scholarly journals Impact of sewage water irrigation on agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flooded Field

The rapidly increasing population growth and the steady increase in water requirements for agricultural and industrial development have placed severe stress on the water resources available and the long term use of sewage water for irrigation highly affects soil properties. In this study soil samples were collected from a cauliflower field prior and after sewage water irrigation, and the impact of sewage water irrigation on physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil was compared. For this, tested were pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, and microbial activity. Soil microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, total viable count of bacteria, coliform population, Pseudomonas species, and Azotobacter significantly increased after sewage water irrigation as compared to prior to irrigation. Nevertheless, the bulk density and Rhizobium species of the soil flooded with sewage water was decreased relative to the same characteristics prior to irrigation. Cauliflower yield was significantly increased when sewage water flooded field as compared to the tube well water flooded field (i.e., water delivered via an iron pipe). Escherichia coli contamination was greater in sewage water and groundwater that can pose health risks for the nearby communities, to farmers and consumer of farm products. Hence, the efficient use of sewage and municipal wastewater successfully increase water resource for irrigation and may help in expanding agricultural production. But excessive use of sewage water may also affect the soil flora and fertility.

scholarly journals Soil Properties as Influenced by Long Term Herbicide with or without Organic Manure Application in Transplanted Rice-Rice System

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goswami ◽  
◽  
S. Dutta ◽  
N. C. Deka ◽  
K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Term Trial

Transplanted autumn rice-winter rice is one of the major rice-based cropping systems followed under specific soil type and land situation that faces diverse weed flora and intensity. The soil physical, chemical and biological properties of a long-term trial, being conducted since 2001 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India were evaluated after completion of tenth crop cycles of rice-rice cropping sequence. Rotational application of pre-emergence, followed by post-emergence herbicide significantly increased grain yield in both the crops. The pH of the soil increased and fractions of soil acidity decreased significantly, while the cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ increased significantly by organic manure application for partial N-fertilizer substitution. The application of organic manure significantly increased organic carbon and positively influenced available nitrogen and phosphorous content in soil. The microbial biomass carbon, urease activity were unaffected by herbicide application but were enhanced by organic manure addition. Application of herbicide significantly reduced the acid phosphatase activity in soil, while it had a positive effect on dehydrogenase activity and the effect was pronounced by addition of the organic manure. The effect of rotation of herbicide was not obvious and was limited to a few biological properties.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Organics with Nitrogen Levels and Bio-fertilizers on Soil Chemico-biological Properties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop [Cv.PBW-343] in Inseptisol

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
L. G. Ramanandan ◽  
Narendra Swaroop ◽  
Arun Alferd David ◽  
Tarence Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Aims: To enhance soil quality, production, productivity and profit maximization with higher economic returns through integrated farming practices. In addition, to fulfill the needs of farmers economical point of view, academic, society and social reforms. Study Design: Effectiveness of organics with nitrogen levels and bio-fertilizers on soil chemico-biological properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop [Cv.PBW-343] in Inseptisol. Place and Duration of Study: The cumulative study period of 2018-19 and 2019-20, at research farm, department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, naini agricultural institute, sam higginbottom university of agriculture, technology and sciences, which is located at 25°58’ North latitude and 81°52' East longitude with an altitude of 98 meter above mean sea level and is situated 5km away on the right, bank of Yamuna river. Methodology: Randomized block design fallowed here with 12 treatment combinations replicated 3 times. Recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was applied @ 120:60:40 kg ha-1 as urea (46% N), single super phosphate (16% P2O5), muriate of potash (60% K2O) and zinc sulphate (21% Zn). The Azotobactor spp. and Azospirilium spp. (seed inoculants), applied at 3 kg ha-1 with farm yard manure @ 5 tha-1, at 5 cm depth in furrows, before seed sowing was done on 13th and 14th of November (2018-2019) with spacing of 22.5 X 5 cm. Wheat cultivar used here is  PBW-343 as a test crop. Results: The cumulative mean of  low soil pH (6.82), electrical conductivity (0.37 dS m-1) and free lime content (13.55%), the higher cation exchange capacity (16.37 cmol (p+) kg-1), higher available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available sulphur of 262.12: 21.75:220.51:32.57 kg ha-1, respectively, high available iron and zinc (i.e. 3.90 and 1.79  mg kg-1), low available manganese and copper (3.77 and 0.31 mg kg-1), further the cumulative mean of dehydrogenase enzyme activity (1.49 µg triphenyl-formazan g-1 day-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (186.35 µg para-nitrophenol g-1 hr-1) and microbial biomass carbon (37.59 g kg-1) was labelled in treatment (T9) consisting of 75% N + farm yard manure @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter spp + Azospirillum spp (3 kg ha-1) + zinc in comparison to in-organic application over control. Conclusion: The combined application of farm yard manure, Azotobacter spp and Azospirilium spp along with in-organics, has led to improvement in soil health potential, nutrient availability and yield sustenance under wheat crop cultivation.

