Ridit analysis of experimental data from animal models of yang deficiency induced by different doses of hydrocortisone

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Different Doses

Sympathetic component of neuropathic pain: Animal models and clinical diagnosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Laszlo A. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Although clinical studies and animal models seem to establish an important role for the sympathetic nervous system in many forms of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, there is an ongoing debate on the classification of pain syndromes with sympathetic components. The confusion originates from several sources: failure to acknowledge that the pathomechanism of chronic pain can change during the progress of the disease, which is now strongly underlined by experimental data from suitable animal models. Neuropathic pain is a vaguely defined collection of pain syndromes which includes painful conditions with diverse and largely unknown patho-mechanisms. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and well designed, placebo controlled sympathectomy is rarely performed. [blumberg et al.]

scholarly journals Early localized alterations of the retinal inner plexiform layer in association with visual field worsening in glaucoma patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247401
Author(s):  
Rukiye Aydın ◽  
Mine Barış ◽  
Ceren Durmaz-Engin ◽  
Lama A. Al-Aswad ◽  
Dana M. Blumberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer

Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve and a leading cause of irreversible blindness, worldwide. While the experimental research using animal models provides growing information about cellular and molecular processes, parallel analysis of the clinical presentation of glaucoma accelerates the translational progress towards improved understanding, treatment, and clinical testing of glaucoma. Optic nerve axon injury triggers early alterations of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) synapses with function deficits prior to manifest RGC loss in animal models of glaucoma. For testing the clinical relevance of experimental observations, this study analyzed the functional correlation of localized alterations in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), where RGCs establish synaptic connections with retinal bipolar and amacrine cells. Participants of the study included a retrospective cohort of 36 eyes with glaucoma and a control group of 18 non-glaucomatous subjects followed for two-years. The IPL was analyzed on consecutively collected macular SD-OCT scans, and functional correlations with corresponding 10–2 visual field scores were tested using generalized estimating equations (GEE) models. The GEE-estimated rate of decrease in IPL thickness (R = 0.36, P<0.001) and IPL density (R = 0.36, P<0.001), as opposed to unchanged or increased IPL thickness or density, was significantly associated with visual field worsening at corresponding analysis locations. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, this association was independent from the patients’ age, the baseline visual field scores, or the baseline thickness or alterations of retinal nerve fiber or RGC layers (P>0.05). These findings support early localized IPL alterations in correlation with progressing visual field defects in glaucomatous eyes. Considering the experimental data, glaucoma-related increase in IPL thickness/density might reflect dendritic remodeling, mitochondrial redistribution, and glial responses for synapse maintenance, but decreased IPL thickness/density might correspond to dendrite atrophy. The bridging of experimental data with clinical findings encourages further research along the translational path.

In vitro Evaluation of Ureteral Contractility: A Comparative Assessment of Human, Porcine and Sheep Ureteral Response to Vardenafil

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iason Kyriazis ◽  
Panagiotis Kallidonis ◽  
Ioannis Georgiopoulos ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Aown ◽  
George Sakellaropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agent ◽  
Amplitude Increase ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Relaxant Response ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Objectives: Basic science studies of ureteral physiology and pathophysiology are commonly performed on animal ureters due to several limitations associated with human ureteral sampling. In this work we question whether animal ureters are good replicas of human ureteral behavior for pharmacological studies. Materials and Methods: Ureteral rings from human, porcine and ovine ureters underwent the same organ bath protocol. After stimulation with KCl, ureters were subjected to different doses of vardenafil. Basic contractility and ureteral response to vardenafil were analyzed. Results: A different pattern of basic contractility was evidenced between species. Vardenafil administration induced a dose-dependent reduction in KCl-induced amplitude increase in human ureters and a dose-dependent reduction in autonomic contractile rhythm of porcine and ovine ureters. Although animal ureters could predict the relaxant response of human samples to vardenafil, its effect would have been overestimated using only animal models. Conclusions: Human ureteral investigations cannot entirely be replaced by existing animal models since results of the latter will vary significantly according to the tested pharmaceutical agent.

Regulatory peptides and the onset of nausea and vomiting

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kucharczyk ◽  
R. K. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting

There is no direct evidence that peptide hormones mediate vomiting observed during various cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, visceral, or neurological disorders. On the other hand, recent studies in animal models have demonstrated that several endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides can induce short-latency emesis following systemic or intracranial injections. This article reviews experimental data on peptide-induced emesis.Key words: emesis, neuropeptides, area postrema, angiotensin II, vasopressin.

