scholarly journals Impact of high level of intensive feeding of two-year-old carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)-with feeds differing in fat and carbohydrate composition-on the levels of cortisol, glucose, triglycerides in the blood and on the body weight increments

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
High Level

Prosthesis Design for Bilateral Hip Disarticulation Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Mauricio Plaza Torres ◽  
William Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Patient Mobility ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Crush Injuries ◽  
High Level

Hip disarticulation is an amputation through the hip joint capsule, removing the entire lower extremity, with closure of the remaining musculature over the exposed acetabulum. Tumors of the distal and proximal femur were treated by total femur resection; a hip disarticulation sometimes is performance for massive trauma with crush injuries to the lower extremity. This article discusses the design a system for rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral hip disarticulations. The prosthetics designed allowed the patient to do natural gait suspended between parallel articulate crutches with the body weight support between the crutches. The care of this patient was a challenge due to bilateral amputations at such a high level and the special needs of a patient mobility.

scholarly journals Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Brankica Kartalović ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Zoran Marković ◽  
Marko Stanković ◽  
Nikolina Novakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications.  Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

Scale Formation as Related to Growth and Development of Young Carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh R. McCrimmon ◽  
U. Boon Swee
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Scales began to form on the body of young carp at 16–18 mm in total length. Scales first appeared anteriorly. The first row formed immediately below the lateral line, except for the posterior four or five scales being typically on the line. Later rows formed in succession above and below the first, each beginning anteriorly. Young carp acquired the typical structure and form of the adult fish by 21 mm. Squamation was completed on fish of 22–26 mm. The development of mouth parts, swim bladder, fins, and body scales appeared to be a function of length.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hatchability from Various Intraspecific Crosses of Carp and Effect of Frequencies of Feeding on Stocking Density of Common Carp Fry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
O O Jacob ◽  
G S Solomon ◽  
P A Annune
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) germplasm were sourced from Bauchi and Ibadan aimed at studying their hatchability from the various intraspecific crosses and effect of frequencies of feeding on stocking density of Carp fry. Both male and female were injected with Ovaprim at 0.5ml/kg body weight intramuscularly at a single dose. The number of eggs in 1 gram mass was determined, Fertilization rate and percentage of hatchability were calculated. One hundred and eighty (180) fry of Cyprinus carpio were randomly picked and distributed in nine bowls of 50 litres at three stocking densities with replicates for each treatment. The frequencies of feeding were in these order; Ten (10) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed twice a day, Twenty ( 20) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed four times a day, Thirty (30) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed six times a day, respectively for 8 weeks with 30gm of 0.2mm Coppens starter diet. The Ib♀ x Ba♂ cross had the highest hatchability though highest fertilization rate was recorded by Ba♀ X Ba♂ cross. The various crosses had above 50% hatchability, though percentagehatchability differed significantly at (P <0.05). While the growth pattern of the different stocking densities at different feeding frequencies differed significantly (p<0.05). The intra specific crossing of different sexes from the two sources gave a higher yield as can be seen with the IB♀ x BA♂. Whereas carp fry stocked at a lower stocking density with a fewer feeding frequency had best growth.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan benih ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, yang diberi pakan dengan dosis dan frekuensi berbeda

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinus O O. Biduan ◽  
Indra R. N. Salindeho ◽  
Hariyani Sambali
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recirculation System

