scholarly journals Evaluation of training on the programs to optimize antimicrobial use in medical residents of the province of Las Palmas

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-409
Author(s):  
Alejandro de Arriba-Fernández ◽  
Manuel Jesús Molina-Cabrillana ◽  
Ana Hernández-Aceituno ◽  
Fernando José García-López ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Response Variance ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global public health. This situation makes essential to establish programs to optimize antimicrobial use (PROA). Training needs are identified in the PROA of resident physicians and the results of the analysis of the associations between study variables and training in the rational and prudent use of antibiotics are presented in this analysis. Methods. Cross-sectional and analytical study through a self-administered questionnaire to a group of 506 medical residents of the province of Las Palmas. The association between resident’s characteristics and PROA training was calculated through logistic regression. Results. The associations between response variance and speciality were observed in most of the core component analysis (opportunity p=0.003, training p=0.007, motivation p=0.055 and hand hygiene p=0.044), followed by variance according to sex (capacity p=0.028, theoretical knowledge p=0.013, hand hygiene p=0.002). Very few differences were associated with age (capacity p=0,051 and hand hygiene p=0,054) or the year of expertise (hand hygiene p=0,032). Conclusions. The main training needs of resident physicians include one health, motivation, training, hand hygiene and information. The type of speciality followed by sex are the most important determinants on antibiotic use and resistance for resident physicians

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Nisa Yousaf ◽  
Sana Haider ◽  
Pervisha Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

scholarly journals Career prospects among dental and medical residents: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Abdul Saheer ◽  
Aishwarya Suresh ◽  
Shabnam Shaji ◽  
Arya Rajendran ◽  
Ashik Muhammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Category ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Career is the progress and actions taken by a person throughout lifetime, especially those related to that person’s occupation, and is often composed of the jobs held, titles earned, and work accomplished over a long period of time. It plays a very important role in the success of one’s life. Aim: The aim was to compare the career prospects among medical and dental residents in a private institution in Thodupuzha, Kerala. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 medical residents and 52 dental residents and was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. Results: In medical profession, it was found that majority (71%) of the residents were satisfied with their career. In dental category, 88% wished for medical sector, whereas in medical category, 60% would opt for engineering. It was reported that poor pay scale among 54% of the medical category and 59% of dental residents suggested less job in the market was the reason for dissatisfaction. Majority (73%) in medical residents and a very minimal (23%) of the dental residents would recommend the own profession to the fellow colleagues (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The dental residents were found to be dissatisfied with their career compared with medical graduates. Better job perspectives and better placements need to be created. Endorsement of effective policies is required.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness about HIV and AIDS among Iraqi College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohammad Naif ◽  
Asmaa H. Hwaid ◽  
Abdul-Razak S.H. Hasan ◽  
Rafal M. Khalifa ◽  
Ashwak T. Humadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background:Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the major global public health problems since their discovery in 1983. Knowledge and awareness about the transmission of the virus play an important role toward prevention and the control of the disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV and AIDS among university students of two Iraqi Universities (Diyala and Al-Nahrain) by using a constructed self-administered questionnaire.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 students from two Iraqi Universities using a constructed self-administered questionnaire in 2010 and 2017 for Diyala University and in 2017 for Al-Nahrain University. Data obtained from the students’ responses were collected and statistically analysed. The level of knowledge and awareness was measured according to Bloom’s cut-off point.Results:The study comprised 506 students from the two universities, 341 were females with a mean age of 22.38±4.99 years and 165 were males with a mean age of 22.38±4.99 years. Data revealed that participants, regardless of their gender, on specific questions had different levels (high, moderate and low) of knowledge and awareness about HIV and AIDS. A high level was seen with the causative agent of AIDS and its transmission through blood transfusion, unprotected sexual contact, and sharing needle injection. However, a moderate level was observed regarding antenatal vertical transmission of HIV, shared use of a toothbrush or a razor. While there was inadequate or low knowledge and awareness about HIV spread through breast feeding, during birth, needle sharing and the availability of vaccines. The levels of knowledge and awareness among female students were significantly higher than males in most studied parameters (P=0.03-0.006). The general knowledge and awareness among Diyala’s students declined during the second survey scheduled in 2017 compared with that done in 2010 (P=0.004) for undefined reasons.Conclusion:The general knowledge and awareness about HIV and AIDS was fair among Iraqi students. With the increasing number of HIV cases in Iraq, the inadequacy in knowledge and awareness about spread and prevention of HIV must be considered in the public health strategy and education programs that should comply with Islamic rules and values.

