Advancing Women in Peace And Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Antonia Dimou
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Peace And Security

Overcoming gender bias has been increasingly important to counter ongoing threats to national and international security. The article focus on the institutional framework that exists for the participation of women in peace and security at the United Nations and NATO levels. It expands to the success story of women’s inclusiveness in the Jordanian armed forces, as well as to the challenges of health security, and concludes with a set of concrete policy recommendations.

The Charter Travaux Préparatoires and United Nations Powers to Use Armed Force

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
C. F. Amerasinghe
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
International Peace ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Peace And Security

The powers of the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations to take collective measures for the maintenance of international peace and security, particularly to maintain armed forces for that purpose, and the power of the General Assembly to finance these activities were much discussed during the recent crisis in the Organization when certain members refused to contribute to the support of the UNEF and Congo Operation. Various aspects of the matter have been discussed by writers; they have also been dealt with by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion of June 1962 where it held that the UNEF and Congo Operation undertaken by the General Assembly and Security Council were intra vires the powers of these organs and that the expenses incurred by the Organization in the execution of those ventures were “expenses of the Organization” for the purposes of Article 17 (2) of the Charter. The Court and some of the judges who gave separate opinions further made a definite contribution to the interpretation of certain aspects of the Charter in the course of arriving at these conclusions.

scholarly journals The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (Unscr 1325) and The Challenges of Women Participation in Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria: Critical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Dickson E. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Women Participation

In 31 October, 2000, the United Nations Security Council adopted and signed SC Resolution 1325 on Women Peace and Security. Resolution 1325 recognizes that civilian, particularly women and children are the worst affected by conflict. Resolution 1325 call for women participation in conflict prevention and resolution initiative, the integration of gender perspective in peace building, peace keeping mission and the protection of women in regions of conflict. The resolution reaffirms the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peace-building, peace keeping, humanitarian response and in post-conflict reconstruction; stressing the importance of equal participation in peace and security. In Africa, women participation in policy making, peace building and conflict resolution is still faced with setbacks despite the passing of the SCR 1325 two decades ago. Findings from this study has shown that, women have been subjected to domination by men as a result of persisting cultural stereotypes, abuse of religious and traditional practices, patriarchal societal structures in which economic, political and social power are dominated by men while women played the role of followers of male decision-makers.  The study identifies such challenges for a change or reforms them.  The paper reviewed  many of the extant studies on the role and potentials of women in peace building and conflict resolution. Analyzing those challenges inhibiting the participation of women in peace process. The paper adopted the qualitative approach whereby data collected from secondary sources were reviewed, explained and analyzed within the purview of the study. The paper conclude, the views that bringing women into the peace process, as participation of women makes it sustainable and reduces possibility of inadequate outcome or failure of the entire process,  may be an illusion. Unless the women are economically and politically empowered, as one of the outstanding equality of peace-makers or negotiators is the amount of political and economic influence they possessed. Only elite centric gender blind composition of negotiation and peace process team cannot ensure sustainable peace process as there could be no peace with one side so disadvantaged.  

scholarly journals MILITARY WOMEN IN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS AND THE POLITICS OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Pablo Castillo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Since 2000, the United Nations Security Council has adopted eight resolutions on the protection and empowerment of women in conflict situations. Increasing the representation of women in peacekeeping, and particularly among uniformed personnel, is one of the most repeated goals of these resolutions. However, only three percent of military personnel in peacekeeping operations are women and this percentage has barely budged in recent years. This lack of progress in UN missions has coincided with a period of historically significant advances in the integration of women in national armed forces, a time in which the mandates and design of peacekeeping operations more directly and explicitly called for the participation of women, and a growing perception among gender equality advocates that the presence of female troops in peace operations was being given too much emphasis, rather than too little. This article outlines the parameters of this debate in the United Nations over the last few years, and attempts to explain these apparent contradictions. Po letu 2000 je Varnostni svet Organizacije združenih narodov sprejel osem resolucij o zaščiti in opolnomočenju žensk v konfliktnih situacijah. Med glavnimi cilji teh resolucij je povečati zastopanost žensk v mirovnih operacijah, še zlasti med uniformiranim osebjem. Med vojaškimi pripadniki v mirovnih operacijah je le tri odstotke žensk, ta odstotek se je v zadnjih letih komaj kaj spremenil. Slab napredek v misijah OZN je sovpadal z obdobjem zgodovinskega napredka pri vključevanju žensk v nacionalne oborožene sile. V tem obdobju sta se zaradi mandatov in oblike mirovnih operacij pojavila bolj ali manj neposredna in odkrita potreba po sodelovanju žensk ter vse večje spoznanje zagovornikov enakosti spolov, da se sodelovanju pripadnic na mirovnih misijah posveča prej preveč kot premalo pozornosti. V članku so predstavljeni argumenti razprave, ki v Združenih narodih na to temo poteka zadnjih nekaj let, ter poskusi razlage teh navideznih protislovij.

