scholarly journals Examining the Role of Task Requirements in the Magnitude of the Vigilance Decrement

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gartenberg ◽  
Glenn Gunzelmann ◽  
Shiva Hassanzadeh-Behbaha ◽  
J. Gregory Trafton
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Task Requirements

Task Requirements and Field Dependence in Incidental Learning

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wolk ◽  
Cyril P. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Retention Level ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Content Reading

The role of orienting task and field dependence/independence in incidental learning was explored in the present study. 56 students read discursive text for acquisition of content or for detection of typographical errors. Incidental items were instances of objects, names, and numbers. Content reading produced more incidental learning, and field-dependents exceeded independents in incidental learning only on the cover task of content reading. Also, the retention level of incidental material after 21 days was substantial. Variation in attentional set was suggested as an important factor in incidental learning.

scholarly journals Anticipatory Defocusing of Attention and Contextual Response Priming but No Role of Aesthetic Appreciation in Simple Symmetry Judgments when Switching between Tasks

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Svantje T. Kähler ◽  
Thomas Jacobsen ◽  
Stina Klein ◽  
Mike Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Anticipatory Adjustment ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Response Congruency

Visual attention can be adjusted to task requirements. We asked participants to switch between judging the symmetry of vertically presented three-letter strings and identifying the central stimulus (i.e., Eriksen task) to investigate anticipatory adjustment of attention. Our experiments provide evidence for anticipatory adjustment of visual attention, depending on the cued task (i.e., focusing and defocusing of attention after the Eriksen task cue and after the symmetry task cue, respectively). Although, symmetry judgments were, overall, considerably slower than the identification of the central letter, the effects of response congruency between tasks were comparable in the two tasks, which suggested strong response priming from concurrent symmetry judgment in Eriksen task trials. Symmetry judgment performance was best for homogeneous letter strings (e.g., HHH), worst for strings that were symmetrical and inhomogeneous (e.g., XHX), and intermediate for asymmetrical strings (e.g., HHX). The difficulty of categorizing symmetrical-inhomogeneous items markedly deviated from the aesthetic ratings of the stimuli, displaying a pronounced preference for symmetrical strings, but only little difference among the symmetrical items, and might be accounted by conflict with response priming based on inhomogeneity detection. Although our study provides little evidence for an effect of aesthetic appreciation in simple symmetry judgments, it demonstrates the strong role of contextual dependencies.

Performance Evaluation Methods for Microgrippers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Ruggeri ◽  
Gianmauro Fontana ◽  
Irene Fassi ◽  
Giovanni Legnani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

In precise manipulation and assembly of components with sub-millimetric dimensions, the role of the gripping tools is fundamental. In the literature, many different types of the so-called microgrippers have been presented, based on different working principles, to cope with the issues related to the gripping, the handling and the release of different micro-components. Depending on the component properties, the task requirements and the system constraints, a microgripper could be more suitable than another and allow the achievement of higher performance. However, the performance assessment of the microgrippers lacks of a standardized and quantitative methodology. Many authors declare the good capabilities of their tools in a qualitative way or according to the results obtained executing specific and different tasks. For this reason, it is often difficult to compare different microgrippers and estimate the actual results that can be obtained e.g. in the gripping or the release of a component. In this context, after a preliminary survey of the adopted approaches in literature and of their meaning, this paper investigates the conception and formalization of methods and procedures to evaluate the performance of a generic microgripper and the definition of standard performance indices to support the presentation of the microgripper characteristics.

Task allocation for improved ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias El Makrini ◽  
Kelly Merckaert ◽  
Joris De Winter ◽  
Dirk Lefeber ◽  
Bram Vanderborght
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Collaborative Assembly ◽  
Agent Characteristics ◽  
Human Robot Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Robot ◽  
And Task

Abstract Human-robot collaboration, whereby the human and the robot join their forces to achieve a task, opens new application opportunities in manufacturing. Robots can perform precise and repetitive operations while humans can execute tasks that require dexterity and problem-solving abilities. Moreover, collaborative robots can take over heavy-duty tasks. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a serious health concern and the primary cause of absenteeism at work. While the role of the human is still essential in flexible production environment, the robot can help decreasing the workload of workers. This paper describes a novel framework for task allocation of human-robot assembly applications based on capabilities and ergonomics considerations. Capable agents are determined on the basis of agent characteristics and task requirements. Ergonomics is integrated by measuring the human body posture and the related workload. The developed framework was validated on a gearbox assembly use case using the collaborative robot Baxter.

