scholarly journals Olfaction, Auditory Imagery, Experimental Design, Visual Attention, Animal Auditory Processing, Attentional Control, Perception and Action, Autism

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435-1437
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Auditory Imagery

Young skilled deaf readers have an enhanced perceptual span in reading

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie N Bélanger ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Elizabeth R Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Perceptual Span ◽  
Deaf Readers ◽  
Deaf Adults

Recently, Bélanger, Slattery, Mayberry and Rayner showed, using the moving-window paradigm, that profoundly deaf adults have a wider perceptual span during reading relative to hearing adults matched on reading level. This difference might be related to the fact that deaf adults allocate more visual attention to simple stimuli in the parafovea. Importantly, this reorganization of visual attention in deaf individuals is already manifesting in deaf children. This leads to questions about the time course of the emergence of an enhanced perceptual span (which is under attentional control) in young deaf readers. The present research addressed this question by comparing the perceptual spans of young deaf readers (age 7-15) and young hearing readers (age 7-15). Young deaf readers, like deaf adults, were found to have a wider perceptual span relative to their hearing peers matched on reading level, suggesting that strong and early reorganization of visual attention in deaf individuals goes beyond the processing of simple visual stimuli and emerges into more cognitively complex tasks, such as reading.

scholarly journals Advances in TVA-based visual attention research: Moving towards more naturalistic stimuli and game-like tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Arni Kristjansson ◽  
Anders Petersen ◽  
Anna Schubö ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Accuracy Data

The theory of visual attention, “TVA”, is an influential and formal theory of attentional selection. It is widely applied in clinical assessment of attention and fundamental attention research. However, most TVA-based research is based on accuracy data from letter report experiments performed in controlled laboratory environments. While such basic approaches to questions regarding attentional selection are undoubtedly useful, recent technological advances have enabled the use of increasingly sophisticated experimental paradigms involving more realistic scenarios. Notably, these studies have in many cases resulted in different estimates of capacity limits than those found in studies using traditional TVA-based assessment. Here we review recent developments in TVA-based assessment of attention that goes beyond the use of letter report experiments and experiments performed in controlled laboratory environments. We show that TVA can be used with other tasks and new stimuli, that TVA-based parameter estimation can be embedded into complex scenarios, such as games that can be used to investigate particular problems regarding visual attention, and how TVA-based simulations of “visual foraging” can elucidate attentional control in more naturalistic tasks. We also discuss how these developments may inform future advances of TVA.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON DISSOCIATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF ATTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Aarushi Agarwal ◽  
Ajeet Patel ◽  
Tara Singh ◽  
Trayambak Tiwari ◽  
Anju Lata Singh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: To answer the two existing controversies regarding attention and consciousness as brain processes. 1) Can one be aware of objects or events without attending to it? 2) Can one attend to objects or events without being aware of it? And also how top-down attention and awareness have opposing functions. Methodology: This article is a systematic review of the relationship between visual attention and awareness. An extensive elaborate study on concepts relating to attention and consciousness dissociation has been done. In this article we also narrow it down to experimental design that requires independent manipulation of each. Which include top-down attention and awareness aspect of consciousness? Main Findings: Many researches have been put forward supporting the independent nature of attention from awareness using sophisticated experimental and physiological shreds of evidence. On the other hand, some researches still stick to the contemporary common-sense notion of no awareness no attention. Our evaluation suggests an independent nature of attention and awareness. Application: This article intends to give a clear perspective of the ongoing debate on the relationship between attention and consciousness. Simplification of both umbrella terms will give basis for building more empirical evidence. Novelty: Further, this article put forward studies on both sides of debate aiming to bridge the gap to get a conclusive outlook in the future.

The effect of articulated sports sponsorship on recall and visual attention to the brand

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alonso Dos Santos ◽  
Manuel J. Sánchez-Franco ◽  
Vicente Prado Gascó
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Sports Sponsorship

PurposeThe objective is to examine the influence of articulation on the effectiveness of sports sponsorship.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses an experimental design with the following factors: articulation (articulated vs unarticulated), congruence (congruent and incongruent) and sporting discipline (tennis, F1 and sailing).FindingsEven though the academic literature argues that articulation improves the indicators of performance, the authors have been unable to demonstrate that articulated sports posters have an influence on visual attention, congruence or recall. The results show that articulation diverts visual attention from the brand to the text, diminishing recall.Originality/valueThis is the first manuscript to use neurophysiological measures of the articulation effect. This is also the first manuscript that examines the differences in attention between articulated sponsorships based on their congruence.

A neuro-computational model of visual attention with multiple attentional control sets

2021 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Shabnam Novin ◽  
Ali Fallah ◽  
Saeid Rashidi ◽  
Frederik Beuth ◽  
Fred H. Hamker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Control Sets

Preservation of Visual Attention in Older Expert Orienteers at Rest and under Physical Effort

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Lucio Cereatti ◽  
Rita Casella ◽  
Carlo Baldari ◽  
Laura Capranica
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reaction Speed

This study investigated the visual attention of older expert orienteers and older adults not practicing activities with high attentional and psychomotor demands, and considered whether prolonged practice of orienteering may counteract the age-related deterioration of visual attentional performance both at rest and under acute exercise. In two discriminative reaction time experiments, performed both at rest and under submaximal physical workload, visual attention was cued by means of spatial cues of different sizes followed, at different stimulus-onset asynchronies, by compound stimuli with local and global target features. Orienteers, as compared to nonathletes, showed a faster reaction speed and a complex pattern of attentional differences depending on the time constraints of the attentional task, the demands on endogenous attentional control, and the presence or absence of a concomitant effortful motor task. Results suggest that older expert orienteers have developed attentional skills that outweigh, at least at rest, the age-related deficits of visual attentional focusing.

scholarly journals Combined Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence for the Suppression of Salient Distractors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gaspelin ◽  
Steven J. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Distractor Item ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Attentional Control Settings ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Behavioral Evidence

Researchers have long debated how salient-but-irrelevant features guide visual attention. Pure stimulus-driven theories claim that salient stimuli automatically capture attention irrespective of goals, whereas pure goal-driven theories propose that an individual's attentional control settings determine whether salient stimuli capture attention. However, recent studies have suggested a hybrid model in which salient stimuli attract visual attention but can be actively suppressed by top–down attentional mechanisms. Support for this hybrid model has primarily come from ERP studies demonstrating that salient stimuli, which fail to capture attention, also elicit a distractor positivity (PD) component, a putative neural index of suppression. Other support comes from a handful of behavioral studies showing that processing at the salient locations is inhibited compared with other locations. The current study was designed to link the behavioral and neural evidence by combining ERP recordings with an experimental paradigm that provides a behavioral measure of suppression. We found that, when a salient distractor item elicited the PD component, processing at the location of this distractor was suppressed below baseline levels. Furthermore, the magnitude of behavioral suppression and the magnitude of the PD component covaried across participants. These findings provide a crucial connection between the behavioral and neural measures of suppression, which opens the door to using the PD component to assess the timing and neural substrates of the behaviorally observed suppression.

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