scholarly journals Investigating epidemiologic trends and the geographic distribution of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma throughout Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cattelan ◽  
F. M. Ghazawi ◽  
M. Le ◽  
E. Savin ◽  
A. Zubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background Anal cancer is a rare disease, constituting 0.5% of new cancer cases in the United States. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (scc). Studies in several developed nations have reported on an increasing incidence of anal cancer in recent decades, and various risk factors pertaining to the pathogenesis of the disease have been identified, including infection with the human papillomavirus, tobacco use, and immunosuppression. The epidemiology and distribution of anal scc throughout Canada remain poorly understood, however. Methods Using 3 population-based cancer registries, a retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada for 1992–2010 was performed. The incidence and mortality for anal scc was examined at the levels of provinces, cities, and the forward  sortation area (FSA) component (first 3 characters) of postal codes. Results During 1992–2010, 3720 individuals were diagnosed with anal scc in Canada; 64% were women. The overall national incidence rate was 6.3 cases per million population per year, with an average age at diagnosis of 60.4 years. The incidence increased over time, with significantly higher incidence rates documented in British Columbia and Nova Scotia (9.3 cases per million population each). Closer examination revealed clustering of cases in various urban centres and self-identified lgbtq communities in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Discussion This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the burden of anal scc in Canada, identifying susceptible populations and shedding light onto novel avenues of research to lower the incidence of anal cancer throughout the country.

A retrospective review of anal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV positive and HIV negative patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4153-4153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grandhi ◽  
P. A. Philip ◽  
T. Washington ◽  
A. F. Shields ◽  
U. Vaishampayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hiv Negative

4153 Background: The incidence of invasive anal cancer is 120 times higher in the HIV infected patients than in the general population. The outcome of anal cancer in HIV infected patients has not been evaluated in prospective trials and the published literature is limited to small retrospective case series. The aim of this study is to describe the outcome, tolerability, event free survival, and overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal (SCCAC) with and without HIV infection treated at Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University from 1991 to 2005. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review. Patients were identified using the SEER database. We collected data regarding HIV status, demographics (age, gender, race), stage at diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, toxicity and survival. Results: Forty patients with SCCAC were identified, of which 13 were HIV positive and 27 were HIV negative. The HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups differed by mean age (44 vs. 55 years), male gender (100 vs. 37 percent), and African American race (92 vs. 59 percent). There were no differences in stage at diagnosis, type of chemotherapy received. HIV positive population received reduced chemotherapy (67 vs. 8 percent), and RT (22 vs. 7 percent) dosage. The major toxicities observed in HIV positive and negative patients were mucositis (23% vs. 29%), neutropenia (8% vs. 33%) and skin toxicity (46% vs. 55%) secondary to radiotherapy. Only 61 percent of HIV-positive patients were disease free vs. 60 percent of HIV-negative patients. Conclusions: We found that HIV positive patients received lower doses of chemo-radiotherapy. Patients with HIV tolerated the lower dose chemoradiotherapy and had a similar toxicity profile to the HIV negative patients. No major difference in the risk of recurrence between HIV positive and negative patients was observed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Anal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Tsao ◽  
David Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anal Margin ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

This chapter focuses on anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions and summarizes the relevant epidemiology, evaluation, and management. Risk factors including human immunodeficiency virus status and sexual practices as well as the role of human papilloma virus in anal cancer pathogenesis are reviewed. Further understanding of the molecular biology of anal cancer will inform future strategies for targeted therapy, and biomarkers such as p16 and p53 may emerge as important prognostic indicators. Anal low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion histologies are particularly prevalent in at-risk populations, and surgical oncologists should understand the principles that underlie surveillance and management strategies. Finally, the role of chemoradiation and salvage abdominoperineal resection and the options for systemic therapy in the setting of metastatic disease are outlined.  This review contains 10 figures, 5 tables, and 77 references. Key Words: Anal cancer, Anal HSIL, Anal LSIL, Anal margin cancer, Anal squamous cell, carcinoma, HPV, p16, Perianal cancer

Trends in incidence and mortality of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: An observational analysis of the Global Burden of Disease database from 1990 to 2017.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10569-10569
Author(s):  
Dorothy Yang ◽  
Chinmay Jani ◽  
Conor Crowley ◽  
Richard Goodall ◽  
Joseph Shalhoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Observation Period

