scholarly journals Grassy biomes: An inconvenient reality for large-scale forest restoration? A comment on the essay by Chazdon and Laestadius

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Veldman ◽  
Fernando A. O. Silveira ◽  
Forrest D. Fleischman ◽  
Nataly L. Ascarrunz ◽  
Giselda Durigan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Stand Stability of Pure and Mixed-Eucalyptus Forests of Different Tree Species in a Typhoon-Prone Area

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Haiyan Deng ◽  
Linlin Shen ◽  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Xiaoyong Mo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Preservation Rate

Background and Objectives: The stable stand structure of mixed plantations is the basis of giving full play to forest ecological function and benefit. However, the monocultural Eucalyptus plantations with large-scale and successive planting that caused ecological problems such as reduced species diversity and loss of soil nutrients have presented to be unstable and vulnerable, especially in typhoon-prone areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonspatial structure difference and the stand stability of pure and mixed-Eucalyptus forests, to find out the best mixed pattern of Eucalyptus forests with the most stability in typhoon-prone areas. Materials and Methods: In this study, we randomly investigated eight plots of 30 m × 30 m in pure and mixed-Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × E. grandis W. Hill) plantations of different tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, Acacia mangium Willd., and Pinus elliottii var. Elliottii Engelm. × P. caribaea Morelet) on growth status, characterized and compared the distribution of nonspatial structure of the monoculture and mixtures, and evaluated the stand quality and stability from eight indexes of the nonspatial structure, including preservation rate, stand density, height, diameter, stem form, degree of stem inclination, tree-species composition, and age structure. Results: Eucalyptus surviving in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium (EA) and in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and P. elliottii × P. caribaea (EP) were 5.0% and 7.6% greater than those in pure Eucalyptus plantation (EE), respectively, while only the stand preservation rate of EA was greater (+2.9%) than that of the pure Eucalyptus plantation. The proportions of all mixtures in the height class greater than 7 m were fewer than that of EE. The proportions of EA and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and N. cadamba (EN) in the diameter class greater than 7 m were 10.6% and 7.8%, respectively, more than that of EE. EN had the highest ratio of branching visibly (41.0%), EA had the highest ratio of inclined stems (8.1%), and EP had the most straight and complete stem form (68.7%). The stand stability of the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium presented to be optimal, as its subordinate function value (0.76) and state value (ω = 0.61) of real stand were the largest. Conclusions: A. mangium is a superior tree species to mix with Eucalyptus for a more stable stand structure in the early growth stage to approach an evident and immense stability and resistance, which is of great significance for the forest restoration of Eucalyptus in response to extreme climate and forest management.

Engaging People for Large-Scale Forest Restoration: Governance Lessons from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-402
Author(s):  
Ludmila P. de Siqueira ◽  
Anazélia M. Tedesco ◽  
Ricardo R. Rodrigues ◽  
Rafael B. Chaves ◽  
Natália C. B. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Primates Can Be a Rallying Symbol to Promote Tropical Forest Restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Chapman ◽  
Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques ◽  
Amy E. Dunham ◽  
Pengfei Fan ◽  
Peter J. Fashing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Tropical Country

With 60% of all primate species now threatened with extinction and many species only persisting in small populations in forest fragments, conservation action is urgently needed. But what type of action? Here we argue that restoration of primate habitat will be an essential component of strategies aimed at conserving primates and preventing the extinctions that may occur before the end of the century and propose that primates can act as flagship species for restoration efforts. To do this we gathered a team of academics from around the world with experience in restoration so that we could provide examples of why primate restoration ecology is needed, outline how primates can act as flagship species for restoration efforts of tropical forest, review what little is known about how primate populations respond to restoration efforts, and make specific recommendations of the next steps needed to make restoration of primate populations successful. We set four priorities: (1) academics must effectively communicate both the value of primates and the need for restoration; (2) more research is needed on how primates contribute to forest restoration; (3) more effort must be put into Masters and PhD level training for tropical country nationals; and finally (4) more emphasis is needed to monitor the responses of regenerating forest and primate populations where restoration efforts are initiated. We are optimistic that populations of many threatened species can recover, and extinctions can be prevented, but only if concerted large-scale efforts are made soon and if these efforts include primate habitat restoration.

scholarly journals Annual changes in a bird assembly on artificial perches: Implications for ecological restoration in a subtropical agroecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilquer Francisco Vogel ◽  
Erica Spotswood ◽  
João Batista Campos ◽  
Fernando Campanhã Bechara
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Bird Assemblage ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tropical Forest Restoration ◽  
One Year

