scholarly journals The role of memory representation in the vigilance decrement

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Caggiano ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Memory Representation ◽  
Vigilance Decrement

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Task Requirements in the Magnitude of the Vigilance Decrement

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gartenberg ◽  
Glenn Gunzelmann ◽  
Shiva Hassanzadeh-Behbaha ◽  
J. Gregory Trafton
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Task Requirements

Role of pretest expectancy in vigilance decrement.

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Colquhoun ◽  
A. D. Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Decrement

Some Applications of Cognitive Theory to Second Language Acquisition

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael O'Malley ◽  
Anna Uhl Chamot ◽  
Carol Walker
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Acquisition Processes

This paper describes recent theoretical developments in cognitive psychology that can be applied to second language acquisition and uses the theory to analyze phenomena discussed regularly in the second language literature. Some limitations of linguistic theories in addressing the role of mental processes in second language acquisition are identified, and current cognitive learning theory in general is outlined. The paper then examines the theoretical model developed by John Anderson (1983, 1985) as it applies to memory representation, learning, and language skill acquisition. The remainder of the paper describes possible applications of this model to issues in second language acquisition and suggests that the theory is useful both in explaining second language acquisition processes and in identifying areas in which research is needed.

scholarly journals An Indexing Theory for Working Memory based on Fast Hebbian Plasticity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Fiebig ◽  
Pawel Herman ◽  
Anders Lansner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Hebbian Plasticity ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spiking Neural Network Model

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a key component of human memory and cognition. Computational models have been used to study the underlying neural mechanisms, but neglected the important role of short- and long-term memory interactions (STM, LTM) for WM. Here, we investigate these using a novel multi-area spiking neural network model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and two parieto-temporal cortical areas based on macaque data. We propose a WM indexing theory that explains how PFC could associate, maintain and update multi-modal LTM representations. Our simulations demonstrate how simultaneous, brief multi-modal memory cues could build a temporary joint memory representation as an “index” in PFC by means of fast Hebbian synaptic plasticity. This index can then reactivate spontaneously and thereby reactivate the associated LTM representations. Cueing one LTM item rapidly pattern-completes the associated un-cued item via PFC. The PFC-STM network updates flexibly as new stimuli arrive thereby gradually over-writing older representations.

scholarly journals Evidence for, and challenges to, sensory recruitment models of visual working memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten C. S. Adam ◽  
Rosanne L. Rademaker ◽  
John Serences
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Correct Color ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Activity ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Sensory Recruitment

Visual working memory refers to the ability to temporarily hold information in mind in the service of behavior. Often, it is not sufficient to hold an abstract idea in mind to achieve our goals. Rather, we must maintain vivid sensory details. For example, when buying a spool of thread to repair a much-loved shirt, holding an abstract category in mind is not sufficient to buy the correct color (e.g. ‘blue’)—instead, you need a precise visual memory of the color (e.g., a particular gray-ish shade of blue). One proposal for how we maintain vivid, detailed information in mind is the sensory recruitment hypothesis. Sensory recruitment proposes that neural circuits already specialized for encoding sensory details during perception are likewise recruited to help maintain this information in working memory. In this review, we recount evidence that is consistent with a key role for early visual cortex in supporting visual working memory, we discuss key debates about the role of early sensory activity in supporting memory maintenance, and we outline a framework in which sensory codes are one part of a flexible, multi-level working memory representation.

scholarly journals The role of metamemory in autobiographical memory performance in dysphoric individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew James King
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
Criterion Setting

Autobiographical memory (AM) performance in individuals with depressive symptoms has repeatedly been shown to be overgeneral (OGM) in nature, and characterized by summaries of repeated events or long periods of time rather than a single event tied to a unique spatial and temporal context. The present body of work was designed to address the metamnemonic aspects of AM performance in dysphoric individuals, with the underlying motivation being that OGM may not be a unique phenomenon specific to depression or AM, and that it may reflect a more general pattern of memory impairment. The studies presented herein examine various aspects of metamemory and other memory processes that may offer a parsimonious account of OGM as poor event memory in general, rather than a specific standalone finding. In Study 1 several metamnemonic processes were investigated using a quantity-accuracy profile approach. Here, the results showed that performance between dysphoric and non-dysphoric participants was nearly indistinguishable on measures of calibration, resolution, grain-size setting, and criterion setting, suggesting that these aspects of metamemory are intact in dysphoria for immediately tested material. Study 2 examined whether it is possible to “create” OGMs by employing a delay manipulation for both autobiographical (3 day delay) and laboratory-based events (7 day delay). Indeed, the results from this study showed that the performance on both tasks declines for both groups, but that this effect was of a greater magnitude in the dysphoric group. Critically, no differences emerged for immediately tested information. Finally, Study 3 examined the role of working memory and memory search strategies in the recollection of autobiographically relevant information. The results from Study 3 showed that dysphoric individuals may engage in a less organized search strategy than non-dysphoric participants as exhibited by a tendency to switch set in the midst of thematically related information. Taken as a whole, these data indicate that OGM may be attributable to deficits in memory search strategies in conjunction with memories that may be more prone to decay and/or forgetting, suggesting that OGM may not be a depression-specific phenomenon, but rather the downstream deficit of degraded memory representation.

Stimulus Mapping and Memory Load Effects on the Vigulance Decrement across Multiple Sessions

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 859-862
Author(s):  
Michael D. Musgrove ◽  
J. G. Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Memory Load ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Dual Processing ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Demand Theory ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

Performance often degrades over time in a vigilance task where an operator must identify critical signals. An extensive effort has been made to determine the mechanism underlying this vigilance decrement. Sustained demand theory proposes that high attentional demand sustained over the course of the vigil extracts a toll in fatigue, leading to the decrement. However, since an observer typically searches for one consistent target in a vigilance situation, results from dual-processing studies would suggest that automatic processing (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977) should develop over time, and performance should improve rather than degrade. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of automatic and controlled processing within and across vigilance sessions. High memory loads led to an attenuation of the vigilance decrement, a result inconsistent with sustained demand theory. Low memory loads produced results more consistent with a sustained demand interpretation. Implications of these findings for a theoretical account of the vigilance decrement are discussed.

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