scholarly journals Estado nutricional y preferencia del sabor dulce en adultos chilenos

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Paula Ledesma Gutiérrez ◽  
Rocío Martínez Garrido ◽  
Fanny Flores Sandoval ◽  
Ana Acuña Dericke ◽  
Favián Treulen Seguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Sweet Solution ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Para Determinar

El dramático aumento de la prevalencia e incidencia de la obesidad sugiere que factores ambientales y cambios en el estilo de vida contribuyen de forma importante a su tendencia epidémica. En humanos, se han reportado diferencias interindividuales en los umbrales de detección y preferencia del sabor dulce, lo que podría afectar la ingesta habitual de azúcares, y por ende al estado nutricional. Objetivo: El presente estudio busca determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la preferencia al sabor dulce en la comunidad de un establecimiento de educación superior. Método: Muestra fue constituida por estudiantes, funcionarios y docentes, entre 18 y 60 años, pertenecientes a la Universidad Mayor, Sede Temuco. Para determinar preferencia al sabor dulce se empleó prueba organoléptica que mide grado de satisfacción frente a solución dulce, junto a ello se realizaron mediciones de peso y talla para determinar el Índice de Masa Corporal. Resultados: Muestra final comprendió de 319 personas, de las cuales un 30,1% fueron hombres y 69,9% mujeres. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la preferencia hacia las soluciones con mayor concentración de sacarosa según el estado nutricional. Sin embargo, el modelo predictivo desarrollado arrojó que hombres prefieren las soluciones con mayor concentración de azúcar independiente de la edad y estado nutricional. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar nuevos estudios que permitan aclarar si la preferencia al sabor dulce favorece el desarrollo de obesidad y sobrepeso, o si es la composición nutricional de los alimentos procesados o ultraprocesados, lo que está teniendo un mayor impacto negativo en el estado nutricional de la población. The dramatic increase in the prevalence and incidence of obesity seems to suggest that environmental factors and lifestyle changes are contributing significantly to the epidemic trend of this pathology. In humans, inter-individual differences in the thresholds of preference of sweet taste have been reported, which could affect habitual sugar intake, and therefore the nutritional status. Objective: The present study seeks to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the preference of sweet taste in the population of a higher education establishment. Method: Sample was constituted by students, officials and teachers between 18 and 60 years, belonging to the Universidad Mayor, Temuco. To determine the perception of the sweet taste, an organoleptic test was used that measures the degree of satisfaction with the sweet solution, along with this, weight and height measurements were made to determine the Body Mass Index. Results: Final sample comprised 319 people, of which 30.1% were men and 69.9% women. No significant differences were observed in the preference for solutions with a higher concentration of sucrose according to nutritional status. However, a predictive model developed showed that men prefer the solutions with the highest concentration of sugar regardless of age and nutritional status. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop new studies to clarify whether the preference for sweet taste favors the development of obesity and overweight, or if it is the nutritional composition of processed or ultraprocessed foods, which is having a greater negative impact on the nutritional status of the population.

scholarly journals Safety and Feasibility of Fasting-Mimicking Diet and Effects on Nutritional Status and Circulating Metabolic and Inflammatory Factors in Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4013
Author(s):  
Francesca Valdemarin ◽  
Irene Caffa ◽  
Angelica Persia ◽  
Anna Laura Cremonini ◽  
Lorenzo Ferrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Factors

In preclinical studies, fasting was found to potentiate the effects of several anticancer treatments, and early clinical studies indicated that patients may benefit from regimes of modified fasting. However, concerns remain over possible negative impact on the patients’ nutritional status. We assessed the feasibility and safety of a 5-day “Fasting-Mimicking Diet” (FMD) as well as its effects on body composition and circulating growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines in cancer patients. In this single-arm, phase I/II clinical trial, patients with solid or hematologic malignancy, low nutritional risk and undergoing active medical treatment received periodic FMD cycles. The body weight, handgrip strength and body composition were monitored throughout the study. Growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines were assessed by ELISA. Ninety patients were enrolled, and FMD was administered every three weeks/once a month with an average of 6.3 FMD cycles/patient. FMD was largely safe with only mild side effects. The patients’ weight and handgrip remained stable, the phase angle and fat-free mass increased, while the fat mass decreased. FMD reduced the serum c-peptide, IGF1, IGFBP3 and leptin levels, while increasing IGFBP1, and these modifications persisted for weeks beyond the FMD period. Thus, periodic FMD cycles are feasible and can be safely combined with standard antineoplastic treatments in cancer patients at low nutritional risk. The FMD resulted in reduced fat mass, insulin production and circulating IGF1 and leptin. This trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov in July 2018 with the identifier NCT03595540.

