scholarly journals Lateral cerebral peduncle lesions: Amnestie effects on a visual habit in the rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thompson ◽  
Samuel N. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Visual Habit

scholarly journals A Case of Anterior Choroidal Artery Occlusion and Stroke Secondary to External Compression

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Satya Narayana Patro ◽  
Khawaja Hassan Haroon ◽  
Khansabegum Tamboli ◽  
Abdulaziz Zafar ◽  
Suhail Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Anterior Choroidal Artery ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Choroidal Artery

The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is a small artery commonly arising from the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The significance of the AChA is related to its strategic supply to various important structures of the brain, such as the optic tract, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle, the lateral geniculate body, medial temporal lobe, medial area of pallidum, and the choroid plexus [<i>J Neurol</i>. 1988;235:387–91]. The AChA syndrome in its complete form consists of the triad of hemiplegia, hemisensory loss, and hemianopia. However, incomplete forms are more frequent in clinical practice [<i>Stroke</i>. 1994;25:837–42]. Isolated infarction in the AChA territory is relatively rare. The presumed pathogenic mechanisms of AChA infarction are cardiac emboli, large-vessel atherosclerosis, dissection of the ICA, small-vessel occlusion, or other determined or undetermined causes [<i>Stroke</i>. 1994;25:837–42 and <i>J Neurol Sci</i>. 2009;281:80–4].

Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Right Cerebral Peduncle: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Beauchesne ◽  
Jean-François Mosnier ◽  
Thierry Schmitt ◽  
Jacques Brunon
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Schwannomas occurring in the neuraxis are very rare. Usually, these tumors are benign. Primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumors are extremely rare, with only five documented cases in the international literature. We report one case of a primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor occurring in the right cerebral peduncle of a 35-year-old man. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous peripherally enhancing mass of the right cerebral peduncle, surrounded by a small edema. INTERVENTION Unlike the five cases previously reported, this is the first time a stereotactic biopsy has been performed, and this is the only patient who responded to cranial radiation therapy for approximately 2 years. When the tumor recurred, a systemic chemotherapy treatment was prescribed. No positive response was seen, and the patient died 29 months after the initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION An accurate diagnosis and planned aggressive treatment seem to be the key elements in the management of the disease.

Haemiballism/haemichorea: an atypical presentation of ischaemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e240439
Author(s):  
Raman Nohria ◽  
Stacey Bennett ◽  
Yasmin Ali O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Ct Head ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distressing Condition

A 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of involuntary movements of the left side of his body. His neurological examination revealed he was oriented only to himself, and aforementioned movements of his left arm and leg. CT head demonstrated old infarcts in his right aspect of his pons and basal ganglia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. He initially had a normal blood glucose with an elevated anion gap and elevated creatine kinase. Brain MRI showed a small lacunar-type ischaemic infarct within the anteromedial aspect of the right cerebral peduncle, which localised to his haemiballism. To prevent worsening rhabdomyolysis associated with his haemiballism, the primary team initiated both tetrabenazine and diazepam. His movements improved after 1 week of medication therapy. This report discusses a thorough workup for this movement disorder and when to intervene for this distressing condition.

Structure-function relationships in the primate superior colliculus. I. Morphological classification of efferent neurons

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Moschovakis ◽  
A. B. Karabelas ◽  
S. M. Highstein
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Dendritic Trees ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Recurrent Collaterals ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) of anesthetized paralyzed squirrel monkeys were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to establish a morphological classification of tectal efferent neurons in this species. These neurons were physiologically identified by their antidromic responses following stimulation of the contralateral predorsal bundle or SC. These cells also responded with postsynaptic potentials to stimulation of the ipsilateral substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle and the contralateral tectum. 2. Quantitative light microscopic analysis of the somatodendritic profiles and axonal trajectories of 27 recovered cells revealed the existence of three major groups of tectal efferent neurons: L (n = 7), X (n = 8), and T (n = 12). 3. L neurons are small or medium size cells with relatively elaborate dendritic trees and are located mainly in the superficial layers of the SC. They participate in the ipsilateral descending and dorsal ascending tectofugal bundles. Intrinsic collaterals of L axons deploy a large number of boutons both near the parent cell body and more ventrally within the deeper tectal layers. 4. X neurons are mostly large in size and multipolar in shape with relatively complex dendritic trees. Their cell bodies are situated mainly in the stratum griseum intermedium and occasionally in the stratum opticum. Axons of X neurons participate in the crossed descending and ipsilateral ventral ascending projections of the SC. In addition, the axonal system of about half of the X neurons includes recurrent collaterals. 5. T neurons are located mainly in the ventral stratum opticum and the dorsal stratum griseum intermedium. They have small or medium-sized, trapezoid or ovoid cell bodies and relatively simple radiating or vertical dendritic trees. Their axons usually participate in two of the major tectofugal bundles besides providing a commissural component and recurrent collaterals. 6. Morphological details revealed in the present study support the notion that distinct tectofugal axonal systems originate from efferent neurons of the primate SC that differ both as to their location in the tectum as well as the appearance of their somata and dendritic trees. The resulting morphological classification of tectal efferent cells provides a framework for the analysis of tectal function in terms of populations of identified neurons.

Are Anesthesia and Surgery during Infancy Associated with Decreased White Matter Integrity and Volume during Childhood?

