Time perception and attention: The effects of prospective versus retrospective paradigms and task demands on perceived duration

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
And Task ◽  
Perceived Duration

How Effective Feedback for Training Depends on Learner Resources and Task Demands

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Collins McLaughlin ◽  
Wendy A. Rogers ◽  
Arthur D. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
And Task

Construction of Graphic Symbol Utterances by Children, Teenagers, and Adults: The Effect of Structure and Task Demands

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1314-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Trudeau ◽  
Ann Sutton ◽  
Emmanuelle Dagenais ◽  
Sophie de Broeck ◽  
Jill Morford
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Graphic Symbol ◽  
Effect Of Structure ◽  
And Task

The Effect of Attention on Repetition Suppression and Multivoxel Pattern Similarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Moore ◽  
Do-Joon Yi ◽  
Marvin Chun
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Parahippocampal Place Area ◽  
And Task

Fundamental to our understanding of learning is the role of attention. We investigated how attention affects two fMRI measures of stimulus-specific memory: repetition suppression (RS) and pattern similarity (PS). RS refers to the decreased fMRI signal when a stimulus is repeated, and it is sensitive to manipulations of attention and task demands. In PS, region-wide voxel-level patterns of responses are evaluated for their similarity across repeated presentations of a stimulus. More similarity across presentations is related to better learning, but the role of attention on PS is not known. Here, we directly compared these measures during the visual repetition of scenes while manipulating attention. Consistent with previous findings, we observed RS in the scene-sensitive parahippocampal place area only when a scene was attended both at initial presentation and upon repetition in subsequent trials, indicating that attention is important for RS. Likewise, we observed greater PS in response to repeated pairs of scenes when both instances of the scene were attended than when either or both were ignored. However, RS and PS did not correlate on either a scene-by-scene or subject-by-subject basis, and PS measures revealed above-chance similarity even when stimuli were ignored. Thus, attention has different effects on RS and PS measures of perceptual repetition.

scholarly journals Perceptual Content, Not Physiological Signals, Determines Perceived Duration When Viewing Dynamic, Natural Scenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Suárez-Pinilla ◽  
Kyriacos Nikiforou ◽  
Zafeirios Fountas ◽  
Anil K. Seth ◽  
Warrick Roseboom
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Perceptual Content ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Scene Content ◽  
Perceived Duration

The neural basis of time perception remains unknown. A prominent account is the pacemaker-accumulator model, wherein regular ticks of some physiological or neural pacemaker are read out as time. Putative candidates for the pacemaker have been suggested in physiological processes (heartbeat), or dopaminergic mid-brain neurons, whose activity has been associated with spontaneous blinking. However, such proposals have difficulty accounting for observations that time perception varies systematically with perceptual content. We examined physiological influences on human duration estimates for naturalistic videos between 1–64 seconds using cardiac and eye recordings. Duration estimates were biased by the amount of change in scene content. Contrary to previous claims, heart rate, and blinking were not related to duration estimates. Our results support a recent proposal that tracking change in perceptual classification networks provides a basis for human time perception, and suggest that previous assertions of the importance of physiological factors should be tempered.

Moving Toward Accurate Assessment of Working Memory in Adults With Neurogenically Based Communication Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bijoyaa Mohapatra ◽  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
And Task

Purpose This article presents a viewpoint highlighting concerns regarding currently available assessments of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Additionally, we provide recommendations for improving working memory assessment in this population. Method This viewpoint includes a critique of clinical and experimental working memory tests relevant to speech-language pathologists. We consider the terminology used to describe memory, as well as discuss language demands and test construction. Results Clinical and experimental testing of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders is challenged due to theoretical, methodological, and practical limitations. The major limitations are characterized as linguistic and task demands, presentation and response modality effects, test administration, and scoring parameters. Taking these limitations into consideration, several modifications to working memory testing and their relevance to neurogenic populations are discussed. Conclusions The recommendations provided in this article can better guide clinicians and researchers to advocate for improved tests of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Future research should continue to address these concerns and consider our recommendations.

Quantifying the Effects of Multi-Tasking on Processing Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1717-1721
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Fox ◽  
Joseph W. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
System Design ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unique Individual ◽  
And Task ◽  
Task Environments

The type and amount of task demands that humans must simultaneously process and respond to influences how efficient they are in completing the tasks. Capturing how and to what degree human efficiency changes in different task environments is crucial to inform an appropriate system design. An individual-based analytic approach is necessary to accurately capture performance changes and lend practical suggestions. We can provide designers with the amount and type of task demands that we expect a person to sustain adequate performance given their unique underlying cognitive properties. We develop a metric, multi-tasking throughput (MT), that provides the extent to which a person processes tasks more efficiently, the same, or less efficiently when required to complete several different types of tasks at once. This is a cognitive-based, standardized metric; meaning it yields the relative degree of change from a baseline model that is created to accommodate to unique individual differences, numbers of tasks, and task characteristics. We quantify MT by using transformations of RTs to predict the extent that external demands of multi-tasking exceeds what the cognitive system can accommodate to thereby hindering performance. We use a real world dual-task application to highlight the apparent differences in strategy and ability across individuals and alternative task environments.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Preference and Time: Preferred Painting Dilates Time Perception

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402093990
Author(s):  
Lingjing Li ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Temporal Reproduction ◽  
Time Perceptions ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences ◽  
Perceived Duration

In the domain of aesthetic preference, previous studies focused primarily on exploring the factors that influence aesthetic preference while neglecting to investigate whether aesthetic preference affects other psychological activities. This study sought to expand our understanding of time perception by examining whether aesthetic preference in viewing paintings influenced its perceived duration. Participants who preferred Chinese paintings ( n = 20) and participants who preferred western paintings ( n = 21) were recruited to complete a temporal reproduction task that measured their time perception of Chinese paintings and of western paintings. The results showed that participants who preferred Chinese paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for Chinese paintings than for western paintings, while the participants who preferred western paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for western paintings than for Chinese paintings. These results suggested that aesthetic preference could modulate our perceived duration of painting presentation. Specifically, individuals perceive longer painting presentation durations when exposed to the stimuli matching their aesthetic preferences.

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