scholarly journals PROGRAMA DE DIAGNÓSTICO Y PREVENCIÓN DE LA SALUD BUCAL EN NIÑOS MENORES DE 36 MESES EN UNA ZONA RURAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Erick Marco Boy Lazoni ◽  
Tania Belú Castillo Cornock
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Para Determinar

La investigación se elaboró para analizar ¿cómo contribuir a la mejora de la salud bucal en menores de 36 meses con diferente estado de nutrición?, planteándose el objetivo de elaborar un programa odontológico de diagnóstico y prevención dela salud bucal según el estado nutricional usando como medida el pH salival en menores de 36 meses del programa del vaso de leche zona rural del distrito de Cajamarca. La muestra estuvo constituida  por 453 niños que cumplían con los criterios de selección. La evaluación clínica odontológica se realizó según los criterios de la OMS, la medición del pH se realizó mediante la recolección de saliva en pipetas estériles o acopio en la misma boca del infante, previa limpieza con agua embotellada; para determinar el estado nutricional se halló el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los resultados se distribuyeron en cuadros y tablas, se usó la prueba de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de confianza del 95%. El programa pretende diagnosticar y atender la realidad problemática de salud bucal la zona rural del distrito de Cajamarca.  Abstract  The research was developed to analyze how to contribute to the improvement of oral health in children under 36 months with different nutritional status?, considering the objective of developing a dental program of diagnosis and oral health prevention according to the nutritional status using as a measure the salivary pH in children under 36 months of the milk jug of the rural area of ​​the district of Cajamarca. The sample consisted of 453 children who met the selection criteria. The dental clinical evaluation was carried out according to the WHO criteria, the pH was measured by collecting saliva in sterile pipettes or storing it in the infant's mouth, after cleaning with bottled water; to determine the nutritional status was the body mass index (BMI). The results were distributed in tables and tables, the chi-squared test was used with a confidence level of 95%. The program aims to diagnose and address the problematic reality of oral health in the rural area of ​​the Cajamarca district. Key words: Childhood, Nutritional Status, Oral Health, Prevention, Salivary pH,

scholarly journals PEMETAAN PROFIL ANTROPOMETRI, DAN BIOKIMIA DARAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF TERHADAP PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI KELURAHAN TOMANG JAKARTA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Halim Santoso ◽  
Triyana Sari ◽  
Shirly Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
High Uric Acid ◽  
Biochemical Examination ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Increasing the welfare of the community has an impact on lifestyle changes such as low physical activity, high carbohydrate, and low diet. Along with these conditions, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (PTM / Non-Communicable Diseases / NCD) also increases. PTM includes cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, and cancer. WHO reports that each year PTM causes 35 million deaths worldwide, and many of these deaths occur in low-to-middle income economies. Obesity is one of the risk factors for PTM. Many residents of Tomang village are known to suffer from diabetes. Based on the above conditions, the Faculty of Medicine intends to carry out anthropometric and biochemical profiles to get a picture of the nutritional status and PTM in Tomang village. The invitation was distributed by cadres from Tomang Urban Village. On the day of implementation, participants registered and then filed out the questionnaire. Furthermore, participants were directed to anthropometric examination and continued with biochemical examination. This dedication activity involved the Tarumanagara University Faculty of Medicine students. From eighty-three residents, only 10.8% of residents had high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood sugar (GDS) (> 200 mg / dL) 4.8%, high cholesterol (> 200 mg / dL) 16 , 9%, and high uric acid (male> 7 mg / dL; female> 6 mg / dL) 25.3%. Based on the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI), it was found that more than sixty percent of the population had more nutritional status to fat. Continuous efforts are needed in the form of outreach to continue to increase community awareness and knowledge of PTMABSTRAK:Peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat berdampak terhadap perubahan gaya hidup seperti aktifitas fisik yang rendah, pola makan tinggi energi dan rendah serta. Seiring dengan keadaan tersebut, insiden penyakit tidak menular (PTM/Non-Communicable Diseases/NCD) ikut meningkat. PTM mencakup penyakit kardiovaskuler, diabetes melitus, penyakit paru dan kanker. WHO melaporkan setiap tahunnya PTM menyebabkan 35 juta kematian di seluruh dunia, dan kematian ini banyak terjadi di negara berpendapatan ekonomi rendah hingga sedang. Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya PTM. Banyak warga kelurahan Tomang diketahui menderita Diabetes. Berdasarkan kondisi diatas, Fakultas Kedokteran hendak melaksanakan pemeriksaan antropometri dan profil biokimia untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai status gizi dan PTM di kelurahan Tomang. Penyebaran undangan dilakukan oleh para kader dari Kelurahan Tomang. Pada hari pelaksanaan, peserta melakukan registrasi dan kemudian mengisi kuesioner. Selanjutnya peserta diarahkan untuk pemeriksaan antropometri, dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan biokimia. Kegiatan pengabdian ini melibatkan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara. Dari delapan puluh tiga warga, didapatkan hanya 10,8% warga yang tekanan darahnya tinggi (hipertensi), gula darah sewaktu (GDS) tinggi (>200 mg/dL) 4,8%, kolesterol tinggi (>200 mg/dL) 16,9%, dan asam urat tinggi (laki-laki >7 mg/dL; perempuan >6 mg/dL) 25,3%.  Berdasarkan perhitungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), didapatkan lebih dari enampuluh persen warga memiliki status gizi lebih hingga gemuk. Diperlukan upaya berkelanjutan dalam bentuk penyuluhan untuk tetap meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan pengetahun masyarakat akan PTM

