More retrospective reports on event-frequency judgments: Shift from multiple traces to strength factor with age

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Strength Factor ◽  
Event Frequency ◽  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Retrospective Reports

scholarly journals Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Retrospective Assessments of the Quality of Childhood Parenting: Prospective Evidence From Infancy to Age 26 Years

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097577
Author(s):  
Marissa D. Nivison ◽  
Deborah Lowe Vandell ◽  
Cathryn Booth-LaForce ◽  
Glenn I. Roisman
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parent Reports ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Childhood Parenting ◽  
Family Closeness

Retrospective self-report assessments of adults’ childhood experiences with their parents are widely employed in psychological science, but such assessments are rarely validated against actual parenting experiences measured during childhood. Here, we leveraged prospectively acquired data characterizing mother–child and father–child relationship quality using observations, parent reports, and child reports covering infancy through adolescence. At age 26 years, approximately 800 participants completed a retrospective measure of maternal and paternal emotional availability during childhood. Retrospective reports of childhood emotional availability demonstrated weak convergence with composites reflecting prospectively acquired observations ( R2s = .01–.05) and parent reports ( R2s = .02–.05) of parenting quality. Retrospective parental availability was more strongly associated with prospective assessments of child-reported parenting quality ( R2s = .24–.25). However, potential sources of bias (i.e., depressive symptoms and family closeness and cohesiveness at age 26 years) accounted for more variance in retrospective reports (39%–40%) than did prospective measures (26%), suggesting caution when using retrospective reports of childhood caregiving quality as a proxy for prospective data.

Sleep Behaviors in Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease: Associations With Caregiver Sleep and Affect

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097924
Author(s):  
Molly A. Mather ◽  
Holly B. Laws ◽  
Jasmine S. Dixon ◽  
Rebecca E. Ready ◽  
Anna M. Akerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Sleep Behaviors

Poor sleep in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common stressor for family caregivers. Retrospective reports support associations between sleep disturbance in persons with AD and worse caregiver mood; however, prospective associations between sleep in persons with AD and caregiver outcomes have not been studied. The current study determined associations between affect and sleep of persons with AD and their caregivers using daily diary data. Multilevel mediation models indicated that sleep in persons with AD is linked to caregiver affect; furthermore, these associations are mediated by sleep characteristics in caregivers and affect in persons with AD. Daily fluctuations in sleep behaviors in persons with AD—rather than average values—were most strongly associated with caregiver outcomes. Interventions to improve sleep in persons with AD may decrease their negative affect and improve caregiver mood.

Quantifying uncertainty in changes in extreme event frequency in response to doubled CO2 using a large ensemble of GCM simulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Barnett ◽  
Simon J. Brown ◽  
James M. Murphy ◽  
David M. H. Sexton ◽  
Mark J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Event Frequency ◽  
Quantifying Uncertainty

Higher Rates of Victimization to Physical Abuse by Adults Found among Victims of School Bullying

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaj Björkqvist ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Petra Berg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Retrospective Reports

Retrospective reports of exposure to physical abuse by an adult during childhood was assessed in 874 adolescents (426 boys, 448 girls; M age = 11.5 yr., SD = 0.8) who also reported whether they had been victimized by school bullying. Having been hit by an adult was significantly more common among victims of school bullying (39.5%) than among adolescents not victimized by school bullying (16.8%). No sex difference was found. The finding raises questions about whether victimization by physical abuse puts a child at greater risk for developing a “victim personality.”

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