The effects of silibinin on oxidative stress and microRNA-10b expression in animal models of breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Soleimani ◽  
Rasoul Sharifi ◽  
Minoo Mahmoodi ◽  
Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractBackground and aimsAmong the factors associated with cancer are the oxidative stress and increased expression of some microRNA (miRs). Silibinin has an anti-tumor effect. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of silibinin on oxidative stress indices and miR-10b expression in the animal models of breast cancer.Material and methodsIn this study, 48 Balb/c mice were divided into six groups (each group contains eight mice): the healthy control, the cancer control, the healthy group receiving 20 mg of silibinin, the cancer group receiving 20 mg of silibinin, the cancer group receiving 40 mg of silibinin and the cancer group receiving 80 mg of silibinin for three weeks. In order to induce cancer, 4T1 cell line was used. After obtaining breast tumor samples, the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and miR-10b expression in breast tumor biopsy were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney and t-test (p<0.05).ResultsThe use of silibinin at different doses increased the activity of SOD and GPX (significantly) and the level of TAC (significantly) in the treatment group compared to untreated cancerous mice, but mir-10b and MDA were decreased non-significant and significantly respectively.ConclusionSilibinin led to a non-significant reduction of miR-10b in the treatment group compared to untreated cancerous mice. Silibinin has been shown to improve oxidative stress in breast cancer mice.

scholarly journals Myocardial Impact of NHE1 Regulation by Sildenafil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana S. Escudero ◽  
Néstor G. Pérez ◽  
Romina G. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Phosphorylation State ◽  
Nhe1 Activity ◽  
Inhibitor Drug

The cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) is a membrane glycoprotein fundamental for proper cell functioning due its multiple housekeeping tasks, including regulation of intracellular pH, Na+ concentration, and cell volume. In the heart, hyperactivation of NHE1 has been linked to the development of different pathologies. Several studies in animal models that reproduce the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury or cardiac hypertrophy have conclusively demonstrated that NHE1 inhibition provides cardioprotection. Unfortunately, NHE1 inhibitors failed to reproduce these effects in the clinical arena. The reasons for those discrepancies are not apparent yet. However, a reasonable clue to consider would be that drugs that completely abolish the exchanger activity, including that its essential housekeeping function may not be the best therapeutic approach. Therefore, interventions tending to specifically reduce its hyperactive state without affecting its basal activity emerge as a novel potential gold standard. In this regard, a promising goal seems to be the modulation of the phosphorylation state of the cytosolic tail of the exchanger. Recent own experiments demonstrated that Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor drug that has been widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction is able to decrease NHE1 phosphorylation, and hence reduce its hyperactivity. In connection, growing evidence demonstrates cardioprotective properties of Sildenafil against different cardiac pathologies, with the distinctive characteristic of directly affecting cardiac tissue without altering blood pressure. This mini-review was aimed to focus on the regulation of NHE1 activity by Sildenafil. For this purpose, experimental data reporting Sildenafil effects in different animal models of heart disease will be discussed.

Regional Perfusion at High Temperature in Treatment of Stage IIIA-IIIAB Melanoma Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vaglini ◽  
Mario Ammatuna ◽  
Maurizio Nava ◽  
Auguste Prada ◽  
Dario Rovini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Perfusion Time ◽  
Melanoma Patients

The results obtained with isolation perfusions in stage IIIA-IIIAB melanoma patients, performed at 42.5–43 °C for 2.5 h, are reported. These temperatures and perfusion times were chosen on the basis of experimental data in animal models and in vitro. The clinical results were impressive, but the high percentage of complications and the high cost from a social and human point of view make this experience negative with regard to its clinical applicability, at least with such a high temperature and long perfusion time.

Dynamic Simulation of Ultra-Shallow Implantation Profiles in Single-Crystalline Silicon

1995 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Posselt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Binary Collision ◽  
Single Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe binary collision code Crystal-TRIM is applied to simulate 15 keV BF+2 and As+ implantations into channeling and "random" directions, at different doses. The buildup of radiation damage is described by assuming statistical creation of local amorphous regions and formation of amorphous zones if the density and/or size of the local amorphous regions exceeds a critical value. Damage accumulation during ion bombardment causes enhanced dechanneling and, therefore, the alteration of the shape of range and damage profiles. The depth profiles calculated by Crystal-TRIM show a good agreement with experimental data. The thickness of the amorphous layers formed at high doses is also in accordance with measurements.

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