scholarly journals The Behavior of Polymeric Blends (PP + PA6) in Tensile Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Andreea Elena Musteata ◽  
George Pelin ◽  
Mihail Botan ◽  
Adrian Popescu ◽  
Lorena Deleanu
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polymeric Blends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Testing Speed

This paper presents the influence of component concentration for a class of polymeric blends with different concentration of PP (polypropylene) and PA6 (polyamide 6) and a constant concentration of additives: CaCO3, LDPE (low density polyethylene) and a compatibilizer POLYBOND� 3200. Mechanical properties has been investigated for four different test speeds, from 10 mm/min to 1000 mm/min. Young�s modulus performs in a band between 1500...1900 MPa, except for the value for PA6 at the lowest testing speed (v=10 mm/min), that is 1444 MPa. At high concentration of PA6, there were noticed voids in the longitudinal direction of the samples, forming large parallel �empty channels�, as the two polymers are immiscible. Except for values at low testing speed, the average values for tensile stress at break perform in a band of less than 8 MPa. The elongation at break is less than 10% for all materials, except for PA6 at the lowest testing speed, when a higher value was obtained. The lowest values were obtained for the blend with 20% PA6. For blends with 60% and 80% PA6, the difference between values, at the same testing speed, is the smallest. Energy at break has a slightly increase with the concentration of PA6. From the mechanical point of view, among the formulated blends, material D (with 80% PA6) is the most promising as has the highest values for stress and energy at break (11.8 J at v=10 mm/min and 9.6 J at v=1000 mm/min), but values are still less than those for PA6.

scholarly journals Load Carrying Capacity of Drift Pin Joint of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) with Steel Insert Plate

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Shoichi Nakashima ◽  
Akihisa Kitamori ◽  
Kohei Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insert Plate

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a structural plate element which is approved in Europe and is intended to be approved in Japan. It consists of small dimension laminae, in which laminae parallel and perpendicular to longitudinal direction are interlaminated. We performed tensile tests for the drift pin joint with steel insert plate. Specimen consisted of CLT was made from Japanese cedar laminae (thickness of laminae t = 30mm, five laminae were layered), with steel drift pin plate. Odd-numbered layers were parallel to the longitudinal axis, and even-numbered layers were perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The experimental parameters were edge distances (3d, 4d and 7d), end distances (3d, 4d and 7d) and diameters of pin (12 and 16 mm) and the replication were three respectively. Initial stiffness was lower than the results of glulam drift pin joint loaded in parallel to the grain, however second stiffness after the yield of drift pin was higher because the lateral compression occurred at even-numbered layers. Additionally, ductility was higher because split failures around the pin were prevented by the glued effect of interlaminated layers. As the characteristic value of test results, initial stiffness K, yield load Py, maximum load Pmax, indicated the effect of the difference of the diameter of the pin, while deformation capacity indicated the effect of edge distance.

Flexible plasticized PLA with high crystallinity obtained by controlling the annealing temperature

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Hai Ran ◽  
Zhi-Yuan Jia ◽  
Yu-Ming Yang ◽  
Li-Song Dong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Crystallization Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
High Flexibility

AbstractIn this study, plasticized polylactide (PLA) was prepared by blending PLA with high stereoregularity and poly(ethylene glycol-co-propylene glycol) (PEPG) in a batch wise mixer and pressed into films. The influence of annealing temperature on the thermal properties and tensile properties of quenched plasticized PLA was investigated by DSC, DMA and tensile tests. It was found that plasticized PLA after cold crystallization can keep its high flexibility with an elongation at break over 300% by choosing a proper annealing temperature. The difference of crystallization morphology formed at the different annealing temperature was thought as a possible reason for this result.

scholarly journals The Study of Recycled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM-r)/Polypropylene (PP) Polymeric Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
MH Zulkifli ◽  
MSM Rasidi ◽  
NAM Rahim ◽  
L Musa ◽  
Abdul Hakim Masa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Polymeric Blends

Abstract In this study, recycled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM-r) were blended with polypropylene (PP) by compounding via heated two roll mills with the various ratio of EPDM-r. Certain blends were included with PP-g-MA as a compatibilizer. In tensile tests, the increasing of EPDM-r content in blends resulted in the reduction of tensile strength and Young’s Modulus but increased elongation at break. Furthermore, the presence of compatibilizer in blends enhanced the tensile properties. It was found all the samples with compatibilizer performs better results in tensile strength, Young’s Modulus, and elongation at break than samples without compatibilizer. On the other hand, the aging affected were studied on compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends. It was found that aging affects the samples by decreasing the tensile strength, Young’s Modulus, and elongation at break. The crosslink density had been found higher in the blends with high EPDM-r content as the EPDM-r had the ability to swell. The morphological study related to the structure with the tensile properties. It was confirmed that the presence of a compatibilizer increased the compatibility between EPDM-r and PP matrix.

