scholarly journals A lateral masking effect in tactile and blurred visual letter recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Loomis ◽  
Patricia Apkarian-Stielau
Keyword(s):  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Lateral Masking

Visual Recognition in the Peripheral Field: Letters versus Symbols and Adults versus Children

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Zegarra-Moran ◽  
Gad Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Lateral Masking ◽  
Visual Strategy ◽  
Large Size

The plot of the form-resolving field (FRF) was obtained by tachistoscopically presenting two figures in each stimulus, one in the center of gaze and the other in the peripheral field. The figures in the periphery were placed at various eccentricities in different presentations. The ensuing plot of average letter recognition as a function of eccentricity is the FRF. Only the horizontal components of the FRFs were used in the comparisons. Three sets of figures were used as stimuli: regular-size letters, large-size letters, and symbols. Three groups of subjects were compared: adult ordinary readers, reading children, and pre-reading-age children. The last were tested with symbols only. In letter recognition, the FRFs for young and adult ordinary readers are similar and fall off monotonically and symmetrically with eccentricity, hence conforming with the first Aubert—Foerster law (1857). However, the FRFs tested with symbols are narrower than those tested with letters of the same sizes and stroke widths, which is not in accordance with the first Aubert—Foerster law. In addition, the FRFs of symbols are different for each subject group. It is suggested that recognition in the peripheral field is not determined by visual acuity alone; rather, it is further confined or determined by the visual strategy employed to accomplish the task, and its associated distribution of lateral masking.

The role of font in letter recognition

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Gauthier ◽  
William G. Hayward ◽  
Chun-Nang Wong
Keyword(s):  
Letter Recognition

MASKING EFFECT OF NON-PREDICTABLE ENERGY OF IMAGE REGIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Ieremeiev ◽  
N. N. Ponomarenko ◽  
V. V. Lukin ◽  
J. T. Astola ◽  
Karen O. Egiazarian
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect

On Masking Effect

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Tambe ◽  
Paul S. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect

scholarly journals The Impact of Ambient Atmospheric Mineral-Dust Particles on the Calcification of Lungs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mariola Jabłońska ◽  
Janusz Janeczek ◽  
Beata Smieja-Król
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time, it is shown that inhaled ambient air-dust particles settled in the human lower respiratory tract induce lung calcification. Chemical and mineral compositions of pulmonary calcium precipitates in the lung right lower-lobe (RLL) tissues of 12 individuals who lived in the Upper Silesia conurbation in Poland and who had died from causes not related to a lung disorder were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas calcium salts in lungs are usually reported as phosphates, calcium salts precipitated in the studied RLL tissue were almost exclusively carbonates, specifically Mg-calcite and calcite. These constituted 37% of the 1652 mineral particles examined. Mg-calcite predominated in the submicrometer size range, with a MgCO3 content up to 50 mol %. Magnesium plays a significant role in lung mineralization, a fact so far overlooked. The calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) content in the studied RLL tissue was negligible. The predominance of carbonates is explained by the increased CO2 fugacity in the RLL. Carbonates enveloped inhaled mineral-dust particles, including uranium-bearing oxides, quartz, aluminosilicates, and metal sulfides. Three possible pathways for the carbonates precipitation on the dust particles are postulated: (1) precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), followed by its transformation to calcite; (2) precipitation of Mg-ACC, followed by its transformation to Mg-calcite; (3) precipitation of Mg-free ACC, causing a localized relative enrichment in Mg ions and subsequent heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of Mg-calcite. The actual number of inhaled dust particles may be significantly greater than was observed because of the masking effect of the carbonate coatings. There is no simple correlation between smoking habit and lung calcification.

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