioning

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Leonard Brosgole ◽  
Fred C. Annicelli
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Associative Symmetry

AN ATTRACTOR NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

1996 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO D. SERULNIK ◽  
MOSHE GUR
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Forward Conditioning ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Conditioning Process

Living beings learn to associate known stimuli that exhibit specific temporal correlations. This kind of learning is called associative learning, and the process by which animals change their responses according to the schedule of arriving stimuli is called “classical conditioning”. In this paper, a conditionable neural network which exhibits features like forward conditioning, dependency on the interstimulus interval, and absence of backward and reverse conditioning is presented. An asymmetric neural network was used and its ability to retrieve a sequence of embedded patterns using a single recalling input was exploited. The main assumption was that synapses that respond with different time constants coexist in the system. These synapses induce transitions between different embedded patterns. The appearance of a correct transition when only the first stimulus is applied, is interpreted as a realization of the conditioning process. The model also allows the analytical description of the conditioning process in terms of internal and external or researcher-controlled variables.

scholarly journals Two-phase model analysis of the effects of interstimulus interval and masking task in human aversive classical conditioning

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Prokasy ◽  
William C. Williams ◽  
William Y. M. Lee ◽  
Karol L. Kumpfer
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aversive Classical Conditioning

Time estimation and the interstimulus interval function in classical conditioning.

1972 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J. Teller ◽  
Richard Dieter ◽  
Milton D. Suboski
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Interval Function

Heart-Rate Conditioning in Rats as a Function of Interstimulus Interval

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Glen K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Theory ◽  
Temporal Gradient ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Heart Rate Conditioning ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning

Classical aversive conditioning of heart rate in rats was studied using a 2 × 6 factorial design involving comparisons of trace and delayed conditioning procedures and six CS-US intervals (.0, .1, .3, .5, 1.0, and 6.0 sec.). Positive evidence of decelerative HR CRs was obtained at the .5, 1.0 and 6.0 ISIs, with maximum conditioning occurring at the 6.0 value. The results supported a modified version of the temporal gradient of reinforcement theory of classical conditioning. Problems relating to the separation of true CRs from nonassociative reactions to the CS were also discussed.

Effect of Interstimulus Interval on Pairing-Induced LTP ofAplysia Sensorimotor Synapses in Cell Culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Lin ◽  
David L. Glanzman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Temporal Specificity ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Single Bout

Lin, Xiang Y. and David L. Glanzman. Effect of interstimulus interval on pairing-induced LTP of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 667–674, 1997. Long-term potentiation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses (apLTP) can be induced in Hebbian fashion by pairing brief tetanic stimulation of the sensory neuron with depolarization of the motor neuron. It has been proposed that Hebbian apLTP plays a significant role in classical conditioning of the defensive withdrawal reflex of Aplysia. However, as originally demonstrated, Hebbian apLTP is induced by simultaneous pairing of sensory neuron stimulation and motor neuron depolarization, whereas in the Aplysia classical conditioning paradigm the onset of the conditioned stimulus (CS) precedes the onset of the unconditioned stimulus (US) by 0.5 s. Therefore, if Hebbian apLTP does indeed mediate classical conditioning in Aplysia, temporally offset delivery of presynaptic stimulation and postsynaptic depolarization must be able to support apLTP. To ascertain whether temporally offset pre- and postsynaptic stimuli can support apLTP, we varied the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the onset of presynaptic tetanus and the onset of postsynaptic depolarization. In the first set of experiments we determined the amount of potentiation that results from varying the temporal interval between the onset of a single presynaptic tetanus and the onset of a single bout of postsynaptic depolarization. The ISI between the onset of the two stimuli ranged from 0.0 to 5.0 s. Significant apLTP was obtained with ISIs of 0.0 and 0.5 s, but the amount of potentiation was independent of the order in which the presynaptic and postsynaptic stimuli were delivered. Because classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex in Aplysia is dependent on the temporal order of the CS and US, in a second set of experiments we compared the efficacy of forward and backward pairing of pre- and postsynaptic stimulation with the use of a conditioning-like protocol. Forward pairing and backward pairing (0.5-s ISI) yielded equal amounts of apLTP. These data raise questions for the hypothesis that Hebbian apLTP mediates classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Our results indicate that Hebbian apLTP alone cannot fully account for classical conditioning in Aplysia. An additional cellular mechanism is required to explain the temporal specificity present in the behavioral results.

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