scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Treatment of Clayey Diatomite at Temperature Range 800-1200°C

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianit A Reka ◽  
Blagoj Pavlovski ◽  
Egzon Ademi ◽  
Ahmed Jashari ◽  
Blazo Boev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Temperature Range

scholarly journals Structural-phase junctions in the system of Pt–Si during rapid thermal treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
U. A. Pilipenka ◽  
F. F. Komarov ◽  
V. A. Saladukha ◽  
V. A. Harushka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Platinum Silicide ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pt Films

In recent years the interest to silicides significantly rose relating to their huge potentialities as the material of the low-Ohm contacts and interconnections of metallization of the silicon integrated circuits. In view of this the necessity appeared to consider more extensively the thermal dynamic, electric and structural peculiarities of their formation. Purpose of the work was in investigation of influence of the rapid thermal treatment on the structural –phase junctions in the system of Pt–Si during formation of platinum silicide. As samples, the Pt films were used, 43.7 nm thick and applied on the substrates of the mono-crystal silicon KEF КЭФ 0.5 with orientation (111) by means of the magnetron sputtering of the platinum target with purity of 99.95 % on the unit MRS 603 with the cryogenic pumping to the pressure not worse, than 5 · 10–5 Pa. As the operating medium, argon was used, whose purity constituted 99.933 %. Rapid thermal treatment was performed in the nitrogen medium within the temperature range from 200 to 550 °С with a step of 50 °С and the time period of 7 s. The process of interaction of platinum with silicon during treatment of the Pt–Si system was evaluated by means of the analysis of the RBS spectra. It is demonstrated, that within the temperature range of 200 °С ≤ Т ≤ 300 °С during 7 s of the rapid thermal process on the boundary of the metal film with the substrate, formation takes place of the Pt2Si layer owing to diffusion of the Pt atoms into silicon via the layer of the growing silicide. The temperature Т = 300 °С is peculiar for the complete application of the Pt film during 7 s in process of the silicide formation of the single phase system of Pt2Si. At 350 °С ≤ Т < 450 °С formation is registered of the double phase system of Pt2Si → PtSi, starting from the inter-phase boundary of Si/Pt2Si predominantly owing to the opposite diffusion of the Si atoms into the layer of Pt2Si. The temperature of the rapid thermal treatment Т = 450 °С marks formation of the thermally stable balanced structure of PtSi along the entire silicide thickness, which is 50–100 °С lower and considerably more rapid, than during the long-term balanced thermal treatment.

scholarly journals Nickel silicide formation with rapid thermal treatment in the heat balance mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
V. A. Pilipenko ◽  
Ja. A. Solovjov ◽  
P. I. Gaiduk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Nickel Silicide ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Specific Resistivity ◽  
Thermal Treatment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Nisi Phase ◽  
The Heat Balance

The formation of nickel silicide layers on (111)-Si substrates during rapid thermal annealing in the heat balance mode was studied by the Rutherford backscattering method, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysical measurements. Nickel films of about 70 nm thickness were deposited by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The rapid thermal treatment was carried out in a heat balance mode by irradiating the substrates backside with a non-coherent light flux of quartz halogen lamps in the nitrogen medium for 7 seconds up to the temperature range of 200 to 550 °C. The redistribution of nickel and silicon atoms to monosilicide NiSi composition starts already at a temperature of 300 °С and almost ends at a temperature of 400 °С. In the same temperature range, the orthorhombic NiSi phase with an average grain size of about 0.05–0.1 μm is formed. At a rapid thermal treatment temperature of 300 °C, two phases of silicides (Ni2 Si and NiSi) are formed, while a thin layer of unreacted Ni is retained on the surface. This fact can be explained by the high heating rate at the initial annealing stage, at which the temperature conditions of the NiSi phase formation occur earlier than the entire Ni layer manages to turn into the Ni2 Si phase. The layers with a simultaneous presence of three phases are characterized by a high roughness of the silicide-silicon interface. The dependence of the specific resistivity of nickel silicide layers shows an increase to the values of 26–30 μOhm · cm in the range of rapid thermal treatment temperatures of 200–250 °C and a subsequent decrease to the values of about 15 μOhm · cm at a rapid thermal treatment temperature of 400 °C. This value of specific resistivity is characteristic of the high conductivity of the NiSi phase and correlates well with the results of structure studies.

