scholarly journals Testing Methods of Assessment for the Chemical Resistance of Insulating Materials Against the Effect of Selected Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Otrisal ◽  
Zdenek Melicharik ◽  
Lubomir Svorc ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ioan Virca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Chemical Resistivity

The Czech Armed Forces' soldiers of all specializations and mainly the chemical corps'specialist are prepared for task fulfillment in military and non-military operations within those a real threat of weapons of mass destruction employment and, occasionally, the real danger of toxic industrial materials leakage is present. They can solve problems caused by acids leakage in contaminated areas mainly during task fulfillment in non-military operations on the Czech Republic territory in cooperation with Fire Rescue Brigades' chemical specialists. Individual protective equipment which is established in the Czech Armed Forces were neither design for this purpose and, moreover, nor tested and thus there is no real data concerning their chemical resistivity. In recent time, some methods have been introduced into the Czech Armed Forces environment. They are useful for determination of chemical resistivity of barrier materials against toxic compounds detectable with acid-basic (colorimetric) methods and conductometric ones. The paper deals with the possibility of using the presented methods and compares the suitability of their application in relation to the protective garments designated for the Czech Armed Forces members' body surface.

scholarly journals The influence of weapons of mass destruction on international security in the second decade of the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 109-141
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Wątor
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Security ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Force Factor ◽  
Precise Estimation

The article outlines reasons for the significant increase of the hazard posed by weapons of mass destruction in the current decade. Despite the international community’s efforts made throughout the years, it has not been possible to eliminate them, significantly lower their arsenal or prevent their building or transfer. What has increased is the importance of weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear ones, as a force factor in international relations. This tendency will probably continue in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the article focuses on explaining the mechanisms of this process and its connections with numerous events and facts influencing international security. Special significance is ascribed to a precise estimation of the risk posed by weapons of mass destruction and determination of its hierarchy. Moreover, the article presents the forms and methods of the activities undertaken by countries and international organisations regarding the prevention of proliferation (via disarmament treaties and informal forums) and assesses their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Scientific and Technical Analysis of the Main Trends in Research during the Development of New Decontaminants and Decontaminating Equipment

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Military Units

The article is concerned with the current system of the decontaminants and decontamination equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The authors indicate that the main decontamination work during the fighting with the use of weapons of mass destruction http://journal.ofhim.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/6/6must be done by the soldiers themselves with the application of the decontamination equipment at their disposal. This equipment should be repairable, simple and convenient in use, not expensive in production and have extended storage life. Military units of radiological, chemical and biological defence should be involved in the most difficult and responsible decontamination operations, connected with the decontamination of the command and control centers, large-size military equipment and individual protection equipment. The article is concerned with the main trends in the research, connected with the creation of new, more advanced individual means of decontamination, development of portable decontamination equipment, decontaminants and ways of decontamination

Self-Defense in an Imperfect World

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brown
Keyword(s):  
Specific Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Mere Possession

In his address at West Point on June 1, 2002, President George W. Bush appeared to be signaling America's willingness to regard the mere possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by potential enemies as grounds for an anticipatory war. Historically, however, a clear distinction has been drawn between preemptive and preventive, or anticipatory, war, with the latter regarded as illegitimate. The National Security Strategy announced by the president on September 20, 2002, was more conventional in its approach to preemption, but doubts remain as to whether the old distinction can be preserved. And this discussion is taking place in the context of a specific problem, namely the apparent desire of Iraq to obtain WMD and the determination of the United States, and, less clearly expressed, the UN Security Council, to prevent this from happening.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chemical Resistance of Barrier Materials based on Practical Application of Conductometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669
Author(s):  
Pavel Otřísal ◽  
Stanislav Florus
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
High Relative Permittivity ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract A paper deals with basic theoretical approaches for conductometry employment and its possibilities within testing chemical resistance of barrier materials. A classical conductometry is one from the oldest electro-analytical methods which deals with a measurement of conductivity of solution in water or even another solvent with high relative permittivity when comes to dissociation of an electrolyte on ions. Within employment of conductometric test for evaluation of chemical resistance of barrier materials used in anti-gas protection of the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps specialists based theoretical principles have been used. Their application, however, have reached a certain degree of rationalization such as the employment of special carbon electrodes, ensuring temperature compensation within performing long measurements and ensuring mixture of the electrolyte.

scholarly journals Problems of adjusting a filtering gas mask during its prolonged use

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Dorota Kamionek ◽  
Władysław Harmata
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Optoelectronic Method ◽  
Gas Mask

This paper characterizes the problem of matching masks that are part of individual means of protection against contamination. The method of matching masks in the Polish Armed Forces with the use of irritating chemical agents such as chloropicrin and CS was analyzed. The paper presents the results of tests on the matching of modern filtering masks using the optoelectronic method during long-term use. They were analyzed and compared with the results of the reference method ‒ total internal leakage. Keywords: defense against weapons of mass destruction, individual protective equipment, fitting filter masks

