scholarly journals Apparent size, apparent depth and the Müller-Lyer illusion

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Stacye ◽  
Raymond Pike
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Size ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Lyer Illusion

Effect of Changes in Fin-Length on Apparent Shaft-Length and Depth in the Müller-Lyer Illusion

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Shaft Length ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Perspective Theory ◽  
Fin Length ◽  
Back Illuminated

Müller-Lyer figures with outgoing fins were back illuminated and apparent shaft-length and depth were both judged by 20 undergraduates. With the angle between the fins constant, progressive increases in fin-length produced first an increase in the apparent shaft-length and then a decrease. Changes in fin-length, however, had no significant effect on apparent depth. These data were interpreted as inconsistent with an account of the Müller-Lyer illusion in terms of perspective theory, since the latter predicts systematic changes in perceived shaft-length to be associated with systematic changes in perceived depth.

Depth Location of Shafts Filling Half the Space between Mueller-Lyer Fins

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Stacey ◽  
A. R. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Dark Room

Using luminous stimuli in a dark room, Ss were required to judge the apparent depth location of shafts filling half the space between the ingoing and outgoing fins of the Mueller-Lyer illusion. Under these conditions there is a reversal of the apparent depth location of the shafts as compared with the usual M-L illusion. This finding is contrary to a prediction derived from the misapplied size-constancy theory but can be interpreted in terms of the size-distance principle.

Apparent Depth and the Müller—Lyer Illusion

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Georgeson ◽  
C Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Perspective View ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Classical Size

The Müller–Lyer illusion was presented stereoscopically as either a flat or a three-dimensional figure. When the flat figure was made to appear closer or further than a comparison line, the illusion persisted along with large changes in overall size due to classical size constancy. When the fins of the figure were tilted in depth the illusion was somewhat reduced for both forward and backward tilts. It is argued that the size-constancy theory of illusions should predict an enhancement when stereopsis and the typical perspective view' reinforce each other, and abolition or reversal of the illusion when they are in opposition. These results therefore pose some problems for the theory.

The Ponzo Illusion: Inadequacy of Apparent Depth Explanations

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Robert L. Houck ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Betty A. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Ponzo Illusion ◽  
Apparent Distance ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Constancy Scaling ◽  
Distance Relationship

Os viewing the Ponzo figure reported a series of sudden changes in its phenomenal organization and orientation. In none of these was the vertical line nearer the vertex of the figure reported to be smaller than the vertical line nearer the open end, i.e., the illusion occurred with all percepts except a rare one of a flat stimulus. In two of the most frequent and persistent percepts, the illusion could be explained on the basis of apparent size-apparent distance relationship among the elements. This was also the case with Gregory's theory of misapplied size-constancy scaling. However, with other percepts neither of these explanations was tenable.

The Reversed Müller-Lyer Illusion and Figure—Ground Organization Theory

Perception ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raiten Taya ◽  
Yasuhiro Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Space Condition ◽  
Object Condition ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Focal Area ◽  
Ground Organization

When the shaft is shortened and reaches neither of the vertices of the two pairs of wings, a reversed Müller-Lyer illusion is observed: a shaft between inward-pointing wings appears to be longer than a shaft between the outward-pointing wings. In this paper it is examined whether this illusion can be explained in terms of figure—ground organization. A circle was used as the focal area, instead of a shaft or a pair of dots, so that the figure—ground character could be seen more definitely in this focal area. The apparent size of the focal circle was measured under different conditions with three variables (enclosure, wings direction, and depth). The focal circle appeared to be largest in the condition where the circle should appear most readily as a hole, ie in the single, wings-in, space condition. The circle appeared to be smallest in the condition where the circle should appear most readily as a disc, ie in the separate, wings-out, object condition. This is consistent with an explanation of the usual, as well as the reversed, Müller-Lyer illusion in terms of figure—ground organization theory.

The Apparent Size of Three-Dimensional Objects and Their Silhouettes: A Solid-Superiority Effect

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Walker ◽  
M Jill Walker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Picture Plane ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Solid Object ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Dimensional Object

A solid object looks larger than its outline or silhouette under many viewing conditions. This solid-superiority effect may result from the assimilation or confusion of visual contours within the projection of a three-dimensional object on the picture plane. An aspect of the Müller-Lyer illusion may also play a role.

Perspective Reversal Rates and Reports of an Attribute of Apparent Depth in a Flat Stimulus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1164-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Peter K. Leppmann ◽  
Betty A. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Necker Cube ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Apparent Depth

Os who reported that the 2 equal-sized faces of a Necker cube appeared to be of the same size had significantly lower perspective reversal rates than Os who reported that the “near” face appeared to be smaller than the “far” face. It was suggested that Os who failed to report an apparent size difference may fail to perceive depth in the cube and that this is reflected in their low perspective reversal rates.

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