Adrenergic and Cholinergic Uterine Innervation and the Impact on Reproduction in Aged Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis P. Kosmas ◽  
Antonio Malvasi ◽  
Daniele Vergara ◽  
Ospan A. Mynbaev ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
The Impact

: In recent years, the development of Assisted Reproductive Technique, the egg and embryo donation changed substantially the role of the uterus in recent years. It provided a higher chance for a pregnancy even in women over 45 years or post-menopause. In fact, the number of aged patients and in peri/post-menopause in pregnancy is nowadays increasing, but it increases obstetrical and neonatal related problems. The human uterus is richly innervated and modified especially during pregnancy and labor, and it is endowed with different sensory, parasympathetic, sympathetic and peptidergic neurofibers. They are differently distributed in uterine fundus, body and cervix, and they are mainly observed in the stroma and around arterial vessel walls in the myometrial and endometrial layers. Many neurotransmitters playing important roles in reproductive physiology are released after stimulation by adrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibers (the so called sympathetic/parasympathetic co-transmission). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization and quantitative distribution of neurofibers in the fundus, the body and cervix of young women of childbearing age. : Adrenergic and cholinergic effects of the autonomous nervous system are the most implicated in the uterine functionality. In such aged women, the Adrenergic and AChE neurofibers distribution in the fundus, body and cervix is progressively reduced by increasing age. Adrenergic and AChE neurotransmitters were closely associated with the uterine arteries and myometrial smooth muscles, and they reduced markedly by ageing. The Adrenergic and AChE neurofibers decreasing has a dramatical and negative impact on uterine physiology, as the reduction of pregnancy chance and uterine growth, and the increase of abortion risk and prematurity.

Perianal Hyperhidrosis Successfully Treated with Botulinum Toxin A

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leandra Reguero del Cura ◽  
Marta Drake Monfort ◽  
Adrian De Quintana Sancho ◽  
Marcos Antonio González López
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Good Safety Profile ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Perianal hyperhidrosis (HH) is a rare form of primary focal HH and may become a major problem for the patient with a significant psychosocial burden and negative impact on the quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used as a second-line treatment option for axillary, palmar, and plantar HH with a good safety profile. Herein, we pre­sent a case of primary perianal HH successfully treated with Botulinum toxin A at a dose higher than that previously reported in literature, with a longer response, a higher degree of satisfaction, and no adverse effects. Moreover, we review the main aspects of the perianal anatomy that are essential to carry out the technique correctly and make dermatologists achieve expertise with the procedure.

scholarly journals What Are the Maternal Factors That Potentially Intervenes in the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Yasmin Amaral ◽  
Leila Silva ◽  
Fernanda Soares ◽  
Daniele Marano ◽  
Sylvia Nehab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gestational Weight

Background: To evaluate the potential factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk of puerperal women. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted between March 2016 and August 2017, with 107 women, selected in a Tertiary Health Care Tertiary Health Facility of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected two months after delivery. The dependent variable of the study was the nutritional composition of human milk. We divided the independent variables into hierarchical levels: distal (age, schooling, parity and pregestational nutritional status), intermediate (number of prenatal visits and gestational weight gain) and proximal (alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension). For data analysis, we applied the multiple linear regression, centered on the hierarchical model. Only the variables associated with the nutritional composition of breast milk remained in the final model at a 5% level of significance. Results: The nutritional composition of human milk yielded by women with pregestational overweight, smokers and hypertensive had higher amounts of lipids and energy. Conversely, women with gestational weight gain below the recommended had lower amounts of these components. Conclusion: The evaluation of factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk is extremely important to assist post-partum care practices. In this study, we observed that lipid and energy contents were associated to pregestational nutritional status, gestational weight gain, smoking and hypertension.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes and Determinants of Children’s and Adolescents’ Body Weight Increase during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
Maria Perperidi ◽  
Christos Georgiou ◽  
Giorgos Chouliaras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Previous studies showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed changes in adults’ lifestyle behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. The COV-EAT study aimed to report changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle habits during the first COVID-19 lockdown and explore potential associations between changes of participants’ lifestyle behaviors and body weight. An online survey among 397 children/adolescents and their parents across 63 municipalities in Greece was conducted in April–May 2020. Parents self-reported changes of their children’s lifestyle habits and body weight, as well as sociodemographic data of their family. The present study shows that during the lockdown, children’s/adolescents’ sleep duration and screen time increased, while their physical activity decreased. Their consumption of fruits and fresh fruit juices, vegetables, dairy products, pasta, sweets, total snacks, and breakfast increased, while fast-food consumption decreased. Body weight increased in 35% of children/adolescents. A multiple regression analysis showed that the body weight increase was associated with increased consumption of breakfast, salty snacks, and total snacks and with decreased physical activity. The COV-EAT study revealed changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Effective strategies are needed to prevent excessive body weight gain in future COVID-19 lockdowns.

