scholarly journals Photometric, geometric, and perceptual factors in illumination-independent lightness constancy

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Soranzo ◽  
Tiziano Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Lightness Constancy ◽  
Perceptual Factors

The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.

Cognitive and perceptual factors that affect manipulation of virtual objects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Stull ◽  
Mary Hegarty ◽  
Richard E. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Comparative Analysis of Words and Pictures through Associations

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Lorand B. Szalay ◽  
Jean A. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
Perceptual Factors ◽  
Analytic Potential

The investigations focused on a picture-stimulated continued association approach, its information value and analytic potential. Student groups ( N = 50), each composed of both sexes, were from the University of Maryland. The study involved a comparative analysis of associations produced to words and pictures. The results show that the two approaches are closely comparable but produced responses which were differently focused. While the word-stimulated responses were somewhat more generic, the picture-stimulated associations were more narrow and specific. All the measures developed previously in the context of word-stimulated associations were found to be equally applicable and informative with picture-stimulated associations as well. From a theoretical viewpoint, the investigations were informative in demonstrating the importance of perceptual semantic and affective-attitudinal factors in the association process. Corresponding words and pictures elicited closely similar response distributions with correlations in the range of .7. As the role of perceptual factors is obvious in picture-stimulated associations, the results of the study have distinct implications for association theory, underlining the importance of centrally mediated mechanisms in the process of elicitation.

scholarly journals Lightness constancy: Object identity and temporal integration

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suncica Zdravkovic
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Illumination Level ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Single Object ◽  
Lightness Constancy ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
True Color

Studies of lightness constancy typically involve the comparison of two objects of the same shade that have been placed under different illuminations. In this study, we introduce factors such as object identity and immediate prior experience to measure the effect of these manipulations on constancy. In the first experiment, conditions sufficient to reproduce classical constancy failure (illumination difference, target values, articulation level) were determined. In the second experiment a lightness judgment was made for a gray target that was then seen to move into another illumination level for the second match. Motion was used in an attempt to stress the target?s identity. The shade was still judged significantly lighter when placed under the higher than under the lower illumination. Failure of constancy thus occurred even when object identity was not in question. In the third experiment a priming paradigm was used, to assess the strength of constancy: one shade would appear in one illumination level and another shade in the other illumination level. Motion was used to trick observers into thinking that only a single object was presented. The estimated shade varied as a function of the shade of the prime. In the last experiment, observers were asked to make another match when the object was removed from view: the match of its true color independent of illumination. The value of this match-from-memory was based on the value obtained in the higher illumination level. Taken together, the experiments show that through object identity, immediate prior experience can influence lightness in systematic fashion.

scholarly journals Lightness constancy in 4-month-old infants: With and without a white anchoring point cue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
S. H.-L. Chien ◽  
K. W. Bronson-Castain
Keyword(s):  
Lightness Constancy

scholarly journals Pre-print #3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Samuel Schwarzkopf ◽  
Nonie J Finlayson ◽  
Benjamin de Haas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Perceptual bias is inherent to all our senses, particularly in the form of visual illusionsand aftereffects. However, many experiments measuring perceptual biases may besusceptible to non-perceptual factors, such as response bias and decision criteria. Here wequantify how robust Multiple Alternative Perceptual Search (MAPS) is for disentanglingestimates of perceptual biases from these confounding factors. First our results show thatwhile there are considerable response biases in our four-alternative forced choice design,these are unrelated to perceptual biases estimates, and these response biases are notproduced by the response modality (keyboard versus mouse). We also show that perceptualbias estimates are reduced when feedback is given on each trial, likely due to feedbackenabling observers to partially (and actively) correct for perceptual biases. However, thisdoes not impact the reliability with which MAPS detects the presence of perceptual biases.Finally, our results show that MAPS can detect actual perceptual biases and is not adecisional bias towards choosing the target in the middle of the candidate stimulusdistribution. In summary, researchers conducting a MAPS experiment should use a constantreference stimulus, but consider varying the mean of the candidate distribution. Ideally,they should not employ trial-wise feedback if the magnitude of perceptual biases is ofinterest.

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