Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Toppino
Keyword(s):  
Reversible Figure ◽  
Intentional Control

scholarly journals Preschool children's views on emotion regulation: Functional associations and implications for social-emotional adjustment

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Dennis ◽  
Deborah A. Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Intentional Control ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Children’S Views

Previous studies show that preschool children view negative emotions as susceptible to intentional control. However, the extent of this understanding and links with child social-emotional adjustment are poorly understood. To examine this, 62 3- and 4-year-olds were presented with puppet scenarios in which characters experienced anger, sadness, and fear. Forty-seven adults were presented with a parallel questionnaire. Participants rated the degree to which six emotion-regulation strategies were effective in decreasing negative emotions. Results showed that even the youngest preschoolers viewed cognitive and behavioral distraction and repairing the situation as relatively effective; compared to adults, however, preschoolers favored relatively “ineffective” strategies such as venting and rumination. Children also showed a functional view of emotion regulation; that effective strategies depend on the emotion being regulated. All participants favored repairing a negative situation to reduce anger and behavioral distraction to reduce sadness and fear. Finally, the more children indicated that venting would reduce negative emotions, the lower their maternal report of social skills. Findings are discussed in terms of functional emotion theory and implications of emotion-regulation understanding for child adjustment.

Biasing free choices: The role of the rostral cingulate zone in intentional control

NeuroImage ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Demanet ◽  
Wouter De Baene ◽  
Catherine M. Arrington ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Control

Changes in pupil diameter entrained by cortically initiated changes in attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORI B. DANIELS ◽  
DAVID F. NICHOLS ◽  
MATHEW S. SEIFERT ◽  
HOWARD S. HOCK
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Intentional Control ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Near Reflex

AbstractThe diameter of the pupil is affected by changes in ambient illumination, color, spatial structure, movement, and mental effort. It has now been found that pupil diameter can be affected by cognitive processes. That is, it can be entrained by alternations between broadly spread and narrowly focused attention that are cued exogenously (attention is “summoned” by the cue) or endogenously (attention changes under the perceiver’s intentional control). Pupil diameter also is affected by post-eye-blink constrictions that occur most often when attention is narrowed, and possibly by changes evoked by the near reflex, although changes in attention state parsimoniously account for the entirety of the results. Changes in pupil diameter produce differences in spherical aberration that alternately blur (when the pupil dilates) and sharpen the retinal image (when the pupil constricts), affecting the relative sensitivity of large receptive fields that mediate broadly spread attention compared with smaller receptive fields that mediate more narrowly focused attention. Results for endogenously cued, intentional changes in attentional spread provide definitive behavioral evidence for cortical feedback to subcortical nuclei that control pupil diameter, either directly or through pupil-constricting eye blinks. Analyses of convergent and divergent changes in eye position indicate that the near reflex was activated long after the initiation of relatively gradual attentionally cued changes in pupil diameter, and further, that when it occurs, the near reflex facilitates ongoing changes in pupil diameter.

A Problem for Koehler's Theory of Figural Aftereffects

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-530
Author(s):  
Eugene Abravanel
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Reversible Figure ◽  
Considerable Evidence

Consideration of Koehler's theory of figural aftereffects in the light of research on the alternation of Rubin's reversible figure indicates a serious problem for the theory which seems to have been overlooked. There is considerable evidence for the dominance of the narrower sector of the Rubin reversible figure. Yet, satiation theory would appear to predict the opposite effect under prolonged inspection.

Intentional control of n-type conduction for Si-doped AlN and AlXGa1−XN (0.42⩽x<1)

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Taniyasu ◽  
Makoto Kasu ◽  
Naoki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Control ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Type Conduction

Understanding Behavioural Rigidity in Autism Spectrum Conditions: The Role of Intentional Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Poljac ◽  
Vincent Hoofs ◽  
Myrthe M. Princen ◽  
Ervin Poljac
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Intentional Control

Optical Defocusing Reverses Perceptual Organization

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Timothy Petersik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Reversible Figure ◽  
Similar Point ◽  
Spontaneous Reversal ◽  
Over Time

At a certain point during the defocusing of a reversible figure, the organization of the figure reversed unexpectedly, and the reversal seemed more abrupt than a spontaneous reversal. The critical point is approximately constant over time for a given subject, and a similar point occurs during refocusing. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of inhibition between competing neural structures.

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