scholarly journals Case-finding for COPD clinic acceptability to patients in GPs across Hampshire: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Rose ◽  
Emma Ray ◽  
Rachael H. Summers ◽  
Melinda Taylor ◽  
Helen Kruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Perceived Effects

AbstractDespite high mortality and morbidity, COPD remains under-diagnosed. Case-finding strategies are possible, but patients’ perspectives are unexplored. Using qualitative methods, we explored the patient perspective of a case-finding intervention among at-risk patients in primary care. Semi-structured telephone interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis utilised. Seven patients without (mean age 64.5 years (58–74), n = 4) and 8 with obstructed spirometry (mean age 63.5 (53–75), n = 4) were interviewed. Themes identified were motives, challenges and concerns regarding attending the clinic. These included wanting to be well; to help with research; concern over negative impact to life from COPD diagnosis; perceived utility of the clinic; quality of information given; staff manner, approachability and knowledge; and perceived effects of the clinic on lifestyle, self-management and symptoms. The intervention was generally deemed useful and reassuring, although shared information was too detailed or irrelevant for some. Several reported positive lifestyle changes, improved symptoms and improved self-management.

scholarly journals Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Humberto Peña-Jorquera ◽  
Valentina Campos-Núñez ◽  
Kabir P. Sadarangani ◽  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Action Project

This study aimed to determine whether pupils who have breakfast just before a cognitive demand, do not regularly skip breakfast, and consume a high-quality breakfast present higher cognitive performance than those who do not; furthermore, to establish differences according to their nutritional status. In this study, 1181 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years participated. A global cognitive score was computed through eight tasks, and the body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated using a growth reference for school-aged adolescents. The characteristics of breakfast were self-reported. Analyses of covariance were performed to determine differences in cognitive performance according to BMIz groups adjusted to sex, peak height velocity, physical fitness global score, and their schools. A positive association was found in adolescents’ cognitive performance when they had breakfast just before cognitive tasks, did not regularly skip breakfast, presented at least two breakfast quality components, and included dairy products. No significant differences were found between breakfast components, including cereal/bread and fruits/fruit juice. Finally, pupils who were overweight/obese who declared that they skipped breakfast regularly presented a lower cognitive performance than their normal-BMIz peers. These findings suggest that adolescents who have breakfast just prior to a cognitive demand and regularly have a high quality breakfast have better cognitive performance than those who do not. Educative nutritional strategies should be prioritized, especially in “breakfast skippers” adolescents living with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and PGPR on Tree Nutritional Status and Growth in Organic Apple Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Sebastian Przybyłko ◽  
Wojciech Kowalczyk ◽  
Dariusz Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Tree Roots

The desire to reduce the negative impact of crops on the environment, as well as the growing concern for consumer health, is increasing interest in organic fruit production. In this context, the development of new environmentally friendly agrotechnical methods which allows for reducing the use of organic fertilizers by improving the nutrient use efficiency and consequently decreasing the leaching of them is a task of a great importance. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (AMF) combined with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and nutritional status of apple trees cultivated on a silty-loam, rich in clay minerals and humus soil under organic farming conditions. Thus, a trial was established in an experimental orchard in Wilanów in Central Poland with three cultivars (‘Topaz’, ‘Odra’, and ‘Chopin’) and a promising clone, U 8869. Trees were or were not inoculated with AMF + PGPR within a split-block experimental design with four replicates. According to the results, mycorrhizal frequency obtained in the inoculated tree roots was on average two-fold higher than in the roots of the control plants. After four years of AMF + PGPR inoculation, 24% higher trunk cross-section area (TCSA) was observed, with the nitrogen and magnesium concentrations in leaves increasing, on average, by 7.8% and 64.2%, and phosphorus and potassium content decreasing by 37.2% and 46.5%, respectively. This study shows that using AMF + PGPR inoculum supports tree roots colonization by AMF. As a result, better nitrogen nutrition status is observed that promote vigorous growth of trees and more efficient uptake of magnesium from the bulk soil. On the other hand, lower phosphorus content in inoculated tree leaves might be explained by a dilution effect, and potassium decrease could occur as a result of fungus–plant competition in conditions of this element deficiency in soil.

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