scholarly journals Understanding of Pharmacy Students towards Antibiotic Use, Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Shazia Jamshed ◽  
Meagen Rosenthal ◽  
Noman Ul Haq ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
And Training ◽  
Insight Into

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a significant issue for public health globally. An adequate understanding of ABR and the approaches used to tackle ABR, including antibiotic stewardship programs, are vital. This study aimed to get an insight into antibiotic use, ABR, and antibiotic stewardship programs among pharmacy students of Punjab, Pakistan. This multicenter study was undertaken among final (fifth) year undergraduate pharmacy students of 7 universities of Punjab, Pakistan. A paper-based self-administered questionnaire comprising 48-items was utilized for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. This study included a total of 296 respondents with a response rate of 85.8%. Most of the students had an average understanding of antibiotic use (59.8%), ABR (42.6%), ABR mechanisms (48.0%), and factors of ABR (51.7%). Only 21.6% of students have heard about antibiotic stewardship programs. More than half of the students believed that educating and training healthcare professionals (53.4%) and medical students (57.8%) about the prescribing and judicial usage of antibiotics could reduce the ABR burden. The awareness of most of the pharmacy students about certain aspects of antibiotic use, ABR, and stewardship programs was suboptimal.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ANTIBIOTICS MISUSE AMONG THE PUBLIC IN SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: improper use of antibiotics lead to one of the serious problems of bacterial resistance. Aim: to assess the frequency of antibiotic use and to obtain information about antibiotic prescription, in two centers in Northern Lima, Peru. Methods: it is cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: 1961surveys were considered, Two thirds received antibiotics in the last year, to obtain these drugs, were prescribed by a physician, most of physicians agreed in the importance of inadequate use of antibiotics and 85.1%prescribed antibiotics more than once every day. Internet is a useful resource of information as suggested by physicians to develop educative programs about use of antibiotics. Conclusions: No enough knowledge about adequate use of antibiotics in the community, three quarters would go to hospital if they presented upper respiratory tract symptoms and half received an antibiotic prescription by the physician, if physicians prescribed antibiotics more than once every day, it leads to resistance. Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, antibiotics, resistance

scholarly journals Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance among Veterinary Students and Their Personal Antibiotic Use Practices: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail A. Odetokun ◽  
Uduak Akpabio ◽  
Nma B. Alhaji ◽  
Khalid T. Biobaku ◽  
Nurudeen O. Oloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contributory Factors

The challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is grave in developing countries. Antimicrobials are misused yet stakeholders’ contribution to antimicrobial stewardship is low. Veterinary students are future prescribers and their knowledge could influence progress in combating AMR; hence, there is a need to assess their knowledge, attitude, and awareness of AMR. A multi-institutional questionnaire was administered to undergraduates in Nigerian veterinary schools. It comprised demographics, own personal antibiotic usage, and knowledge, attitude, and awareness of AMR in humans and animals. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analyses. Of the 426 respondents, 39.2% reported personal antimicrobial use in the previous six months. Over 60% received knowledge scores lower than average and >87% requested more education on clinical use and prescriptions pre-graduation, monitored dispensing of antimicrobials, conducting AMR research, and confirmed link among human, animal, and environmental health. Less than 25% of respondents were aware of antimicrobial stewardship and global efforts/organizations for AMR. Final year students have 9-fold and 14-fold more satisfactory knowledge on antimicrobials in humans and animals compared with other students, respectively (p = 0.001). Final year students also have more knowledge (13×) and awareness of contributory factors (3×) on AMR (p = 0.001) than other students. Unsatisfactory knowledge on AMR issues exists among veterinary students yet willingness to improve was observed. Identified knowledge, attitude, and gaps in AMR awareness should be targeted by veterinary schools in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Perceptions about COVID-19 among Health Care Workers: Evidence from COVID-19 Hospitals during the Second Pandemic Wave