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Block ◽  
Vincent A. Magnotta ◽  
Emine O. Bayman ◽  
James Y. Choi ◽  
Joss J. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetics have neurotoxic effects in neonatal animals. Relevant human evidence is limited. We sought such evidence in a structural neuroimaging study.MethodsTwo groups of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: patients who, during infancy, had one of four operations commonly performed in otherwise healthy children and comparable, nonexposed control subjects. Total and regional brain tissue composition and volume, as well as regional indicators of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), were analyzed.ResultsAnalyses included 17 patients, without potential confounding central nervous system problems or risk factors, who had general anesthesia and surgery during infancy and 17 control subjects (age ranges, 12.3 to 15.2 yr and 12.6 to 15.1 yr, respectively). Whole brain white matter volume, as a percentage of total intracranial volume, was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group, 37.3 ± 0.4% and 38.9 ± 0.4% (least squares mean ± SE), respectively, a difference of 1.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8; P = 0.016). Corresponding decreases were statistically significant for parietal and occipital lobes, infratentorium, and brainstem separately. White matter integrity was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group in superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebral peduncle, external capsule, cingulum (cingulate gyrus), and fornix (cres) and/or stria terminalis. The groups did not differ in total intracranial, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes.ConclusionsChildren who had anesthesia and surgery during infancy showed broadly distributed, decreased white matter integrity and volume. Although the findings may be related to anesthesia and surgery during infancy, other explanations are possible.

scholarly journals Microsurgical Treatment of Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm (P2P Segment): Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Lucas Meguins ◽  
Antônio Spotti ◽  
Jean de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Right

Introduction Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) represent ∼ 1% of all intracranial aneurysms and usually present with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Objective The aim of the present study is to describe the case of an adult man presenting a saccular aneurysm of the right PCA at the posterior half of the postcommunicating (P2P) segment, and to discuss the technical nuances of the approach and of the clipping process. Case Report An investigation of a chronic headache in a 55-year-old man found a saccular aneurysm located just posterior to the most lateral portion of the right cerebral peduncle. A digital subtraction arteriography revealed a 7.8 mm × 5.6 mm × 4.8 mm posterior-medial projecting aneurysm of the right PCA at the P2P segment. A subtemporal approach was performed with partial aspiration of the right parahippocampal gyrus for a better exposure of the vascular structures. A proximal temporary occlusion of the PCA was performed at the anterior half of the postcommunicating P2A segment. The aneurysm was clipped with two semi-curved clips. The patient presented an uneventful recovery and was discharged from the hospital on the third postoperative day without any additional neurological deficits. Conclusion Aneurysms of the PCA are an uncommon vascular disease that challenges the ability of the neurosurgeons due to their many anatomical nuances, to their vast number of perforators, and to the risk of bleeding. However, the operative management of aneurysms of the PCA is technically feasible, safe and effective when performed respecting microsurgical principles.

scholarly journals Declined functional connectivity of white matter during rest and working memory tasks associates with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurui Gao ◽  
Muwei Li ◽  
Anna S Huang ◽  
Adam W Anderson ◽  
Zhaohua Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia, characterized by cognitive impairments, arises from a disturbance of brain network. Pathological changes in white matter (WM) have been indicated as playing a role in disturbing neural connectivity in schizophrenia. However, deficits of functional connectivity (FC) in individual WM bundles in schizophrenia have never been explored; neither have cognitive correlates with those deficits. METHODS: Resting-state and spatial working memory task fMRI images were acquired on 67 healthy subjects and 84 patients with schizophrenia. The correlations in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals between 46 WM and 82 gray matter regions were quantified, analyzed and compared between groups under three scenarios (i.e., resting state, retention period and entire time of a spatial working memory task). Associations of FC in WM with cognitive assessment scores were evaluated for three scenarios. RESULTS: FC deficits were significant (p<.05) in external capsule, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, genu and body of corpus callosum under all three scenarios. Deficits were also present in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle in task scenario. Decreased FCs in specific WM bundles associated significantly (p<.05) with cognitive impairments in working memory, processing speed and/or cognitive control. CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in FC are evident in several WM bundles in patients with schizophrenia and are significantly associated with cognitive impairments during both rest and working memory tasks. Furthermore, working memory tasks expose FC deficits in more WM bundles and more cognitive associates in schizophrenia than resting state does.

scholarly journals RADI-06. Gamma knife surgery for brain stem metastases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii19-iii19
Author(s):  
Choo Heng Tan ◽  
Bengt Karlsson ◽  
Shilin Wang ◽  
John J Y Zhang ◽  
Yvonne Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Local Tumor Control ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Tumor Control Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction Gamma Knife Surgery (GKS) is widely used for treatment of brainstem metastases (BSMs) with or without whole bran radiation therapy (WBRT). We hypothesized that BSMs treated with GKS using lower doses and omitting WBRT result in acceptable tumor control rates and low complication rates. Methods A retrospective single center study was performed to investigate the outcome following GKS of BSMs. All 33 patients with follow-up information treated with GKS for 39 metastases located in the cerebral peduncle, midbrain, pons or medulla oblongata were included in the study. The median treatment dose, defined as the lowest dose to 95% of the tumor volume, was 18 Gy. The tumor control rate as well as the survival time were related to a number of patients, tumor and treatment parameters. Results The local tumor control rate was 100% at one year and 89% at five years, and the overall median survival was 17 months. A good performance status and a treatable extracranial disease were favorably related to survival time. Two complications were observed, one lethal hemorrhage at the day of the treatment and one transient complication three months following GKS, resulting in a 6% complication rate at five years. Four of the 10 patient with symptomatic BSM improved clinically after GKS, while six remained unchanged. Conclusions High local control and a low complication rates can be achieved using GKS for BSMs using lower doses as compared to brain metastases in other locations.

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