scholarly journals The pictorial superiority effect in recognition memory

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Gay Snodgrass ◽  
Anthony Asiaghi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect

The Blocked-Random Effect in Pictures and Words

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Toglia ◽  
Philip J. Hinman ◽  
Bradley S. Dayton ◽  
John F. Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect ◽  
Better Than

Picture and word recall was examined in conjunction with list organization. 60 subjects studied a list of 30 items, either words or their pictorial equivalents. The 30 words/pictures, members of five conceptual categories, each represented by six exemplars, were presented either blocked by category or in a random order. While pictures were recalled better than words and a standard blocked-random effect was observed, the interaction indicated that the recall advantage of a blocked presentation was restricted to the word lists. A similar pattern emerged for clustering. These findings are discussed in terms of limitations upon the pictorial superiority effect.

scholarly journals MEMORY FOR PICTURES AND WORDS AFTER A NATURAL DISASTER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Katie E Cherry ◽  
Katelyn McKneely ◽  
Quyen Nguyen ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect ◽  
Hurricanes Katrina And Rita ◽  
Disaster Exposure

Abstract The pictorial superiority effect (PSE) is the finding that memory for pictures exceeds that of memory for matching words for people of all ages (Cherry et al., 2012). We examined free recall of line drawings and matching words in adults enrolled in the LSU Flood Study, an interdisciplinary study of disaster stress and cognition. We tested the hypothesis that disaster stress would be associated with deficits in memory for pictures and words. Participants were sampled from a three-parish (county) region of Baton Rouge, LA that was severely devastated by the 2016 flood (N = 202, age range: 18-88 years). They received multiple tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; Nasreddine et al., 2005), and self-report measures of executive function and functional impairment (Barkley, 2011). Three groups were compared: (1) non-flooded adults as controls, (2) once-flooded adults with structural damage to homes and property in 2016, and (3) twice-flooded adults who had relocated to Baton Rouge because of catastrophic losses in Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and flooded again in 2016. Results yielded a PSE in free recall for all disaster exposure groups (p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses by age group revealed that older adults showed the same memorial advantage of pictures relative to words as did their younger counterparts across all disaster exposure groups. These results imply that single and multiple disaster exposures do not appear to disrupt cognition assessed with traditional, laboratory-based measures. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award Number 1708090).

scholarly journals Picture Superiority Doubly Dissociates the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Curran ◽  
Jeanne Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Picture Superiority Effect ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Picture Superiority

Two experiments investigated the processes underlying the picture superiority effect on recognition memory. Studied pictures were associated with higher accuracy than studied words, regardless of whether test stimuli were words (Experiment 1) or pictures (Experiment 2). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded during test suggested that the 300–500 msec FN400 old/new effect, hypothesized to be related to familiarity-based recognition, benefited from study/test congruity, such that it was larger when study and test format remained constant than when they differed. The 500–800 msec parietal old/new effect, hypothesized to be related to recollection, benefited from studying pictures, regardless of test format. The parallel between the accuracy and parietal ERP results suggests that picture superiority may arise from encoding the distinctive attributes of pictures in a manner that enhances their later recollection. Furthermore, when words were tested, opposite effects of studying words versus studying pictures were observed on the FN400 (word > picture) versus parietal (picture > word) old/new effects—providing strong evidence for a crossover interaction between these components that is consistent with a dual-process perspective.

scholarly journals Semantic encoding enhances the pictorial superiority effect in the oldest-old*

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Cherry ◽  
Jennifer Silva Brown ◽  
Erin Jackson Walker ◽  
Emily A. Smitherman ◽  
Emily O. Boudreaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Semantic Encoding ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect

Pictorial superiority effect.

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Nelson ◽  
Valerie S. Reed ◽  
John R. Walling
Keyword(s):  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Pictorial Superiority Effect

scholarly journals Reversing the picture superiority effect: A speed—accuracy trade-off study of recognition memory

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Boldini ◽  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
Sahiba Punia ◽  
S. E. Avons
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Picture Superiority Effect ◽  
Picture Superiority ◽  
Speed Accuracy

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

Perceptual Effects and Recollective Experience in Face Recognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisanthi Nega
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Perceptual Fluency ◽  
Recollective Experience ◽  
Trace Strength ◽  
Size Congruency

Abstract. Four experiments were conducted investigating the effect of size congruency on facial recognition memory, measured by remember, know and guess responses. Different study times were employed, that is extremely short (300 and 700 ms), short (1,000 ms), and long times (5,000 ms). With the short study time (1,000 ms) size congruency occurred in knowing. With the long study time the effect of size congruency occurred in remembering. These results support the distinctiveness/fluency account of remembering and knowing as well as the memory systems account, since the size congruency effect that occurred in knowing under conditions that facilitated perceptual fluency also occurred independently in remembering under conditions that facilitated elaborative encoding. They do not support the idea that remember and know responses reflect differences in trace strength.

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