scholarly journals The spacing effect in preschool children’s free recall of pictures and words

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Toppino
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Pictures And Words

Limitations to the Spacing Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Learning Condition

Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when the interrepetition interval increases. To explain the spacing effect in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward that combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication of this model is that free recall of repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with interrepetition spacing. To demonstrate the suggested relationship an experiment was conducted. Participants studied a word list, consisting of items repeated at different interrepetition intervals, either under incidental or under intentional learning instructions. Subsequently, participants received a free-recall test. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped relationship between free recall and interrepetition spacing in both the incidental-learning condition and the intentional-learning condition. Moreover, for intentionally learned repetitions, the maximum free-recall performance was located at a longer interrepetition interval than for incidentally learned repetitions. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two-factor model of spacing effects in free-recall tasks.

scholarly journals The spacing effect in the free recall of homogeneous lists: Present and accounted for

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Toppino ◽  
Yoko Hara ◽  
Jessica Hackman
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect

Developmental Effects on Free Recall of Grouping Pictures and Words

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Joseph ◽  
Ronald F. Waln ◽  
David R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Pictures And Words

The spacing effect in immediate and delayed free recall

Memory ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata R. Godbole ◽  
Peter F. Delaney ◽  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect

scholarly journals MEMORY FOR PICTURES AND WORDS AFTER A NATURAL DISASTER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Katie E Cherry ◽  
Katelyn McKneely ◽  
Quyen Nguyen ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect ◽  
Hurricanes Katrina And Rita ◽  
Disaster Exposure

Abstract The pictorial superiority effect (PSE) is the finding that memory for pictures exceeds that of memory for matching words for people of all ages (Cherry et al., 2012). We examined free recall of line drawings and matching words in adults enrolled in the LSU Flood Study, an interdisciplinary study of disaster stress and cognition. We tested the hypothesis that disaster stress would be associated with deficits in memory for pictures and words. Participants were sampled from a three-parish (county) region of Baton Rouge, LA that was severely devastated by the 2016 flood (N = 202, age range: 18-88 years). They received multiple tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; Nasreddine et al., 2005), and self-report measures of executive function and functional impairment (Barkley, 2011). Three groups were compared: (1) non-flooded adults as controls, (2) once-flooded adults with structural damage to homes and property in 2016, and (3) twice-flooded adults who had relocated to Baton Rouge because of catastrophic losses in Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and flooded again in 2016. Results yielded a PSE in free recall for all disaster exposure groups (p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses by age group revealed that older adults showed the same memorial advantage of pictures relative to words as did their younger counterparts across all disaster exposure groups. These results imply that single and multiple disaster exposures do not appear to disrupt cognition assessed with traditional, laboratory-based measures. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award Number 1708090).

Forgetting and the Spacing Effect in Free Recall

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Delaney ◽  
Namrata R. Godbole ◽  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Yoojin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect
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