scholarly journals Attenuation by contextual cues of retroactive interference of a conditional discrimination in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward A. Rodriguez ◽  
Louis S. Borbely ◽  
Ronald S. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Discrimination ◽  
Retroactive Interference ◽  
Contextual Cues

scholarly journals Simple contextual cueing prevents retroactive interference in short-term perceptual training of orientation detection tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Yangming Zhang ◽  
Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Retroactive Interference ◽  
Contextual Cueing ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Orientation Experiment ◽  
Orientation Detection ◽  
And Training

Perceptual training of multiple tasks suffers from interference between the trained tasks. Here, we conducted four psychophysical experiments with separate groups of participants to investigate the possibility of preventing the interference in short-term perceptual training. We trained the participants to detect two orientations of Gabor stimuli in two adjacent days at the same retinal location and examined the interference of training effects between the two orientations. The results showed significant retroactive interference from the second orientation to the first orientation (Experiments 1 and 2). Introducing a 6-hour interval between the pre-test and training of the second orientation did not eliminate the interference effect, excluding the interpretation of disrupted reconsolidation as the pre-test of the second orientation may reactivate and destabilize the representation of the first orientation (Experiment 3). Finally, the training of the two orientations was accompanied by fixations in two colors, each served as a contextual cue for one orientation. The results showed that the retroactive interference was not evident after introducing these passively perceived contextual cues (Experiment 4). Our findings suggest that the retroactive interference effect in short-term perceptual training of orientation detection tasks was likely the result of higher-level factors such as shared contextual cues embedded in the tasks. The effect of multiple perceptual training could be facilitated by associating the trained tasks with different contextual cues.

Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Parallel Case

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.

Conditional Discrimination Learning in Octopuses

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Roy ◽  
Carrie Blakeslee ◽  
Jean Geary Boal
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Conditional Discrimination

scholarly journals Emergent categorization in the recognition of black and white paintings through conditional discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Diana Rasteli Santos ◽  
Waldir Monteiro Sampaio ◽  
Antonio Carlos Leme ◽  
Felipe Maciel dos Santos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Discrimination ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Abstract Picture ◽  
Conditional Relations

Abstract Background The emergent categorization involving paintings by renowned painters and their corresponding names was demonstrated by previous studies. However, the results of these studies suggest that the colors of the pictures may have played a preponderant role, obscuring other aspects of the stimuli that could be more directly related to the style of each painter. To verify this possibility, the present study used the same methodology of Ferreira et al. to investigate the establishment of emergent conditional relations between categories composed of black and white paintings and the names of their authors. Method The procedure consisted of the training of relations between each of the ten paintings and an abstract picture, for each of the three painters Botticelli, Monet, and Picasso. Relations between each of the three abstract figures and the printed name of one of the painters were verified in sequence. Finally, tests of relations between five trained and five untrained paintings of each artist and the printed names were conducted. Results The participants’ performance suggests that the outcome was properly controlled by aspects pertinent to the paintings that belonged to each painter’s category. Conclusions The results reinforced the data obtained previously with colored pictures, suggesting that the process of emergent categorization involving artificial categories of paintings is robust. It also indicates possibilities for future investigations, for example, using stimuli of other artistic productions, such as sculpture and music.

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