scholarly journals Hodnocení Josefa Smolíka z roku 1915 / Characteristic of Josef Smolík dating to 1915

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Jiří Ryant
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

The personality of Josef Smolík (1832–1915) – a mathematician, archaeologist and numismatist – was analysed several times in the past. The first summarizing study on his legacy was published shortly after his death by the corresponding member of the Bohemian Academy of Sciences (Česká akademie pro vědy, slovesnost a umění) Prof Zdeněk Nejedlý in Almanach of this institution printed in 1916. This obituary was written and sent to the editor even at the end of 1915. In a knowledgeable form, Smolík was characterized there as a scholar who – from mathematics and physics via archeology – came to his most essential interest – numismatics.

scholarly journals Antiviral proteinase inhibitors of plant and animal origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Valentina Divocha ◽  
◽  
Irina Komarevzeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction: Over the past 10 years, much attention has been paid to the development of new antiviral drugs based on the suppression of the proteolytic activity of enzymes by trypsin inhibitors of plant and animal origin. Material and methods: We used a trypsin inhibitor from barley, trielin- (isolated by employees of the Agro-Industrial Institute of Selection and Genetics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences from the salivary glands of a dog); ovomukoid (isolated from duck eggs by employees of N, I, Bach Research Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences); Influenza virus APR 8/34 (fourth passage), adapted to the lungs of mice at a dose of 20 LD /0.1 ml, titre HA( hemagglutenin) 1:32) ,white BALB/c mice weighing 12-14 g. Infection with influenza virus and treatment with inhibitors was carried out intranasally under light ether anesthesia. Doses studied were: 0.5mg/ml; 2.5 mg/ml; 5.0 mg/ml; The treatment regimen of 10 mg/ml differed only in the initial stages (1 hour before infection, during infection and 1 hour after infection, and then 6 hours after infection, 24 hours after infection, 48 hours after infection, 72 hours after infection and 96 hours after infection). Results and discussion: We found that an in vivo inhibitor from barley at a dose of 10 g/l delayed the development of influenza for 8 days. The ovomukoid possessed only prophylactic properties at a dose of 100 gamma / ml. With an increase in dose, it was toxic to animals. Trielin at a dose of 10 g/l had a pronounced therapeutic effect in influenza and was not toxic. The presence of hemagglutinin influenza virus in the lungs of treated mice was observed only on the 10th day after infection; 40% of the animals remained alive for 14 days (observation period).

scholarly journals Precariat: from a proto-class to a new class. Review of the monograph of Zh.T. Toshchenko

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
S. V. Kozin
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

As you know, the study of the past, present and such a vague future of society (and its number of classes) still attracts the gaze of many representatives of the scientific academic society (including colleagues in the sociological workshop). This article is a review of the monograph of corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Zh.T. Toshchenko “Precariat: from the proto-class to the new class”, published in 2018 by “Nauka” publishing house. The monograph allows the reader to feel how rapidly the socio-class structure of foreign, Soviet, and then Russian society was changing. In it, Zh.T. Toshchenko clearly reflects the historical aspects of the development and functioning of a new social class — the “precariat”. The conclusion is proved that the precariat does not have a clear vision of its future, confidence in the security of its personal life and the guarantee of a quiet old age at the end of employment. An impressive number of foreign and domestic statistical data further confirms the conclusions of reasonable Zh.T. Toshchenko. In the future, the author of the monograph explores the consequences of the existence and functioning of this new social-class phenomenon.

An Unrecorded 1660 English Edition Of Michael Scot's Physionomia

The Library ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Vladislav Stasevich
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
English Edition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Editio Princeps ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This note is concerned with the possibly unique copy of a previously unknown 1660 edition of an English translation of Michael Scotus’s Physionomia, which has survived in the holdings of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Though some records of this edition exist, none is properly bibliographical, and some bibliographers of the past have denied the existence of such a translation. The note offers a description of the particular copy, the make-up and content of the edition, the identity of the translator and a comparison of the translation with the Latin text of the editio princeps of 1477. The edition of 1660 is compared with two later English works from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which also purport to be the translations of the same work but in fact exploit the edition in question, progressively distorting it.

scholarly journals Taiwan Vulnerability Analysis: A Comparative Study with Japan, China, U.S.A., U.K., France, and the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shou Su
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

<p>Taiwan has performed well economically during the past four decades. However, economic development can be profoundly hampered by natural disasters. Sustainable economic development requires environmental resilience. With 23 million people occupying only 13,974 square miles of land, Taiwan is both densely populated and highly exposed to natural disasters: 73.1% of the total population lives in vulnerable areas, and Taiwan is ranked as the country most exposed to multiple hazards (The World Bank, 2005). Storms and floods damage Taiwan frequently, with an average of six typhoons hitting Taiwan annually for the past four decades. Taiwan had the highest occurrence and highest death toll on the natural disaster density indicator (NDDI) in comparison with China, Japan, U.S.A, U.K., France, and the Netherlands from 1985 to 2014. Also, Taiwan’s economic losses during the past thirty years are estimated at $650, 000 per km². This is approximately 5 times that of the Netherlands’ $134,362 and the U.K.’s $135,292, 8 times that of the U.S.A.’s $78,186 losses, and 9 times that of France’s $70,599. Research finds that every dollar invested into disaster preparedness would save $4 to $7 dollars in post-disaster damages (Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2005; The National Academy of Sciences, 2012). Hence, promoting urban resilience policies for disaster risk reduction should become a priority in Taiwan and other Asian nations in the future. Most important is the need of a strong political commitment and leadership to initiate and implement spatial policies toward resilience.</p>