The impact of the digital economy on the development of Russian industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Abrashkin ◽  
A. A. Vershinin
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Paradigms

The article analyzes the market of computer technologies. The theoretical substantiation of the scientific category «digital economy» and its economic components was given. Identified patterns of development of the domestic economy on the basis of informatization, the change of technological paradigms and the dynamics of industrial production. Based on the materials of the automotive industry, the influence of the digital economy on the internal industrial and technological structure of the industry and the results of its activities was proved. Also, the paper presents the main problems of sustainable industrial development in the context of socio-technical and economic means of developing science and technology in Russia.

scholarly journals Histological, Biomechanical, and Biological Properties of Genipin-Crosslinked Decellularized Peripheral Nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Óscar Darío García-García ◽  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
David González-Quevedo ◽  
David Sánchez-Porras ◽  
Jesús Chato-Astrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Histological Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Acellular nerve allografts (ANGs) represent a promising alternative in nerve repair. Our aim is to improve the structural and biomechanical properties of biocompatible Sondell (SD) and Roosens (RS) based ANGs using genipin (GP) as a crosslinker agent ex vivo. The impact of two concentrations of GP (0.10% and 0.25%) on Wistar rat sciatic nerve-derived ANGs was assessed at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility levels. Histology confirmed the differences between SD and RS procedures, but not remarkable changes were induced by GP, which helped to preserve the nerve histological pattern. Tensile test revealed that GP enhanced the biomechanical properties of SD and RS ANGs, being the crosslinked RS ANGs more comparable to the native nerves used as control. The evaluation of the ANGs biocompatibility conducted with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured within the ANGs confirmed a high degree of biocompatibility in all ANGs, especially in RS and RS-GP 0.10% ANGs. Finally, this study demonstrates that the use of GP could be an efficient alternative to improve the biomechanical properties of ANGs with a slight impact on the biocompatibility and histological pattern. For these reasons, we hypothesize that our novel crosslinked ANGs could be a suitable alternative for future in vivo preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Detection and Potential Virulence of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Wideman ◽  
James D. Oliver ◽  
Philip Glen Crandall ◽  
Nathan A. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Vbnc Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from routine Lm testing may not demonstrate a sample’s true hazard to public health. We suggest that supplementing routine Lm testing methods with methods designed to enumerate VBNC cells may more accurately represent the true level of risk. This review summarizes five methods for enumerating VNBC Lm: Live/Dead BacLightTM staining, ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide-stained real-time polymerase chain reaction (EMA- and PMA-PCR), direct viable count (DVC), 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CTC-DAPI) double staining, and carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (CDFA) staining. Of these five supplementary methods, the Live/Dead BacLightTM staining and CFDA-DVC staining currently appear to be the most accurate for VBNC Lm enumeration. In addition, the impact of the VBNC state on the virulence of Lm is reviewed. Widespread use of these supplemental methods would provide supporting data to identify the conditions under which Lm can revert from its VBNC state into an actively multiplying state and help identify the environmental triggers that can cause Lm to become virulent. Highlights: Rationale for testing for all viable Listeria (Lm) is presented. Routine environmental sampling and plating methods may miss viable Lm cells. An overview and comparison of available VBNC testing methods is given. There is a need for resuscitation techniques to recover Lm from VBNC. A review of testing results for post VBNC virulence is compared

scholarly journals Earthworms as an Ecological Indicator of Soil Recovery after Mechanized Logging Operations in Mixed Beech Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Soil Biological Properties ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Soil damage caused by logging operations conducted to obtain and maximize economic benefits has been established as having long-term effects on forest soil quality and productivity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of logging operations on earthworms as a criterion for soil recovery has never been conducted in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in soil biological properties (earthworm density and biomass) and its recovery process under the influence of traffic intensity, slope and soil depth in various intervals according to age after logging operations. Soil properties were compared among abandoned skid trails with different ages (i.e., 3, 10, 20, and 25 years) and an undisturbed area. The results showed that earthworm density and biomass in the high traffic intensity and slope class of 20–30% at the 10–20 cm depth of the soil had the lowest value compared to the other treatments. Twenty-five years after the logging operations, the earthworm density at soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 28.4% (0.48 ind. m−2) and 38.6% (0.35 ind. m−2), which were less than those of the undisturbed area, respectively. Meanwhile, the earthworm biomass at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 30.5% (2.05 mg m−2) and 40.5% (1.54 mg m−2) less than the values of the undisturbed area, respectively. The earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with total porosity, organic carbon and nitrogen content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density and C/N ratio. According to the results, 25 years after logging operations, the earthworm density and biomass on the skid trails were recovered, but they were significantly different with the undisturbed area. Therefore, full recovery of soil biological properties (i.e., earthworm density and biomass) takes more than 25 years. The conclusions of our study reveal that the effects of logging operations on soil properties are of great significance, and our understanding of the mechanism of soil change and recovery demand that harvesting operations be extensively and properly implemented.

