scholarly journals Pigeons’ memory for empty time intervals marked by visual or auditory stimuli

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Santi ◽  
Lori Ross ◽  
Romina Coppa ◽  
James Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Empty Time

scholarly journals Time-Shrinking and Categorical Temporal Ratio Perception

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Ten Hoopen ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Ger Remijn ◽  
Bob Massier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Empty Time

In a previous study, we presented psychophysical evidence that time-shrinking (TS), an illusion of time perception that empty durations preceded by shorter ones can be conspicuously underestimated, gives rise to categorical perception on the temporal dimension (Sasaki, Nakajima, & ten Hoopen, 1998). In the present study, we first survey studies of categorical rhythm perception and then describe four experiments that provide further evidence that TS causes categorical perception on the temporal dimension. In the first experiment, participants judged the similarity between pairs of /t1/t2/ patterns (slashes denote short sound markers delimiting the empty time intervals t1 and t2). A cluster analysis and a scaling analysis showed that patterns liable to TS piled up in a 1:1 category. The second and third experiments are improved replications in which the sum of t1 and t2 in the /t1/t2/ patterns is kept constant at 320 ms. The results showed that the 12 patterns /115/205/, /120/200/,  . . ., /165/155/, /170/150/ formed a 1:1 category. The fourth experiment utilizes a cross-modality matching procedure to establish the subjective temporal ratio of the /t1/t2/ patterns and a 1:1 category was established containing the 11 patterns /120/200/, /125/195/,  . . ., /165/155/, /170/150/. On basis of these converging results we estimate a domain of perceived 1:1 ratios as a function of total pattern duration (t1 + t2) between 160 and 480 ms. We discuss the implications of this study for rhythm perception and production.

scholarly journals Memory for empty time intervals in pigeons

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Time Intervals ◽  
Empty Time

scholarly journals Psychomotor Functions and Interval Timing in Patients Receiving Intravenous Anesthesia for Endoscopic Procedures: The Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Płotek ◽  
Marcin Cybulski ◽  
Anna Kluzik ◽  
Małgorzata Grześkowiak ◽  
Jacek Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Psychomotor Functions ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Perception Of Time

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate two measures in a cognitive examination: psychomotor function and the perception of time (PT) in patients after intravenous anesthesia for endoscopic procedures.Material and Methods. We tested 23 anesthetized patients (Anesthesia Group, AG) and 17 not anesthetized patients (Control Group, CG). The Dufour Cross-Shaped Apparatus (DA) was used to assess quick reactions. Perception of time (PT) was measured for 1-, 2-, 5-, and 7-second intervals. The tests were performed before the anesthesia was administered and 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after the procedure was completed.Results. The intervals that were generated and the reproduced visual stimuli were shorter than the patterns. The reproduced 1- and 2-second auditory stimuli were longer than the patterns. The remaining reproduced auditory impulses were shorter than the patterns.Conclusions. In anesthetized patients, quick psychomotor reactions and the ability to time intervals are preserved 1.5 h and later after intravenous anesthesia for endoscopy.

From Filled to Empty Time Intervals: Quantifying Online Behaviors with Digital Traces

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Quan Peng ◽  
Yixin Zhou ◽  
Jonathan J. H. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Time Intervals ◽  
Empty Time

Modality-Specific Effects on Discrimination of Short Empty Time Intervals

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraga Hocherman ◽  
Gita Ben-Dov
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Empty Time

The ability of human subjects to judge the duration of short empty time intervals was studied in relation to the modality composition of the marker signals. Ac each trial, a pair of empty intervals was presented by a series of three successive stimuli, and the subject was asked to point out the longer interval of the two. Tone pips and flashes of light were used as the bounding signals. All the possible combinations of auditory and visual stimuli were used, in random order, to delimit pairs of intervals. Performance was found modality-independent when the first two stimuli were of the same modality. Strong response biases were introduced by varying the modality of the first or the second stimulus. Analysis of these biases indicates that memorization of the empty time intervals is affected by the modality of the binding signals.

Discrimination of two neighboring intra- and intermodal empty time intervals marked by three successive stimuli

2014 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Kuroda ◽  
Emi Hasuo ◽  
Katherine Labonté ◽  
Vincent Laflamme ◽  
Simon Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Time Intervals ◽  
Empty Time

Bilateral Assimilation of Two Neighboring Empty Time Intervals

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Miyauchi ◽  
Takayuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Subjective Equality ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Empty Time

In many sensory dimensions, assimilation of characteristics of perceived events can be found. In the present study, we examined whether assimilation appeared also in time perception, employing time intervals shorter than 300 ms marked by tone bursts. In Experiment 1, we measured points of subjective equality of two neighboring empty time intervals, t1 and t2. The perceived durations approached each other when the difference between t1 and t2 was small. That is, bilateral assimilation took place. In Experiment 2, we measured points of subjective equality of t1 in smaller steps and across a wider durational range than in Experiment 1. We found that t1 was overestimated slightly when it was a bit shorter than t2, and t1 was underestimated slightly when it was a bit longer than t2. The overestimation and the underestimation were considered as typical assimilation. The results also showed that the perception of t1 changed from assimilation to contrast when the difference between t1 and t2 exceeded the range -80 � t1 � t2 � 40 ms.

Influence of Phenomenal Time on Perceived Space

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Russo ◽  
A. Dellantonio
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Time ◽  
Kappa Effect

It is known from work by Helson and King that the apparent spatial distance between stimuli presented in succession depends on the time interval between those stimuli (“tau effect”). It is also known that the apparent time (i.e., the interval of time perceived between stimuli presented in succession) depends on the spatial distance between the stimuli defining the time interval (called “kappa effect” by Cohen, Hansel, and Sylvester). For the “kappa effect,” apparent time between lights and stimuli on the skin of the forearm undergoes modification depending on the apparent spatial distance, as presented in Suto's work beginning in the early 1940s. The present work is complementary to Suto's. Its purpose is to test whether apparent spatial distance depends on the objective or subjective (apparent, phenomenal) time interval. To achieve this, our crucial (third) experiment was preceded by two exploratory experiments: the first to verify the illusion in which a subdivided interval appears longer than an empty interval of the same length (Oppel-Kundt temporal illusion); the second to verify the presence of the “tau effect” with simultaneous tactual and auditory stimuli for time intervals between 1500 and 2500 msec. In the third experiment subjects received successive tactual stimuli defining two spatial distance and two time intervals. They also received auditory stimuli that produced the Oppel-Kundt illusion by making the time intervals phenomenally different. The results fill a small experimental gap by showing it is subjective (phenomenal) and not objective (physical) time that influences perceived spatial distances.

scholarly journals Abstracting time in memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie K Herbst ◽  
Izem Mangione ◽  
Tadeusz Kononowicz ◽  
Virginie van Wassenhove
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Abstract Representation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Temporal Reproduction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Empty Time

Planning the future relies on the ability to remember how long events last, yet, how durations are stored in memory is unknown. Here, we developed a novel n-item delayed duration reproduction task to assess whether elapsed time is stored as a continuous feature or as an abstract item in memory. In three experiments (N = 58), participants listened to non-rhythmic sequences composed of empty time intervals (durations), which they had to reproduce as precisely as possible following a delay period. We manipulated the number of time intervals (n-item) and the overall sequence duration to separate their effects on recall precision. The precision of temporal reproduction systematically decreased with an increasing number of items. Our results suggest that the number of time intervals, not their duration, determines recall precision. We interpret this as evidence towards an abstract representation of duration in working memory.

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