3. Resolution of the Security Council Concerning the Implementation of the Resolutions of the General Assembly Regarding the Principles Governing the General Regulation and Reduction of Armaments and Information on Armed Forces of the United Nations, February 13, 1947.

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-410
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The One ◽  
General Regulation

The Security Council, having accepted the resolution of the General Assembly of 14 December 1946 and recognizing that the general regulation and reduction of irmaments and armed forces constitute a most important measure for strengthening international peace and security, and that the implementationof the resolution of the General Assembly on this subject is one of the most urgent and important tasks before the Security Council,RESOLVES:1. to work out the practical measures for giving effect to the resolutions of the General Assembly on 14 December 1946 concerning, on the one hand, the general regulation and reduction of armaments and armed forces, and the establishment of international control to bring about the reduction of armaments and armed forces and, on the other hand, information concerning the armed forces of the United Nations;2. to consider as soon as possible the report submitted by the Atomic Energy Commission and to take suitable decisions in order to facilitate its work;

United Nations Charter, Chapter VII, Article 43: Now or Never

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peace Enforcement ◽  
United Nations Charter

ABSTRACTFor more than 75 years, the United Nations Charter has functioned without the benefit of Chapter VII, Article 43, which commits all United Nations member states “to make available to the Security Council, on its call, armed forces, assistance, facilities, including rights of passage necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.” The consequences imposed by this 1945 decision have had a dramatic negative impact on the United Nation’s functional capacity as a global body for peace and security. This article summarizes the struggle to implement Article 43 over the decades from the onset of the Cold War, through diplomatic attempts during the post–Cold War era, to current and often controversial attempts to provide some semblance of conflict containment through peace enforcement missions. The rapid growth of globalization and the capability of many nations to provide democratic protections to their populations are again threatened by superpower hegemony and the development of novel unconventional global threats. The survival of the United Nations requires many long overdue organizational structure and governance power reforms, including implementation of a robust United Nations Standing Task Force under Article 43. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;13:655–662)

9. Resolution of the General Assembly on the Principles Governing the General Regulation and Reduction of Armaments, December 14, 1946.

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-225
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
General Regulation

1. In pursuance of Article 11 of the Charter and with a view to strengthening international peace and security in conformity with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations,THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,RECOGNIZES the necessity of an early general regulation and reduction of armaments and armed forces.

Maximum Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2020) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Margo Okazawa-Rey ◽  
Gwyn Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Air Force ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Class Youth

Okazawa-Rey and Kirk argue that the term maximum security, used in the context of the prison system, is an oxymoron. Jails, prisons, and other ‘correctional’ facilities provide no real security for communities, guards and other prison officials, or inmates. Imprisoning two million people, building more prisons, identifying poor and working-class youth of colour as ‘gang members,’ and criminalizing poor Black and Latina women does not increase security. Rather, the idea of security must be redefined in sharp contrast to everyday notions of personal security that are based on the protection of material possessions by locks and physical force, as well as prevailing definitions of national and international security based on a militarization that includes the police, border patrols, and armed forces such as the Navy, Army, Marines, and Air Force. To achieve genuine security, we must address the major sources of insecurity: economic, social, and political inequalities among and within nations and communities. The continual objectification of ‘others’ is a central mechanism underlying systems of oppression—and insecurity—based on class, race, gender, nation, and other significant lines of difference.

The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The United Nations

This volume documents the intellectual influence of the United Nations through its flagship publication, the World Economic and Social Survey (WESS) on its seventieth anniversary. Prepared at the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) and first published in 1948 as the World Economic Report (subsequently renamed the WESS), it is the oldest continuous post-World War II publication of this kind, recording and analysing the performance of the global economy and social development trends, and offering relevant policy recommendations. This volume highlights how well WESS has tracked global economic and social conditions, and how its analyses have influenced and have been influenced by the prevailing discourse over the past seven decades. The volume critically reflects on its policy recommendations and their influence on actual policymaking and the shaping of the world economy. Although world economic and social conditions have changed significantly over the past seven decades and so have the policy recommendations of the Survey, some of its earlier recommendations remain relevant today; recommendations in WESS provided seven decades ago seem remarkably pertinent as the world currently struggles to regain high levels of employment and economic activity. Thus, in many ways, WESS was ahead of the curve on many substantive issues. Publication of this volume will enhance the interest of the wider community of policymakers, academics, development practitioners, and members of civil society in the analytical work of the UN in general and UN-DESA in particular.

The application of humanitarian law by the armed forces of the United Nations Organization

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (206) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sandoz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The United Nations

The events in Lebanon and the despatch of a UN armed force to keep the peace there brings into focus a problem which cannot be ignored, the application of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts. This problem has two aspects:— What is the nature of the armed forces which the UN commits or can commit at the present time?— To what extent are these armed forces obliged to apply humanitarian law?

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