scholarly journals Impact of Extreme Weather on Healthcare Utilization by People with HIV in Metropolitan Miami

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2442
Author(s):  
Daniel Samano ◽  
Shubhayu Saha ◽  
Taylor Corbin Kot ◽  
JoNell E. Potter ◽  
Lunthita M. Duthely
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
The Impact

Extreme weather events (EWE) are expected to increase as climate change intensifies, leaving coastal regions exposed to higher risks. South Florida has the highest HIV infection rate in the United States, and disruptions in clinic utilization due to extreme weather conditions could affect adherence to treatment and increase community transmission. The objective of this study was to identify the association between EWE and HIV-clinic attendance rates at a large academic medical system serving the Miami-Dade communities. The following methods were utilized: (1) Extreme heat index (EHI) and extreme precipitation (EP) were identified using daily observations from 1990–2019 that were collected at the Miami International Airport weather station located 3.6 miles from the studied HIV clinics. Data on hurricanes, coastal storms and flooding were collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Storms Database (NOAA) for Miami-Dade County. (2) An all-HIV clinic registry identified scheduled daily visits during the study period (hurricane seasons from 2017–2019). (3) Daily weather data were linked to the all-HIV clinic registry, where patients’ ‘no-show’ status was the variable of interest. (4) A time-stratified, case crossover model was used to estimate the relative risk of no-show on days with a high heat index, precipitation, and/or an extreme natural event. A total of 26,444 scheduled visits were analyzed during the 383-day study period. A steady increase in the relative risk of ‘no-show’ was observed in successive categories, with a 14% increase observed on days when the heat index was extreme compared to days with a relatively low EHI, 13% on days with EP compared to days with no EP, and 10% higher on days with a reported extreme weather event compared to days without such incident. This study represents a novel approach to improving local understanding of the impacts of EWE on the HIV-population’s utilization of healthcare, particularly when the frequency and intensity of EWE is expected to increase and disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. More studies are needed to understand the impact of EWE on routine outpatient settings.

Geological and geomorphological problems caused by transportation and industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorant David ◽  
Zoltan Ilyes ◽  
Zoltan Baros
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Surface Sealing ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlterations in topography due to the construction of transport infrastructure and industrial development are the results of rather complex processes. The impact of transport constructions upsetting (topographic) equilibrium is manifested in a relatively narrow strip, and, mostly, through producing abnormally steep slopes, in reducing relief stability. The earthworks for transport routes are themselves also landscape-forming factors whereas in the case of industrial developments, planation is usually mentioned. Topographic changes related to the construction of transport infrastructure and industrial development are discussed historically in this chapter. Among the direct impacts of the first are those related to the construction of Roman and Medieval roads, hollow roads in loess, public roads, motorways, railways, canals, tunnels and airports; while of the second are those of early mining and metallurgy, cellars, sludge reservoirs, slag cones and fly-ash reservoirs, cooling ponds, industrial parks, shopping centres and waste disposal sites. Of the indirect ones, an introduction is given to impacts of surface sealing, changes in runoff, the ‘waterfall effect,’ as well as to environmental impacts under permafrost conditions.

Impact of a wastewater treatment plant on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts occurring in a surface water

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carraro ◽  
E. Fea ◽  
S. Salva ◽  
G. Gilli
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the receiving water. All MWTP effluent samples were Giardia and Cryptosporidium contaminated, although low mean values were found for both parasites (0.21±0.06 oocysts/L; 1.39±0.51 cysts/L). Otherwise, in the raw sewage a greater concentration was detected (4.5±0.3 oocysts/L; 53.6±6.8 cysts/L). The major occurrence of Giardia over Cryptosporidium, both in the influent and in the effluent of the MWTP, is probably related to the human sewage contribution to the wastewater. Data on protozoa contamination of the receiving water body demonstrated similar concentrations in the samples collected before (0.21±0.07 oocysts/L; 1.31±0.38 cysts/L) and after (0.17±0.09 oocysts/L and 1.01±1.05 cysts/L) the plant effluent discharge. The results of this study suggest that the MWTP has no impact related to Giardia and Cryptosporidium river water contamination, and underline the need for investigation into the effectiveness of these protozoa removal by less technologically advanced MWTPs which are the most widespread and could probably show a lower ability to reduce protozoa.

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