scholarly journals Information processing of olfactory stimuli by the dog: I. The acquisition and retention of four odor-pair discriminations

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Lubow ◽  
M. Kahn ◽  
R. Frommer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Odor Pair ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

Modulation of Olfactory Information Processing in the Antennal Lobe ofManduca sextaby Serotonin

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2077-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dacks ◽  
T. A. Christensen ◽  
J. G. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Response Thresholds ◽  
Dose Response Function

The nervous system copes with variability in the external and internal environment by using neuromodulators to adjust the efficacy of neural circuits. The role of serotonin (5HT) as a neuromodulator of olfactory information processing in the antennal lobe (AL) of Manduca sexta was examined using multichannel extracellular electrodes to record the responses of ensembles of AL neurons to olfactory stimuli. In one experiment, the effects of 5HT on the concentration-response functions for two essential plant oils across a range of stimulus intensities were examined. In a second experiment, the effect of 5HT on the ability of ensembles to discriminate odorants from different chemical classes was examined. Bath application of 5HT enhanced AL unit responses by increasing response duration and firing rate, which in turn increased the amount of spike time cross-correlation and -covariance between pairs of units. 5HT had the greatest effect on overall ensemble activation at higher odorant concentrations, resulting in an increase in the gain of the dose-response function of individual units. Additionally, response thresholds shifted to lower odorant concentrations for some units, suggesting that 5HT increased their sensitivity. Serotonin enhanced ensemble discrimination of different concentrations of individual odorants as well as discrimination of structurally dissimilar odors at the same concentration. Given the known circadian fluctuations of 5HT in the AL of this species, these findings support the hypothesis that 5HT periodically enhances sensitivity and responsiveness in the AL of Manduca to maximize efficiency when the requirement for olfactory acuity is the greatest.

Information processing during sleep: the effect of olfactory stimuli on dream content and dream emotions

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SCHREDL ◽  
DESISLAVA ATANASOVA ◽  
KARL HÖRMANN ◽  
JOACHIM T. MAURER ◽  
THOMAS HUMMEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Dream Emotions

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Hostility and Perceptions of Support in Ambiguous Social Interactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Vranceanu ◽  
Linda C. Gallo ◽  
Laura M. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Information Processing Bias

The present study investigated whether a social information processing bias contributes to the inverse association between trait hostility and perceived social support. A sample of 104 undergraduates (50 men) completed a measure of hostility and rated videotaped interactions in which a speaker disclosed a problem while a listener reacted ambiguously. Results showed that hostile persons rated listeners as less friendly and socially supportive across six conversations, although the nature of the hostility effect varied by sex, target rated, and manner in which support was assessed. Hostility and target interactively impacted ratings of support and affiliation only for men. At least in part, a social information processing bias could contribute to hostile persons' perceptions of their social networks.

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