Complex Intersections

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Louis René Beres
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Military Necessity

Going forward, Israel’s foreign policy and defense planners will face increasingly complex challenges to the country’s national security. Such core challenges will present themselves in military and jurisprudential terms, and will need to be confronted together, sometimes in their more-or-less plausible interactions or synergies. One area of especially great significance will concern prospective enemy crimes of “perfidy”. Of most plainly urgent importance in this regard would be those circumstances wherein Palestinian and/or Shiite Arab terror attacks could involve weapons of mass destruction. To best avoid such dire circumstances, Israel will have to pay growing attention to certain measured strategies of preemption or “anticipatory self-defense.” Throughout its pertinent military operations, Jerusalem/Tel Aviv will need to heed the always binding expectations of “distinction,” “proportionality,” and “military necessity”, and to acknowledge the ongoing primacy of dispassionate intellectual analysis over any more narrowly political assessments.

scholarly journals Protection against weapons of mass destruction. Technical and functional solutions for sub-units of the Territorial Defense Forces — collective protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Władysław Harmata ◽  
Marek Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
And Performance

This material characterises the defense against weapons of mass destruction, as a system of security forces in case of risks of contamination (infections) in functional and performance-oriented terms. The basic technical equipment of the troops of the Polish Armed Forces is presented. It can be divided into the equipment and resources to identify contamination, protection against contamination, and decontamination. Keywords: defense against weapons of mass destruction, equipment for protection against contamination

scholarly journals A New Colorimetric Assay for Determination of Selected Toxic Vapors and Liquids Permeation Through Barrier Materials Using the Minitest Device

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Otrisal ◽  
Stanislav Florus ◽  
Lubomir Svorc ◽  
Ghita Barsan ◽  
Danut Mosteanu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Barrier Material ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Static Conditions

A moment of permeation of both gaseous and liquid phases of a toxic compound through a barrier material has been indicated colorimetrically at the same time on 20 exposed places using suitable colour indicators. The newly developed device MINITEST is able to evaluate the resistivity of both porous and non-porous barrier materials of a textile character against permeation of toxic vapours (permeation) and liquids (penetration) in static conditions. As a model test chemical either the sulfur mustard or significantly alkaline or acid volatile toxic compound have been applied. During the permeation, these species react with a suitable acid-base indicator and a markedly coloured stain can be created. Newly developed MINITEST device enables determination of chemical resistance of areal barrier materials not only in a process of their development but also in the rate of their practical applications.

Frelimo: 1970 and 1974

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Nationalist Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
White Farmers

From late June through early July 1974, well over four hundred FRELIMO operations were reported in Mozambique. These included major sabotage attacks on the important Tete railway line which links Mozambique's port city, Beira, with the Tete District where the Cabora Bassa dam project is located, the dramatic capture and occupation for the first time by frelimo of a central town (Morrumbala), and the opening of a new front on July 1 in the Zambesia Province between the Indian Ocean and Malawi. This latter action has prompted the white farmers of the rich Zambesia agricultural district to appeal to the frelimo nationalists who, in turn, have assured them that “they have nothing to fear from nationalist action., “The resolve with which the Mozambique Liberation Front conducted military operations in the three months following the April 25 coup d'etat in Portugal was a sign of the absolute determination of the liberation forces to secure the establishment and recognition of a nationalist government in Mozambique. In fact, recognition of such a FRELIMO government has been virtually assured by what is currently the most powerful group in Portuguese politics: the “political” or “coordinating” committee of the Armed Forces Movement. The young officers who make up this committee remained a small and fairly anonymous body until mid-July and the formation of a second Portuguese provisional government headed by “the brain” of the Movement, Colonel Vasco dos Santos Goncalves, who succeeded Adelino da Pal ma Carlos as Prem.

The Most Significant Influences of Decontamination Mixtures Containing Chlorinating and Oxidizing Agents on Barrier Materials Formed by Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Otrisal ◽  
Zdenek Melicharik ◽  
Lubomir Svorc ◽  
Romana Oancea ◽  
Vlad Barsan
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Breakthrough Time ◽  
Barrier Material ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

The influences of hypochlorite DM with oil ingredient and without it, which is introduced into the armament not only by the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps, but also by the chemical services specialists of the Czech Republic Fire Rescue Service, on a substrate consisting of a barrier material based on isobutylene-isoprene rubber (butyl rubber) were presented in this paper. Based on the repeated exposure of the substrate formed by the barrier layer material selected by this decontamination mixture and its subsequent rinsing, a change of the breakthrough time has been studied using the MIKROTEST method employing the chemical warfare agent of sulfur mustard and Congo red as a detecting agent.

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