scholarly journals The role of memory representation in the vigilance decrement

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Caggiano ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Memory Representation ◽  
Vigilance Decrement

Application of a Biphasic Actuator in the Design of a Robot Gripper for Garment Handling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loan Le ◽  
Matteo Zoppi ◽  
Michal Jilich ◽  
Han Bo ◽  
Dimiter Zlatanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Robot Gripper ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
Variable Stiffness Actuator

The paper describes a novel robot gripper for garment handling. The device has been designed, developed, prototyped, and tested within the CloPeMa European Project creating a robot system for automated manipulation of clothing and other textile items. The gripper has two degrees of freedom and includes both rigid and flexible elements. A variable-stiffness actuator has been implemented to add controlled compliance in the gripper’s operation allowing the combining of various grasping and manipulation tasks. First, we analyze the specific application-determined task requirements, focusing on the need for adaptive flexibility and the role of compliant elements in the design. The chosen solution is a simple planar mechanism, equipped with one standard and one variable-stiffness actuator. The mechanical design of the gripper, including the hydraulic system used in the biphasic actuator, is outlined, and the control architecture, using sensor feedback, is described.

Role of pretest expectancy in vigilance decrement.

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Colquhoun ◽  
A. D. Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Decrement

Role of Performance Improvement and Instructional Design in Strategic Human Resource Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Arora
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Task Requirements

The use of instructional design theory and approaches has been dramatically increased in the field of education. This profession has made tremendous improvement in solving real world authentic problems. Different types of instructional approaches are very effective in designing curriculum depending upon the skills, knowledge, and task requirements of courses. However, there is less literature available in the area of use of instructional design and performance improvement in strategic HRM. Instructional design is a very innovative field and it can do wonders in the areas of complex problem solving, knowledge construction, and performing real authentic tasks in the business scenarios, if the principles, approaches and theories of instructional design with performance improvement models are adopted in a right context and with alignment of organization task requirements. This paper is an attempt to strengthen the role of human resource as a strategic business partner through insinuating and integrating the fields of human performance improvement and instructional design in a business context. We call the 21st century the era of strategic human resources. There are so many convoluted HR roles and verbiages in the field of training and development, learning at the workplace, talent management, and compensation. There are abundance of books written on the role of human

Application of a Biphasic Actuator in the Design of the CloPeMa Robot Gripper

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loan Le ◽  
Matteo Zoppi ◽  
Michal Jilich ◽  
Han Bo ◽  
Dimiter Zlatanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Robot Gripper ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
Variable Stiffness Actuator

The paper (a first version of this work was presented in Aug. 2014 at ASME-DETC in Buffalo, NY) describes a novel robot gripper for garment handling. The device has been designed, developed, prototyped, and tested within the CloPeMa European Project creating a robot system for automated manipulation of clothing and other textile items. The gripper has two degrees of freedom (dof) and includes both rigid and flexible elements. A variable-stiffness actuator has been implemented to add controlled compliance in the gripper’s operation allowing the combining of various grasping and manipulation tasks. First, we analyze the specific application-determined task requirements, focusing on the need for adaptive flexibility and the role of compliant elements in the design. The chosen solution is a simple planar mechanism, equipped with one standard and one variable-stiffness actuator. The mechanical design of the gripper, including the hydraulic system used in the biphasic actuator, is outlined, and the control architecture, using sensor feedback, is described.

Stimulus Mapping and Memory Load Effects on the Vigulance Decrement across Multiple Sessions

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 859-862
Author(s):  
Michael D. Musgrove ◽  
J. G. Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Memory Load ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Dual Processing ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Demand Theory ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

Performance often degrades over time in a vigilance task where an operator must identify critical signals. An extensive effort has been made to determine the mechanism underlying this vigilance decrement. Sustained demand theory proposes that high attentional demand sustained over the course of the vigil extracts a toll in fatigue, leading to the decrement. However, since an observer typically searches for one consistent target in a vigilance situation, results from dual-processing studies would suggest that automatic processing (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977) should develop over time, and performance should improve rather than degrade. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of automatic and controlled processing within and across vigilance sessions. High memory loads led to an attenuation of the vigilance decrement, a result inconsistent with sustained demand theory. Low memory loads produced results more consistent with a sustained demand interpretation. Implications of these findings for a theoretical account of the vigilance decrement are discussed.

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