The objectives of this research were to find out the optimum dose and frequency of feeding regime to ensure the maximum growth of carp-seeds, Cyprinus carpio, reared in the backyard pond with recirculation system. The experiment was carried out in 2x3 factorial experimental design and the experimental units were designed in randomized block.  Two factors were tested in this experiment; the first factor, dose of feeding, had three levels, 3%, 4% and 5% of the total body weight per day; and the second factor had 2 levels, 2 and 3 times per day.   Hence there were 6 treatments were applied, and each treatment was triplicated.   Each repetition represented group of fish with different weight.  There were 18 experimental units, and each experimental unit was composed of 8 tested fish, therefore there were 144 tested fish, which were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and then every week during the 6 weeks period of the experiment.  The weight data were converted into FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate, and were statistically analyzed using JMP statistic-program (SAS-institute).             The results showed the absolute growth of fish at dose of 3% was significantly lower than that of fish at the dose of 4% and 5%, which was not significantly different.   The relative and daily growth rate was not significantly affected by the different dose of feeding regime.  There was no significant difference in FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate between fish fed 2 and 3 times per day.  The best FCR, 1,46, was performed by fish fed 3% of the body weight per day, and this value was significantly different with that of the fish fed 4% or 5%.   The results of this experiment suggest that, carp reared in backyard pond with recirculation system should be fed twice a day, with a dose of 3% of the body weight each day.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HORMONE-INDUCED STRESS ON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) COAGULOGRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
Daria I BEREZINA ◽  
Lyubov L FOMINA
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Carp (Cyprinidae) is one of the dominating and most valuable fish species in fish farming. Under conditions of high-intensity cultivation, fish are systematically exposed to extreme factors that cause stress reactions, accompanied by changes in the functional state of the defense of the body systems and exert impact, primarily, on hematological parameters. The hemostatic system is one such defense systems, which counteracts bleeding through a coagulation mechanism. Hemocoagulation follows the same pattern in all vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, and represents an ancient adaptation of animals to stressful conditions, often associated with blood loss in nature. This research aimed to study the effect of hormone-induced stress on plasma (secondary) hemostasis in fish. Given the data fragmentation and differences in methodology and conditions, the lack of standardization in studying hemostasis in fish, especially in critical conditions, this problem remains not fully disclosed in global science. The article presents the results of studying carp (Cyprinus carpio) coagulogram parameters under the influence of acute and chronic stress responses, simulated by injections of synthetic cortisol analogs (dexamethasone for short-term stress, and betamethasone for chronic stress) during 21 days. The dynamics of these indicators were analyzed in comparison to intact fish. It has been established that by accelerating the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and increasing the amount of fibrinogen in the blood of fish, blood coagulation processes were clearly accelerated in all groups of animals tested by the last day of the experiment. The dynamics of other parameters, such as the content of soluble fibrin monomer complexes or antithrombin III content, indicated the simultaneous development of hypercoagulation processes in some groups. Assumptions have been made to explain the pattern of changes observed not only in treated fish but also in control animals.

scholarly journals Curcumin ameliorates atrophy of seminal vesicle via reduction of oxidative stress in castrated mice

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ke Rao ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Curcumin Treatment ◽  
Seminal Vesicle Weight ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

Background The growth and function of seminal vesicle are dependent on androgen. This study was conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy and to explore the effects of curcumin, an antioxidant extracted from rhizome of turmeric, on seminal vesicle of castrated mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, castration, and castration with curcumin (n = 10 for each group). After surgical castration, mice in the curcumin treatment group received intragastric administration of curcumin at 100 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, whereas mice in the other two groups were treated with olive oil. After that, the body weight, seminal vesicle weight and serum testosterone of mice were measured. Apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in seminal vesicle were also determined. Results After castration, both the weight and size of seminal vesicle decreased dramatically. The expression of three NADPH oxidase (NOX) subtypes: NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, increased in seminal vesicle of castrated mice, resulting in high level oxidative stress. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was also elevated after castration, accompanied by enhanced caspase3 activity. Additionally, castration increased the number of apoptotic cells in seminal vesicle. Curcumin treatment could inhibit the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The atrophy of seminal vesicle caused by castration was ameliorated by curcumin. Conclusion Castration could cause atrophy of seminal vesicle probably via inducing oxidative stress. Curcumin treatment could reduce the oxidative stress in seminal vesicle by decreasing the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, thereby ameliorating apoptosis and atrophy of seminal vesicle. Oxidative stress might play a role in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy.

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