10569 Background: Epidemiological data relating to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is highly under-reported and under-studied due to its lower metastatic potential. In recent years, incidence and prevalence of SCC has increased in many countries due to earlier detection, increased ultraviolet light exposure, as well as increasing life expectancy. This investigation compared trends in SCC incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 33 countries. Methods: We utilized the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for 33 countries, including the European Union nations as well as other selected high-income countries including the UK and USA. We extracted data including age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and DALYs for SCC of the skin from 1990 to 2017. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to describe the trends. Results: For both sexes, the highest ASIRs were seen in the USA and Australia: ASIRs were 362.8/100,000 and 283.7/100,000 respectively for males, and 171.2/100,000 and 152.4/100,000 respectively for females. Males had higher ASIRs than females at the end of the observation period in all countries. In contrast, the highest ASMRs for males were observed in Australia (2.77/100,000) and Latvia (2.44/100,000), while the highest ASMRs for females were observed in Romania (0.95/100,000) and Croatia (0.90/100,000). The highest DALYs for both sexes were seen in Australia and Romania: DALYs were 58.4/100,000 and 43.8/100,000 respectively for males, and 16.9/100,000 and 14.9/100,000 respectively for females. Over the observation period, there were more countries demonstrating decreasing trends in mortality than in incidence. There was also a disparity between which countries had comparatively high mortality rates and which had high incidence rates – for instance, the USA, which had by far the highest SCC incidence rates, had among the lower mortality rates. Overall reductions in DALYs were observed in 24 of 33 countries for males, and 25 countries for females. Conclusions: Over the past 27 years, although trends in SCC incidence have risen in most countries, there is evidence that mortality rates have been decreasing, especially towards the end of the observation period. Overall, burden of disease as assessed using DALYs has decreased in the majority of countries. Future work will explore potential explanatory factors for the observed disparity in trends in SCC incidence and mortality.

Demographics and incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma in people living in high HIV prevalence geographical areas

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055271
Author(s):  
Danielle Rebecca Louise Brogden ◽  
Christos Kontovounisios ◽  
Sundhiya Mandalia ◽  
Paris Tekkis ◽  
Sarah Catherine Mills
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Stage Disease

ObjectivesAnal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon cancer that is rapidly increasing in incidence. HIV is a risk factor in the development of ASCC, and it is thought that the rapidly increasing incidence in men is related to increasing numbers of people living with HIV (PLWH). We undertook a population-based study comparing the demographics and incidence of ASCC in patients residing high HIV prevalence areas in England to patients living in average HIV prevalence areas in England.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study following the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ statement. Demographic data and incidence rates of ASCC within Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) between 2013 and 2018 were extracted from the Cancer Outcomes and Services Dataset. CCGs were then stratified by HIV prevalence from data given by Public Health England, and high HIV prevalence geographical areas were compared with average HIV geographical areas.ResultsPatients in high HIV areas were more likely to be young and male with higher levels of social deprivation. Incidence rates in men between 2013 and 2017 were higher in high HIV areas than average HIV areas with a rapidly increasing incidence rates in early-stage disease and a 79.1% reduction in incidence of metastatic stage 4 disease.Whereas women in high HIV areas had lower ASCC incidence than the national average and a low incidence of early-stage disease; however, metastatic disease in women had quintupled in incidence in high HIV areas since 2013.ConclusionsPatients presenting with ASCC in high HIV geographical areas have different demographics to patients presenting in average HIV geographical areas. This may be related to screening programmes for PLWH in high HIV areas.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Age of Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Yosuke Ishitsuka ◽  
Yuma Hanaoka ◽  
Atsushi Tanemura ◽  
Manabu Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent skin cancer globally. Because most cSCC cases are manageable by local excision/radiotherapy and hardly become life-threatening, they are often excluded from cancer registries in most countries. Compared with cutaneous melanoma that originates from the melanin-producing, neural crest-derived epidermal resident, keratinocyte (KC)-derived cancers are influenced by the immune system with regards to their pathogenetic behaviour. Congenital or acquired immunosurveillance impairments compromise tumoricidal activity and raises cSCC incidence rates. Intriguingly, expanded applications of programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade therapies have revealed cSCC to be one of the most amenable targets, particularly when compared with the mucosal counterparts arisen in the esophagus or the cervix. The clinical observation reminds us that cutaneous tissue has a peculiarly high immunogenicity that can evoke tumoricidal recall responses topically. Here we attempt to redefine cSCC biology and review current knowledge about cSCC from multiple viewpoints that involve epidemiology, clinicopathology, molecular genetics, molecular immunology, and developmental biology. This synthesis not only underscores the primal importance of the immune system, rather than just a mere accumulation of ultraviolet-induced mutations but also reinforces the following hypothesis: PD-1 blockade effectively restores the immunity specially allowed to exist within the fully cornified squamous epithelium, that is, the epidermis.