Materials Education—A Renewal

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Liedl
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Central Position ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Materials have always been interwoven throughout the very fabric of man's history. The present reawakening to the value and importance of materials, however, has become a dominant factor in manufacturing, national security, international competition and trade, consumer products (quality and reliability), and even education. Other renewals of interest have occurred over the centuries, probably beginning with the formation of the first pot from clay. These renewals were associated with discoveries such as copper, iron, and the transistor. However, in the past 40 years the base for renewed interest has broadened.A true coupling of science and engineering into the field of materials was probably initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Emphasis at that time was on metals and the “new” semiconductors, with an interest that incubated and grew to where their central position in national economies and man's daily life was recognized. In 1970 the National Academy of Sciences appointed a committee to conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the field of “materials science and engineering.” The COSMAT report which resulted from that study had a dramatic impact on the field and has been a frame of reference for the past 17 years. These years have seen a virtual explosion of ideas, processes, and materials in the field.

International Mathematical Education: Mathematics in the Schools of the U.S.S.R.

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
G. G. Masloya ◽  
A. I. Markushevitz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Mathematical ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Academic Plan ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

MUCH work has been done in the Soviet Union over the past years in improving school programs. A commission on the content of education, convened by the Academy of Sciences and Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the U.S.S.R., prepared a new academic plan for the high school and programs for all subjects, includiug mathematics. The chairman of the program commission in mathematics was academician A. N. Kolmogorov.

scholarly journals Memory, Historiography, and “Memorial Paradigm”: On the Role of Historical Memory in Specific Situations [Review: The Past for the Present: Historical Memory and Narratives of National Identity: A Collective Monograph. Repina L.P. (Ed.). Moscow, Akvilon, 2020. (In Russian)]

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
D.E. Martynov ◽  
◽  
G.P. Myagkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
World History ◽  
Integral Image ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper reviews the collective monograph published by the Center for Intellectual History of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IWH RAS). The reviewers consider the theoretical and factual information presented in the monograph in the context of the analysis of both general and specific characteristics of historical memory. The study of historical memory is possible through the analysis of specific political and intellectual practices of the era of early and mature modernity. The use of J. Rusen’s methodology was justified. According to this methodology, historical memory can be regarded as an “unconscious ideology,” which will inevitably be mythological, because it links the memories of an individual with an integral image of the past. From the aforesaid, it may be seen that the compound term “past – for – present”, which expresses the direction of historical memory, can be introduced. The term is reflected in the title of the monograph under review. The substantive features of strategies for the development of historical memory based on ideologemes were considered by the authors using the example of Russia, Great Britain, Poland (the ideology of Sarmatism), and Bolivia (the ideology of Indianism).

scholarly journals Archaeomagnetic studies at Schmidt institute of physics of the earth, Russian Academy of Sciences: history and main results

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
I. E. Nechasova ◽  
O. V. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Field Intensity ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Main Magnetic Field ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geomagnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Schmidt Institute

The archaeomagnetic studies carried out at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS) provided an important contribution to the international studies of the main magnetic field of the Earth for the past few thousand years. Extensive data on the intensity of geomagnetic field in the past 8000 years were obtained. Four most representative and long time series of the data have been constructed for Eurasia for the Iberian Peninsula, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia. Unique studies having no analogues in international research have been carried out into rapid variations in the geomagnetic field intensity with characteristic times starting from several tens of years. Based on the analysis of the international data on the ancient geomagnetic field, the spectrum of the variations in the geomagnetic field intensity with the periods ranging from decades to millennia was established and the characteristics ofthe variations whose superposition can describe the pattern of the changes of the geomagnetic field intensity were determined. It was found out that variations with different characteristic times have a differently directed drift, and the “main oscillation” with a characteristic time of 8000 years has an eastern drift.

scholarly journals The Founding of University of the Chinese Academic of Sciences

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Zha Qiang ◽  
Guangli Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Research Capacity ◽  
Chinese Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Model

Chinese universities expanded their aggregate enrolment size dramatically in the past fifteen years. Now they seem to be greeting opportunities to magnify their research capacity, which is exemplified by the founding of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. For years, and following the Soviet model, China holds a separate research sector, with Chinese Academy of Sciences being the hallmark. Now such a structure seems to be at a crossroads. Changes occurring to it, no matter dramatic or gradual, will render China's university sector the primary beneficiary, which in turn enjoys a leap in terms of research resource and capacity.

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