On Masking Effect

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Tambe ◽  
Paul S. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect

MASKING EFFECT OF NON-PREDICTABLE ENERGY OF IMAGE REGIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Ieremeiev ◽  
N. N. Ponomarenko ◽  
V. V. Lukin ◽  
J. T. Astola ◽  
Karen O. Egiazarian
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect

scholarly journals The Impact of Ambient Atmospheric Mineral-Dust Particles on the Calcification of Lungs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mariola Jabłońska ◽  
Janusz Janeczek ◽  
Beata Smieja-Król
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time, it is shown that inhaled ambient air-dust particles settled in the human lower respiratory tract induce lung calcification. Chemical and mineral compositions of pulmonary calcium precipitates in the lung right lower-lobe (RLL) tissues of 12 individuals who lived in the Upper Silesia conurbation in Poland and who had died from causes not related to a lung disorder were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas calcium salts in lungs are usually reported as phosphates, calcium salts precipitated in the studied RLL tissue were almost exclusively carbonates, specifically Mg-calcite and calcite. These constituted 37% of the 1652 mineral particles examined. Mg-calcite predominated in the submicrometer size range, with a MgCO3 content up to 50 mol %. Magnesium plays a significant role in lung mineralization, a fact so far overlooked. The calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) content in the studied RLL tissue was negligible. The predominance of carbonates is explained by the increased CO2 fugacity in the RLL. Carbonates enveloped inhaled mineral-dust particles, including uranium-bearing oxides, quartz, aluminosilicates, and metal sulfides. Three possible pathways for the carbonates precipitation on the dust particles are postulated: (1) precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), followed by its transformation to calcite; (2) precipitation of Mg-ACC, followed by its transformation to Mg-calcite; (3) precipitation of Mg-free ACC, causing a localized relative enrichment in Mg ions and subsequent heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of Mg-calcite. The actual number of inhaled dust particles may be significantly greater than was observed because of the masking effect of the carbonate coatings. There is no simple correlation between smoking habit and lung calcification.

scholarly journals Boundary Morphology for Hierarchical Simplification of Archaeological Fragments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Hanan ElNaghy ◽  
Leo Dorst
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Morphology ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Artifacts ◽  
Scale Spaces ◽  
Extrusion Method

AbstractWhen fitting archaeological artifacts, one would like to have a representation that simplifies fragments while preserving their complementarity. In this paper, we propose to employ the scale-spaces of mathematical morphology to hierarchically simplify potentially fitting fracture surfaces. We study the masking effect when morphological operations are applied to selected subsets of objects. Since fitting locally depends on the complementarity of fractures only, we introduce ‘Boundary Morphology’ on surfaces rather than volumes. Moreover, demonstrating the Lipschitz nature of the terracotta fractures informs our novel extrusion method to compute both closing and opening operations simultaneously. We also show that in this proposed representation the effects of abrasion and uncertainty are naturally bounded, justifying the morphological approach. This work is an extension of our contribution earlier published in the proceedings of ISMM2019 [10].

Constrained optimal terrain following/threat avoidance trajectory planning using network flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (1203) ◽  
pp. 523-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zardashti ◽  
A. A. Nikkhah ◽  
M. J. Yazdanpanah
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Terrain Following ◽  
Threat Avoidance

AbstractThis paper focuses on the trajectory planning for a UAV on a low altitude terrain following/threat avoidance (TF/TA) mission. Using a grid-based approximated discretisation scheme, the continuous constrained optimisation problem into a search problem is transformed over a finite network. A variant of the Minimum Cost Network Flow (MCNF) to this problem is then applied. Based on using the Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) and discrete dynamic equations of motion, the four-dimensional (4D) trajectory (three spatial and one time dimensions) from a starting point to an end point is obtained by minimising a cost function subject to dynamic and mission constraints of the UAV. For each arc in the grid, a cost function is considered as the combination of the arc length, fuel consumption and flight time. The proposed algorithm which considers dynamic and altitude constraints of the UAV explicitly is then used to obtain the feasible trajectory. The resultant trajectory can increase the survivability of the UAV using the threat region avoidance and the terrain masking effect. After obtaining the feasible trajectory, an improved algorithm is proposed to smooth the trajectory. The numeric results are presented to verify the capability of the proposed approach to generate admissible trajectory in minimum possible time in comparison to the previous works.

Repellency of Pyrethrum and Lethane Sprays to Mosquitos

1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ribbands
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Repellent Effect

(1) Spraying of huts with 0·1 per cent. pyrethrum in kerosene, at the rate of 25 c.c. per 1,000 cubic feet, deterred 90 per cent. of A. minimus from entry on the following night. The repellent effect persisted in diminished degree for at least four days.(2) A rather larger quantity of pyrethrum, sprayed in a Freon aerosol, produced a similar but somewhat less marked effect.(3) The repellent effects of Lethane 384 in kerosene were much less marked, and not discernible on the second night.(4) Different species varied greatly in their sensitivity to the repellents.(5) Two types of repellent effects were indicated. Repellent effects proper were the most important, and males were more sensitive to these than females of the same species. There was also a masking effect, to which anthropophilic females were sensitive, which resulted from obscuring of attractive human scents by the chemical odours.

Spatially target adaptive speech masking – A pilot study on masking effect and annoyance

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 108214
Author(s):  
C.T. Justine Hui ◽  
Moeto Ikuta ◽  
Mochinobu Obata ◽  
Yusuke Hioka ◽  
Takayuki Arai
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Masking Effect

scholarly journals Interaction of Soy Protein Isolate Hydrolysates with Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside and Its Effect on the In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of the Complexes under Neutral Condition

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Yaru Wu ◽  
Zhucheng Yin ◽  
Xuejiao Qie ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Maomao Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Average Particle

The interaction of soy protein isolate (SPI) and its hydrolysates (SPIHs) with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) at pH 7.0 were investigated to clarify the changes in the antioxidant capacity of their complexes. The results of intrinsic fluorescence revealed that C3G binds to SPI/SPIHs mainly through hydrophobic interaction, and the binding affinity of SPI was stronger than that of SPIHs. Circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the interaction with C3G did not significantly change the secondary structures of SPI/SPIHs, while the surface hydrophobicity and average particle size of proteins decreased. Furthermore, the SPI/SPIHs-C3G interaction induced an antagonistic effect on the antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH) of the complex system, with the masking effect on the ABTS scavenging capacity of the SPIHs-C3G complexes being lower than that of the SPI-C3G complexes. This study contributes to the design and development of functional beverages that are rich in hydrolysates and anthocyanins.

Tanning Performance of a Novel Chrome-Free Complex Tanning Agent: Penetration and Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Ya-nan Wang ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Bi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Oxidized Starch ◽  
Novel Complex ◽  
The Cross

Penetration of tanning agent in leather plays an important role in tanning performance and properties of finished leather. A novel complex tanning agent composed of Al–Zr salts and highly-oxidized starch ligand, named TWLZ, was used for chrome-free tanning. The masking effect of highly-oxidized starch reduced the electropositivity of metal complexes, which should help penetration of TWLZ and moderate its fixation during tanning. The effects of tanning agent dosage, basification method and pretreatment method on the distribution of TWLZ in leather were investigated. Using 8% TWLZ and basifying with magnesium oxide benefited the penetration and distribution of TWLZ throughout the cross-section of leather. Pretreatment with an amphoteric organic tanning agent could regulate the charge state of the hide, balance the penetration and fixation of TWLZ, and thus show uniform distribution and satisfactory tanning performance. This work will guide the establishment of TWLZ chrome-free tanning system.

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