Influence of gripping method on tensile properties of unidirectional thermoplastic CFRP – Round-robin activity for international standardization in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (28-30) ◽  
pp. 4161-4171
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Matsuo ◽  
Masaki Hojo ◽  
Kazuro Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gripping Force

For unidirectional thermoplastic composite materials, it is preferable to use tab-less specimens in tensile tests owing to the low adhesive performance between specimens and tabs, as well as considerable warpage in laminates due to compression molding. In this study, round-robin tests are performed for unidirectional laminates in the 0° and 90° directions by two types of thermoplastic composites – carbon/polyamide 6 and carbon/polypropylene. The purpose of the round-robin test is to examine the difference between tab-bonded and tab-less specimens. Statistical analyses determined the degree to which tab-less specimens influenced their evaluation of the mechanical performance. In addition, from the detailed experiments, precisely controlled gripping force, fine roughness of grip surfaces, and a few inserted abrasive papers had significant impact on the 0° tensile strength of tab-less specimens. Based on the results, 0° tab-less strength of the proposed gripping method was shown to be almost equal to that of tab-bonded specimens recommended by the present tensile test standard.

Cu Grain Boundary Embrittlement by Liquid Hg: A Comparison between Experiment and ab-initio Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Colombeau ◽  
Thierry Auger ◽  
Duane Johnson ◽  
Linlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grain Boundary Embrittlement ◽  
Solid Liquid

ABSTRACTWe have studied the LME phenomenon for the Cu/Hg couple, from an experimental and a computational point of view. We compared the LME behavior of standard oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper with Grain Boundary Engineered (GBE) copper (containing a high fraction of special Σ3 GBs). Experimentally, we find that special Σ3 GBs in copper are less prone than general GB to LME by liquid mercury. In parallel, we have investigated the difference in LME induced fracture between the symmetric Σ3(111)[110]70.5° tilt GB and the symmetric Σ5(210)[100]36.87° tilt GB by ab-initio calculations. The Hg segregation trend has been evaluated for these 2 GBs. Ab-initio tensile tests on the Σ3(111) GB with and without segregated Hg atoms have been performed. Finally solid/liquid interfaces have been modeled using ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) in order to calculate solid-liquid surface energies (γSL). Using a Griffith approach, we have evaluated the energy difference γGB - 2 γSL. The LME mechanism in Cu/Hg is discussed.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Pleasure as a Sign of Efficacy of Mental Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cabanac ◽  
Chantal Pouliot ◽  
James Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macintosh Computer ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Sensory Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Tasks

Previous work has shown that sensory pleasure is both the motor and the sign of optimal behaviors aimed at physiological ends. From an evolutionary psychology point of view it may be postulated that mental pleasure evolved from sensory pleasure. Accordingly, the present work tested empirically the hypothesis that pleasure signals efficacious mental activity. In Experiment 1, ten subjects played video-golf on a Macintosh computer. After each hole they were invited to rate their pleasure or displeasure on a magnitude estimation scale. Their ratings of pleasure correlated negatively with the difference par minus performance, i.e., the better the performance the greater the pleasure reported. In Experiments 2 and 3, the pleasure of reading poems was correlated with comprehension, both rated by two groups of subjects, science students and arts students. In the majority of science students pleasure was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only one arts student showed this relationship; this result suggests that the proposed relationship between pleasure and cognitive efficiency is not tautological. Globally, the results support the hypothesis that pleasure is aroused by the same mechanisms, and follows the same laws, in physiological and cognitive mental tasks and also leads to the optimization of performance.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

ЕКАТЕРИНА ВЕЛИКАЯ И ДИАЛЕКТИКА ПРОСВЕЩЕННОЙ МОНАРХИИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
С. И. Дудник ◽  
И. Д. Осипов
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The People ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conservative Values

The article discusses the problems of evolution and the formation of the ideology of an enlightened monarchy in Russia. In this regard, the philosophical and political ideas of Catherine the Great, as well as their theoretical and ideological premises, are analyzed. It is noted that the philosophy of education in Russia was closely connected with the concepts of Voltaire, Didro, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Bentham, their views on natural law and human freedom, humanism and the rule of law. These concepts in the philosophy of Catherine received a specific interpretation, due to the sociocultural conditions of Russia. This was manifested in the famous work of Catherine the Great “The Nakaz”, which recognized Montesquieu's argument in favor of the autocracy, but at the same time, his point of view on the separation of powers was rejected. The specificity of the doctrine of enlightened monarchy lies in the combination of liberal and conservative values, which form eclectic forms. This was the dialectic of the supreme power, the difference between the enlightened monarchy and the ideology of absolutism. The article also notes that education in Russia is associated with fundamental socio-political reforms, processes of secularization of culture. At this time, the natural and human sciences are developing. The changes positively influenced the development of medicine, beautification of towns and public education. Also considered are the views on the autocracy of the opposition nobility intelligentsia: A. N. Radishchev and noted that his criticism of the autocracy was determined by an alternative cultural policy, proceeding from the protection of the interests of the people. The doctrine of enlightened monarchy is characterized by internal worldview inconsistency and political inconsistency, which did not allow solving the pressing social problems of the establishment of legal state, democratization of society and the abolition of serfdom.

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