scholarly journals Research of Properties and Structure of Boron-modified Roll-foundry Iron

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Vdovin ◽  
A. A. Zaitseva ◽  
N. A. Feoktistov
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Metal Mold ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Chilled Cast Iron

<p class="1Body">The aim of the research is to determine the properties and the structure of boron-alloyed iron used for rolls production. It was found that boron can form different carbides in iron, which significantly improve both hardenability and microhardness. Iron borides Fe<sub>3</sub>(B,C) are also formed in cast iron as only 40% of carbon atoms in cementite matrix can be replaced by boron. Besides, boron influences the temperatures of structural constituents decomposition (increases the rate of cementite decomposition), it also decreases the temperatures of developing phase transformations. The research group determined the kinetics of martensite decomposition, which is formed when chilled cast iron is poured into a metal mold and then undergoes thermal treatment to the temperature of 400 °C. In the temperature range of 210 – 400 °C the main process is decomposition of the retained austenite into bainite, while in the temperature range of 400 – 500 °C, the main process is decomposition of martensite and forming a ferrite-cementite mixture. In order to get the necessary properties of the roll face, it is necessary to provide its thermal treatment (tempering), when it is heated to the temperature of 400 °C to avoid martensite decomposition, because otherwise in the process of roll operation it can result in crack formation. </p>

Enhancement of ODMR Contrasts of Silicon Vacancy in SiC by Thermal Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Yoji Chiba ◽  
Yuichi Yamazaki ◽  
Shin Ichiro Sato ◽  
Takahiro Makino ◽  
Naoto Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Density ◽  
Annealing Behavior ◽  
Silicon Vacancy ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Defect Centers ◽  
Optically Detected

We demonstrated the enhancement of the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast of negatively charged silicon vacancy (VSi-) in SiC by thermal treatment. To create high density VSi-, Proton Beam Writing (PBW) was conducted. After an annealing at 600 °C, ODMR contrast showed the highest value in the investigated temperature range. At a fewer irradiation fluence, despite no significant change was observed in terms of VSi- PL intensity, the improvement of the ODMR contrast was observed. Considering defect energy levels and annealing behavior previously reported, it was deduced that the improvement of the ODMR contrast was caused by the reduction of other irradiation induced defect centers, such as EH1/EH3 centers.

Enhanced lithium storage capability of a dual-phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2–carbon nanofiber anode with interfacial pseudocapacitive effect

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (89) ◽  
pp. 48632-48638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangman Sun ◽  
Donghua Teng ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Cheng Chi ◽  
Yunhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Lithium Storage ◽  
Temperature Range

Hydrothermal treatments of electrospun titanium dioxide/carbon nanofibers (TiO2/CNFs) in LiOH solution were performed in a temperature range of 130–190 °C, and then followed by a thermal treatment at 600 °C in N2 atmosphere.

Changes in the Degree of LRO in B2-Ordered Intermetallic FeAl

1998 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rohrhofer ◽  
H. Lang ◽  
P. Rosenkranz ◽  
R. Kozubski ◽  
W. Püschl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Isochronal Annealing ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ordered Intermetallic

ABSTRACTChanges in the degree of long-range order (LRO) have been investigated in B2-ordered intermetallicFe-44.8at%Al by electrical resistivity measurement (resistometry). Order variations were observed during isochronal annealing for different states of initial thermal treatment. A complicated behaviour of resistivity changes with temperature is observed when starting with a small degree of disorder. Very slight re-ordering is found already at about 470K and is surprisingly followed by a slight disordering above 530K. Only for very long annealing times the expected ordering tendency is observed in this temperature range. Above 710K re-ordering is continued and reversible equilibrium changes of order with temperature are observed above 830K.