Artificial perches are used in tropical forest restoration projects to increase the dispersal of seeds into restored areas. The ability of perches to enhance seed deposition depends on their ability to attract seed dispersing birds, as well as the correlation between the season of bird visits to perches and the phenology of fruit production in adjacent forests. Using data collected from a large-scale restoration project, we characterized the community of birds that utilize artificial perches over the course of one year. We hypothesized that the structure of a bird assemblage that uses artificial perches is affected by seasonal variation. We aimed to describe the richness, abundance and diversity of a bird assemblage on artificial perches in a subtropical Atlantic forest restoration experiment in Southern Brazil. Richness and abundance estimates of the avian fauna were obtained from eight artificial perches placed in four experimental plots (∼2 y-old). Parameters of richness and abundance were compared using ANOVA. The bird assemblage was described using SHE analysis [richness (S), diversity (H') and evenness (E)], with additional estimates of occurrence and dominance. In total, 451 records of 32 ± 3.16 SD species were obtained. Thraupidae was the most numerous family (nine species, 28.12% of the total). Richness and abundance varied seasonally and were highest during spring and summer. Five migratory species of flycatchers were recorded between spring and early autumn. Perches were ineffective in attracting specialized frugivorous birds, emphasizing that seed dispersal tends to be carried out primarily by generalist omnivores in the initial phase of forest regeneration.

scholarly journals Earth system feedbacks following large-scale tropical forest restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Chris Brierley ◽  
Simon L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
System Response ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. To achieve the Paris Agreement requires aggressive mitigation strategies alongside negative emission technologies. Recent studies suggest that increasing tree cover can make a substantial contribution to negative emissions, with the tropics being the most suitable region from a biogeophysical perspective. Yet these studies typically do not account for subsequent carbon cycle and climate feedback processes of large-scale land use change. Here we quantify the maximum potential temperature and CO2 benefits from pantropical forest restoration, including earth system feedbacks, using a fully-coupled, emission-driven Earth System Model (HadGEM2-ES). We perform an idealised experiment where all land use in the tropics is stopped and vegetation is allowed to recover, on top of an aggressive mitigation scenario (RCP 2.6). We find that tropical restoration of 1529 Mha increases carbon stored in live biomass by 130 Pg C by 2100 CE. Whilst avoiding deforestation and tropical restoration in the tropics removes 42 Pg C compared to RCP 2.6, feedback processes mean that carbon in the atmosphere only reduces by 18 Pg C by 2100. The resulting, small CO2 (9 ppm) benefit does not translate to a detectable reduction in global surface air temperature compared to the control experiment. The greatest carbon benefit is achieved 30–50 years after restoration before the Earth System response adjusts to the new land-use regime and declining fossil fuel use. We identify three model-independent key points: (i) the carbon benefit of restoration is CO2-scenario dependent, (ii) in a world that follows Paris Agreement emission cuts restoration is best deployed immediately, and (iii) the ocean carbon feedbacks will reduce the efficacy of negative emissions technologies. We conclude that forest restoration can reduce peak CO2 mid-century, but can only be a modest contribution to negative emissions.

scholarly journals Estimating Biomass Availability and Cost When Implementing Forest Restoration with Tethered Harvest Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Joshua H Petitmermet ◽  
Jeremy S Fried ◽  
John Sessions
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Biomass Availability

Abstract Using an adaptation of Forest Inventory and Analysis’s BioSum framework, which models prospective management of forested landscapes using forest inventory data, we tested several fire-resistance-promoting restoration treatments, implemented with tethered cut-to-length harvest systems, for effectiveness and economic feasibility in the dry national forests of southern Oregon and northern California. Treatments elevated fire resistance on most forested area, primarily via increases in the separation of canopy and surface fuels and among tree crowns, and the most effective treatments could more than cover treatment cost with sales of wood in most stands. If, instead of disposal by burning at the landing, small-diameter wood was delivered to a biochar facility capable of paying US$50 per bone dry ton, this would increase the share of forest area on which treatment could break even from 61 percent to 67 percent, slightly more than the 66 achievable with a treatment subsidy of US$100 ac−1. Potential treatment area appears to be currently constrained by institutional capacity, not treatment effectiveness, economics, opportunity, or need. Even with the currently modest scale of management activity, sufficient biochar feedstock is available in the upper Klamath Basin to supply at least one large-scale biochar facility over the next 20 years.

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