The Management and Prevention of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Eng ◽  
Craig Messick ◽  
Rob Glynne-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Our aim is to discuss the current established management of care and associated prevention strategies of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). In general, the development of SCCA is commonly linked to a prior history of HPV. Unfortunately, HPV vaccination continues to be underutilized in the United States versus other countries. Increased acknowledgment of the importance of HPV vaccination as an anticancer vaccine should be encouraged. The present standard of care is primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which results in a high level of disease control for small, early-stage SCCA. More advanced cancers still fare poorly with this treatment, and the disease relapses locoregionally in the majority of cases (30%–50% of patients), resulting in an abdominoperineal resection. Current treatment recommendations are associated with substantial morbidity; alternative radiation doses and/or novel combinations of agents with CRT are needed to improve quality of life and oncologic outcomes. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard of care for treatment-naïve patients with metastatic disease, with a possible new treatment paradigm of carboplatin/weekly paclitaxel. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibition appears to have a promising role in the setting of patients with refractory disease. Several clinical trials with immunotherapeutic and vaccine approaches for locally advanced and metastatic anal cancer are ongoing, as are HPV-agnostic umbrella trials. Whenever possible, clinical trial enrollment is always encouraged for further therapeutic development in the setting of a rare cancer, given the potentially substantial global impact for other HPV-associated malignancies.

Penile Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of Incidence, Mortality Trends, and Geographic Distribution in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lagacé ◽  
Feras M. Ghazawi ◽  
Michelle Le ◽  
Evgeny Savin ◽  
Andrei Zubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Background Penile invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare disease with several known risk factors. However, few studies have assessed its incidence, mortality, and temporal trends. Objective Our objectives are to analyze the epidemiology of penile SCC in Canada and to examine patient distribution with this cancer across Canada in order to elucidate population risk factors. Methods Three independent cancer registries were used to retrospectively analyze demographic data from Canadian men diagnosed with penile invasive SCC between 1992 and 2010. The Canadian Census of Population was used to calculate incidence and mortality rates at the province and Forward Sortation Area levels. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate was 6.08 cases per million males. Four provinces with statistically significantly higher incidence rates were identified. The national crude incidence rates increased linearly between 1992 and 2010, whereas the age-adjusted incidence rates showed no significant increase during this time period. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate was 1.88 deaths per million males per year. The province of Saskatchewan had significantly higher mortality rates. There was no increase in crude or age-adjusted mortality rates between 1992 and 2010. There was a significant positive correlation between incidence rates and obesity, Caucasian ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status. Conclusion This study was able to establish geographic variation for this malignancy at the provincial level. Although there are many established risk factors for penile SCC, our results suggest that the increase in crude incidence rates observed is largely due to the aging population.

Incidence rates for anal cancer in the United States: 1980-2009.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 357-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Eberly ◽  
Charles Wiggins ◽  
Itzhak Nir ◽  
Katherine T. Morris ◽  
John C. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Seer Program ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
The U.S

357 Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, but results in significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the trends of anal SCC in the U.S. between 1980-2009. Methods: Subjects were identified from records in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The study included incident malignant squamous cell cancer of the anus, anal canal, and anorectum diagnosed among nine core areas of the SEER program from 1980-2009. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method with the U.S. 2000 standard population. 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Tiwari adjustment. Temporal trends were assessed by joinpoint regression. Results: Incidence rates of anal cancer in the U.S. more than doubled during this period. A linear increase in anal cancer incidence rates was observed with an Annual Percent Change (APC) of 4.6 (p<0.01) for all races and both sexes-combined. Incidence rates were consistently greater for women than men, however, the increase in incidence rates was greater for men (APC=5.4, p<0.01) than for women (APC=4.3, p<0.01). Similar trends were seen for whites and blacks. Conclusions: Anal cancer is a relatively rare disease, yet incidence rates increased dramatically in the U.S. over the last three decades. Correlation of this increased incidence with HPV infection remains to be determined. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Research on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Krishan R. Jethwa ◽  
Christopher L. Hallemeier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
The United States ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Cancers

Anal canal and peri-anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCCs) are relatively rare cancers that affect approximately 8000 patients per year in the United States [...]

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