scholarly journals Research of Properties and Structure of Boron-modified Roll-foundry Iron

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
K. N. Vdovin ◽  
A. A. Zaitseva ◽  
N. A. Feoktistov
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Metal Mold ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Chilled Cast Iron

<p class="1Body">The aim of the research is to determine the properties and the structure of boron-alloyed iron used for rolls production. It was found that boron can form different carbides in iron, which significantly improve both hardenability and microhardness. Iron borides Fe<sub>3</sub>(B,C) are also formed in cast iron as only 40% of carbon atoms in cementite matrix can be replaced by boron. Besides, boron influences the temperatures of structural constituents decomposition (increases the rate of cementite decomposition), it also decreases the temperatures of developing phase transformations. The research group determined the kinetics of martensite decomposition, which is formed when chilled cast iron is poured into a metal mold and then undergoes thermal treatment to the temperature of 400 °C. In the temperature range of 210 – 400 °C the main process is decomposition of the retained austenite into bainite, while in the temperature range of 400 – 500 °C, the main process is decomposition of martensite and forming a ferrite-cementite mixture. In order to get the necessary properties of the roll face, it is necessary to provide its thermal treatment (tempering), when it is heated to the temperature of 400 °C to avoid martensite decomposition, because otherwise in the process of roll operation it can result in crack formation. </p>

The Pozzolanic Activity of the Coal Gauge and its Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Jie Yu Chen ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhu ◽  
Xin Rong Lei
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Active Alumina ◽  
Activity Temperature

The pozzolanic activity of the coal gauge obtained by thermal treatment is evaluated. X-ray diffraction and the compressive strength of the geopolymer prepared by the heated coal gauge are seen as the pozzolanic activity evaluation basis. The active alumina, degrees of dehydroxylation and the specific gravity of coal gauge at different temperature are measured. The results show that the pozzolanic activity of the coal gauge heated at 600°C for 4h is highest in the pozzolanic activity temperature range of 550-850°C and bad at lower 500°Cand higher 900°C. The degree of dehydroxylation, the active alumina and the specific gravity have great influence on the pozzolanic activity of calcined coal gauge. In the temperature range of the pozzolanic activity, the higher is the degree of dehydroxylation and the active alumina, the greater the pozzolanic activity is. The minimum is the specific gravity, the greater the pozzolanic activity is. So, the pozzolanic activity of the coal gauge can be evaluated approximatively by them.

scholarly journals Modelling Contaminant Formation during Thermal Processing of Sea Buckthorn Purée

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Emilia Constantin ◽  
Kristina Kukurová ◽  
Ľubomír Daško ◽  
Nicoleta Stănciuc ◽  
Zuzana Ciesarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Quantity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Found Model ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Thermally Treated

Background: The impact of thermal treatment on acrylamide (ACR) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation was investigated for thermally treated sea buckthorn purée. Methods: An optimized procedure for minimizing ACR and HMF formation in thermally treated sea buckthorn purée was described. The precursors of ACR and HMF and their impact in heating of sea buckthorn purée to obtain jam-like products were also evaluated. Results: The contaminant content formed in samples was analyzed on thirteen running variants using a temperature range of 59.3–200.7 °C, and for heating durations between 5.9 and 34.1 min. The calculated equations of contaminant formation in sea buckthorn purée have established that the minimum content is formed at the lowest exposure time, between 10 and 20 min, for both ACR and HMF. The lowest ACR content was attained at 5.9-min exposure time and 130 °C temperature (0.3 µg/kg). For HMF the results revealed a lower quantity at 59.3 °C for 20-min exposure time (1.4 mg/kg). Conclusions: the found model is useful for the prediction of the best temperature/time conditions of the thermal treatment to obtain the lowest contaminates levels in the final product.

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