scholarly journals Retrospective reports on frequency judgments

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Retrospective Reports

scholarly journals Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Retrospective Assessments of the Quality of Childhood Parenting: Prospective Evidence From Infancy to Age 26 Years

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097577
Author(s):  
Marissa D. Nivison ◽  
Deborah Lowe Vandell ◽  
Cathryn Booth-LaForce ◽  
Glenn I. Roisman
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parent Reports ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Childhood Parenting ◽  
Family Closeness

Retrospective self-report assessments of adults’ childhood experiences with their parents are widely employed in psychological science, but such assessments are rarely validated against actual parenting experiences measured during childhood. Here, we leveraged prospectively acquired data characterizing mother–child and father–child relationship quality using observations, parent reports, and child reports covering infancy through adolescence. At age 26 years, approximately 800 participants completed a retrospective measure of maternal and paternal emotional availability during childhood. Retrospective reports of childhood emotional availability demonstrated weak convergence with composites reflecting prospectively acquired observations ( R2s = .01–.05) and parent reports ( R2s = .02–.05) of parenting quality. Retrospective parental availability was more strongly associated with prospective assessments of child-reported parenting quality ( R2s = .24–.25). However, potential sources of bias (i.e., depressive symptoms and family closeness and cohesiveness at age 26 years) accounted for more variance in retrospective reports (39%–40%) than did prospective measures (26%), suggesting caution when using retrospective reports of childhood caregiving quality as a proxy for prospective data.

Sleep Behaviors in Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease: Associations With Caregiver Sleep and Affect

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097924
Author(s):  
Molly A. Mather ◽  
Holly B. Laws ◽  
Jasmine S. Dixon ◽  
Rebecca E. Ready ◽  
Anna M. Akerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Sleep Behaviors

Poor sleep in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common stressor for family caregivers. Retrospective reports support associations between sleep disturbance in persons with AD and worse caregiver mood; however, prospective associations between sleep in persons with AD and caregiver outcomes have not been studied. The current study determined associations between affect and sleep of persons with AD and their caregivers using daily diary data. Multilevel mediation models indicated that sleep in persons with AD is linked to caregiver affect; furthermore, these associations are mediated by sleep characteristics in caregivers and affect in persons with AD. Daily fluctuations in sleep behaviors in persons with AD—rather than average values—were most strongly associated with caregiver outcomes. Interventions to improve sleep in persons with AD may decrease their negative affect and improve caregiver mood.

Higher Rates of Victimization to Physical Abuse by Adults Found among Victims of School Bullying

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaj Björkqvist ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Petra Berg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Retrospective Reports

Retrospective reports of exposure to physical abuse by an adult during childhood was assessed in 874 adolescents (426 boys, 448 girls; M age = 11.5 yr., SD = 0.8) who also reported whether they had been victimized by school bullying. Having been hit by an adult was significantly more common among victims of school bullying (39.5%) than among adolescents not victimized by school bullying (16.8%). No sex difference was found. The finding raises questions about whether victimization by physical abuse puts a child at greater risk for developing a “victim personality.”

Juvenile Delinquency and the Social Development Model: The Retrospective Accounts of Homeless Substance Abusers

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Stephanie W. Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drug Involvement

Teens involved with drugs and engaged in delinquent behavior lessen their life chances. This article examines the relationship between early illicit drug exposure, delinquency, and subsequent adult experience through the life history accounts of 31 men who are homeless drug addicts today. The men's retrospective reports link personal history and social circumstance to describe common pathways associated with and emerging from adolescent delinquency and drug involvement. Their accounts, framed within the social development model, indicate that the life chances of teens at risk might improve if policy-based solutions and interventions target and ameliorate contextual and interpersonal risk factors interfering with the accumulation of social capital.

Misperceptions of Friendly Behavior as Sexual Interest: A Survey of Naturally Occurring Incidents

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Sexual Intent ◽  
The Individual

The studies described in this article examine retrospective reports of naturally occurring misperceptions of friendliness as sexual interest. Previous research has demonstrated that men perceive other people and situations more sexually than women do. The purpose of this research was to examine how this gender difference in perceptions of sexuality is exhibited in actual interactions between women and men. Two surveys of undergraduates were conducted. The results indicated that a large percentage of both women and men had experienced such misperceptions, although more women had than men. Most of these incidents were quickly resolved without problems; however, others involved some degree of forced sexual activity and left the individual feeling angry, humiliated, and depressed. Gender differences in the characteristics of these incidents and reactions to them are described. The implications of these findings for future research on gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent are discussed.

Co-Sleeping: Gender Differences in College Students' Retrospective Reports of Sleeping with Parents during Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1423-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Billingham ◽  
Shannon Zentall
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Younger Age

161 women and 111 men, Caucasian college students, provided retrospective information about their patterns of sleeping during childhood. The practice of co-sleeping was common, with 33.7% reporting that they co-slept in their parents' room during their first week after birth, 29.4% during the first month after birth, and 27.5% during their second month after birth. In addition, 6.3% of women and 11.9% of men reported that they co-slept during the entire first year after birth. Finally, a sex-specific pattern of co-sleeping was found with more women reporting that they co-slept with their parents during their first week and first month after birth, but a greater percentage of men than women reported that they co-slept with their parents at older ages. It appears that girls are removed from the parents' room at a younger age and more frequently than are boys.

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