scholarly journals The spacing effect in the free recall of homogeneous lists: Present and accounted for

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Toppino ◽  
Yoko Hara ◽  
Jessica Hackman
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect

Limitations to the Spacing Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Learning Condition

Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when the interrepetition interval increases. To explain the spacing effect in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward that combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication of this model is that free recall of repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with interrepetition spacing. To demonstrate the suggested relationship an experiment was conducted. Participants studied a word list, consisting of items repeated at different interrepetition intervals, either under incidental or under intentional learning instructions. Subsequently, participants received a free-recall test. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped relationship between free recall and interrepetition spacing in both the incidental-learning condition and the intentional-learning condition. Moreover, for intentionally learned repetitions, the maximum free-recall performance was located at a longer interrepetition interval than for incidentally learned repetitions. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two-factor model of spacing effects in free-recall tasks.

The spacing effect in immediate and delayed free recall

Memory ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata R. Godbole ◽  
Peter F. Delaney ◽  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect

Forgetting and the Spacing Effect in Free Recall

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Delaney ◽  
Namrata R. Godbole ◽  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Yoojin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Spacing Effect

Spacing Effect in Free Recall as an Obligatory Phenomenon

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1321-1322
Author(s):  
James D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Spacing Interval

Theories of human memory which stress the importance of optional study processes predict that the spacing of repetitions will affect the free recall of twice-presented words only under intentional learning. The present investigation, involving 36 subjects, compared the “spacing effect” obtained with incidental learning to that obtained with intentional learning. That the level of free recall increased as a positive function of the spacing interval under both types of learning upheld hypotheses which attribute the spacing phenomenon to obligatory, or automatic, processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document