scholarly journals Chloroplast microsatellite primers for cacao (Theobroma cacao ) and other Malvaceae

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. e372-e374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Y. Yang ◽  
Lambert A. Motilal ◽  
Hannes Dempewolf ◽  
Kamaldeo Maharaj ◽  
Q. C. B. Cronk
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite

scholarly journals Assessment of intraspecific genetic variation between three morphotypes of Cissus quadrangularis using CCMP markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kaur ◽  
CP Malik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The objective of the current study was to assess and establish intraspecific variation between three morphotypes of Cissus quadrangularis using ten Consensus Chloroplast Microsatellite Primers. Significant level of genetic variation was detected between the three morphotypes. Sequence analysis of the CCMP PCR fragment showed the high degree of similarity to the chloroplast genome sequences of other Vitaceae members indicating that these regions are highly conserved.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 205-212, 2014 (December)

A set of chloroplast microsatellite primers for Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. STEANE ◽  
R. C. JONES ◽  
R. E. VAILLANCOURT
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite

scholarly journals Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation among Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Populations Based on Chloroplast Markers

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Helmuth Edisson Nieves-Orduña ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Konstantin V. Krutovsky ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is native to the Amazon basin and widely cultivated in the tropics to produce seeds, the valuable raw material for the chocolate industry. Conservation of cacao genetic resources and their availability for breeding and production programs are vital for securing cacao supply. However, relatively little is still known about the phylogeographic structure of natural cacao populations. We studied the geographic distribution of cpDNA variation in different populations representing natural cacao stands, cacao farms in Ecuador, and breeding populations. We used six earlier published cacao chloroplast microsatellite markers to genotype 233 cacao samples. In total, 23 chloroplast haplotypes were identified. The highest variation of haplotypes was observed in western Amazonia including geographically restricted haplotypes. Two observed haplotypes were widespread across the Amazon basin suggesting long distance seed dispersal from west to east in Amazonia. Most cacao genetic groups identified earlier using nuclear SSRs are associated with specific chloroplast haplotypes. A single haplotype was common in selections representing cacao plantations in west Ecuador and reference Trinitario accessions. Our results can be used to determine the chloroplast diversity of accessions and in combination with phenotypic assessments can help to select geographically distinctive varieties for cacao breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Relationship between Trigonella-Melilotus complex Using CCMP Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Hora ◽  
C.P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Chromosomal Alterations

To distinguish the taxa at the specific and varietal levels a range of DNA fingerprinting techniques are being employed. The objective of the current study was to establish the genetic correlation between the Trigonella-Melilotus complex i.e. M. indica, M. alba and Trigonella polyceratia using ten Consensus Chloroplast Microsatellite Primers (CCMPs). The polymorphism between the two genera indicated that they are intimately related and symbolize novel incongruity. Owing to less significant level of genetic variation, detected through CCMP, the differences between the two genera could be accredited to gene mutation or inconsequential chromosomal alterations. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(1): 59-66, 2013 (June)

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE AMÊNDOAS E QUALIDADE DE LIQUOR DE CACAU (Theobroma cacao L.) SUPERIOR BAHIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Melo Neto ◽  
E.A. Carvalho ◽  
D.L.N. Mello ◽  
A.C. Anjos ◽  
A.C.R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

In vitro antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of five edible plant extracts and mode of action against several MDR Gram-negative phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Carine M.N. Ngaffo ◽  
Simplice B. Tankeo ◽  
Michel-Gael F. Guefack ◽  
Brice E. N. Wamba ◽  
Paul Nayim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background: Bacterial infections involving the multidrug resistant (MDR) strains are among the top leading causes of death throughout the world. Healthcare system across the globe has been suffering from an extra-ordinary burden in terms of looking for the new and more potent antimicrobial compounds. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of some Cameroonian edible plants (Garcinia lucida bark, Phoenix dactylifera pericarps, Theobroma cacao pod, Solanum macrocarpon leaves and Termitomyces titanicus whole plant) and their antibiotics-potentiation effects against some MDR Gram-negative bacteria phenotypes expressing efflux pumps (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia stuartii strains). Methods: The antibacterial activities of plant extract alone and in combination with usual antibiotics were carried out using the micro-dilution method. The effects of the most active plant extract (Garcinia lucida bark) on H+-ATPase-mediated proton pumps and on bacterial growth kinetic were performed using experimental protocols, while qualitative reference methods were used to highligh the major groups of secondary metabolites present in the extracts. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of plant extracts indicated that all analysed secondary metabolites were present in Theobroma cacao and Termitomyces titanicus while one (saponins) of them was absent in Garcinia lucida and Solanum macrocarpon. Only three of them (polyphenols, flavonoids and saponins) were detected in Phoenix dactylifera. Antibacterial essays showed that G. lucida was the most active plant as it inhibited the growth of all studied bacteria with strong activity (MIC<100 µg/mL) against E. coli ATCC8739, significant activity (100≤MIC≤512 µg/mL) against 80% of bacteria and moderate activity (512<MIC≤2048 µg/mL) against E. coli AG100A and E. aerogenes (EA289 and CM64). It was followed by T. cacao and S. macrocarpon extracts which exhibited an antibacterial potential against 95% and 80% of bacterial strains, respectively. These three extracts exhibited a bactericidal effect on a few bacteria. Extracts from T. titanicus and P. dactylifera were less active as they moderately (512<MIC≤2048 µg/mL) inhibited the growth of 35% and 10% of bacteria. All extracts selectively potentiated the activities of all antibiotics with improvement activity factors (IAF) ranging from 2 to 256. G. lucida, T. cacao and S. macrocarpon potentiated the activities of 100%, 89% and 67% of antibiotics respectively against more than 70%, suggesting that they contain bioactive compounds which could be considered as efflux pumps inhibitors. Whereas T. titanicus and P. dactylifera improved the activities of almost 40% and 20% of antibiotics, respectively. This increase of activities also characterizes synergistic effects between antibiotics and these bioactive compounds. G. lucida extract at all tested concentrations, strongly inhibited the growth of bacterial strain E. coli ATCC8739 and exhibited an inhibitory effect on this bacterial H+-ATPase-mediated proton pumps increasing the pH of the medium. Conclusion: The overall results indicated that food plants among which G. lucida, T. cacao and S. macrocarpon could have a benefit interest in combatting resistant types of bacteria. Keywords: Food plants; infectious diseases; MDR bacteria; efflux pumps; antibiotics; secondary metabolites.

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