“Libya Is Not Iraq”: Preemptive Strikes, WMD and Diplomacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Bruce St John
Keyword(s):  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Nuclear Nonproliferation ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Full Credit ◽  
War In Iraq

The Bush administration quickly claimed full credit for Libyan leader Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi's decision to renounce unconventional weapons, suggesting this reversal in long-standing Libyan policy was a by-product of the war in Iraq. On the contrary, the role of the current administration was one of successfully implementing policies discussed for more than a decade and finally initiated in the latter days of the Clinton administration. The welcome decision of the Qadhafi regime to disarm should thus be seen as a win, not for a strategy of preemptive strikes, but for traditional methods of combating nuclear nonproliferation.

Governing Proliferation Finance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Mallard
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Nuclear Nonproliferation ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Global System ◽  
Financial Transactions

As the critical sanctions against Iran’s nuclear program demonstrate, the implementation of sanctions against nuclear proliferators has led to the creation of a global system of surveillance of the financial dealings of all states, banks, and individuals, fostered by United Nations Security Council resolutions—a new and unprecedented development. This chapter asks: Which actors have been in charge of designing and implementing sanctions against nuclear proliferators? Which legal technologies have they developed to regulate global financial transactions? Answering these questions generates a better understanding of key processes in global governance: the increasing role of the Security Council as a global legislator; the “financialization” of global regulation, with the increasing role played by international and US domestic financial institutions that were historically foreign to the field of nuclear nonproliferation; and the judicialization of the enforcement of sanctions, which is accompanied by the multiplication of secondary sanctions against sanctions-evaders.

scholarly journals Does Spelling Still Matter—and If So, How Should It Be Taught? Perspectives from Contemporary and Historical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Pan ◽  
Timothy C. Rickard ◽  
Robert A. Bjork
Keyword(s):  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Spelling Instruction ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Approaches

AbstractA century ago, spelling skills were highly valued and widely taught in schools using traditional methods, such as weekly lists, drill exercises, and low- and high-stakes spelling tests. That approach was featured in best-selling textbooks such as the Horn-Ashbaugh Speller of 1920. In the early 21st century, however, skepticism as to the importance of spelling has grown, some schools have deemphasized or abandoned spelling instruction altogether, and there has been a proliferation of non-traditional approaches to teaching spelling. These trends invite a reevaluation of the role of spelling in modern English-speaking societies and whether the subject should be explicitly taught (and if so, what are research-supported methods for doing so). In this article, we examine the literature to address whether spelling skills are still important enough to be taught, summarize relevant evidence, and argue that a comparison of common approaches to spelling instruction in the early 20th century versus more recent approaches provides some valuable insights. We also discuss the value of explicit spelling instruction and highlight potentially effective ways to implement such instruction, including the use of spelling tests. Overall, our goals are to better characterize the role of spelling skills in today’s society and to identify several pedagogical approaches—some derived from traditional methods and others that are more recent—that hold promise for developing such skills in efficient and effective ways.

From Cannes to Cardboard: The Circulation and Promotion of Visages Villages and the Auteur on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-185
Author(s):  
Matt St. John
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Academy Awards ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Online Presence ◽  
Academy Award ◽  
Award Nomination

Abstract This article explores the Instagram activities of Agnès Varda and her Visages Villages (Faces Places, France, 2017) codirector JR to consider the role of social media in the film's theatrical release and awards campaign, which led to the film's nomination for Best Documentary Feature—Varda's first and only Academy Award nomination. Through analysis of Varda's posts and her appearances on JR's Instagram, the author argues that social media complemented the film's conventional promotion while extending Varda's aesthetic practices and interests, offering one of the final examples of her consistent, enthusiastic experiments with new forms of media. On Instagram, Varda recycled and recontextualized the strategies of self-presentation and formal play seen in her documentaries for a different format, as she posted images and videos involving premieres, special events, and press coverage from her perspective. Throughout the film's release and awards campaign, social media began to function as an atypical way to draw attention to the film and its directors, especially for a low-budget documentary. The Visages Villages team merged traditional methods of achieving visibility with an unusual and intentional online presence, culminating in substantial coverage from new types of outlets when JR traveled to the Academy Awards luncheon with cardboard cutouts of Varda.

The Clinton Administration and Africa: Role of Congress and the Africa Subcommittees

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Volman
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Foreign Operations ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

Studies of U.S. government relations with Africa have generally focused on the role of the executive branch, specifically by examining and analyzing the views and activities of administration officials and the members of executive branch bureaucracies. This is only natural, given the predominant role that the executive branch has historically played in the development and implementation of U.S. policy toward the continent. However, the U.S. Congress has always played an important role in determining U.S. policy toward Africa due to its constitutional authority over the appropriation and authorization of funding for all foreign operations conducted by the executive branch. Furthermore, Congress enacted legislation on several occasions during the Cold War period that directly affected U.S. policy. For example, Congress approved the Clark Amendment prohibiting U.S. intervention in Angola (although it later voted to repeal the amendment) and also passed the 1986 Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, which imposed sanctions on South Africa over the veto of the Reagan administration.

ORISS

2005 ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Giesecke ◽  
Gerriet Reents
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Project Group ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

In this chapter, we present the Web-based carpooling system ORISS, which was initially developed by a student project group at University of Oldenburg. It is currently being deployed at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg with support of the DBU (Federal German Foundation for the Environment). We describe the role of carpools in traffic, particularly in commuter traffic, and show perspectives of an increased usage of carpools. A significant impact on the eco-balance of the university can be expected. We explain how Internet technologies and geographic information systems can be used for the arrangement of carpools, and show advantages over traditional methods of carpooling. The concrete architecture of ORISS and the algorithms used are outlined. We conclude the chapter by describing the circumstances of deployment and propose possible future extensions of the system.

8. Intelligence and Strategy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Z. George
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Data Problem ◽  
War In Iraq ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Yom Kippur

This chapter explores the role of intelligence in strategy. It first explains what intelligence is and how strategists have talked about its utility before discussing the development of U.S. intelligence in its early efforts to support cold war strategies of containment and deterrence and in its more recent support to strategies for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. It then examines the challenges and causes of ‘strategic surprise’, focusing on the historical cases of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the 11 September 2001 attacks. It also describes some of the new challenges faced by intelligence after a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as in dealing with the new ‘big data’ problem.

Reasons for using traditional methods and role of nurses in family planning

Contraception ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Yurdakul ◽  
Gülsen Vural
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Traditional Methods
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