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Stamatis Karakonstantis ◽  
Anna Mathioudaki ◽  
Angelos Sourris ◽  
Vasiliki Papakosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Geographical Regions

Health care workers (HCWs) face a higher risk of infection, since they work at the front line of COVID-19 patients’ management. Misinterpretations of current scientific evidence among HCWs may impact the delivery of appropriate care to COVID-19 patients and increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the hospital setting. Moreover, knowledge may affect HCWs perceptions depending on their broad beliefs and past experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs regarding COVID-19 issues during the second wave of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey, involving a printed questionnaire, was conducted from 21 October 2020 to 31 January 2021 in four tertiary care hospitals located at four distant geographical regions in Greece. In total, 294 HCWs participated in this study. The majority of HCWs provided precise responses regarding general knowledge, perceptions, and practices concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. However, responses on hand hygiene and antimicrobial use in HCWs with COVID-19 were mistaken. This study reveals a certain degree of misconceptions and knowledge gaps in HCWs everyday practice, especially regarding hand hygiene and antimicrobial use in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Hospital Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in General Surgery Specialty: Analysis Based on the WHO Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) Classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Mounika Peddireddy ◽  
Juveriya Mahin ◽  
Amarnath Uppu ◽  
Satyanarayana S. V. Padi
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Surgical site infections are a prevalent cause of nosocomial infections that require antibiotic prophylaxis. Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health issue that must be addressed. Eventually, antibiotic prescribing pattern should be examined in order to ensure that antibiotics are used appropriately and that their effectiveness is preserved. Objective: To evaluate hospital antibiotic prescribing pattern emphasizing on cephalosporins in general surgery specialty using the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 658 hospitalized patients who received prophylactic antibiotics in general surgery specialty for six months. The data were analysed using the ‘WHO prescribing indicators’ and examined for the WHO ‘AWaRe’ categories. The acquired data was subjected to descriptive statistics. Results: Per encounter, the average number of drugs and antibiotics prescribed were 3.8 and 1.3, respectively. 83.4% encounters were with at least one antibiotic and 94.5% encounters had parenteral antibiotics. 31.3% and 77.8% antibiotics were prescribed by generic name and from the Essential Medicines List, respectively. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were the third generation cephalosporins (36.8%) wherein ceftriaxone (22.0%) and cefoperazone (7.2%) were the two most commonly prescribed. A total of 14 specific antibiotics, ‘Access’ 5 and ‘Watch’ 9 were prescribed. Based on the WHO AWaRe classification, 42.3% ‘Access’ and 57.7% ‘Watch’ group antibiotics prescribed. All the prescribed cephalosporins (100%) were from the ‘Watch’ category. Amikacin (13.5%) and ceftriaxone (22.0%) were the most commonly prescribed ‘Access’ and ‘Watch’ group antibiotics, respectively. Amoxicillin index was 7.5 and ‘Access-to-Watch’ index was 0.7, which were much below the priority values. Conclusion: The antibiotic prescription pattern seen in this study did not entirely meet the WHO recommendations. Antibiotics from the ‘Watch’ category, notably cephalosporins, were commonly prescribed. To retain antibiotic effectiveness and encourage rational antibiotic use, as well as to overcome antibiotic resistance, changes and surveillance antibiotics prescribing are required.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Physicians toward Prescribing Antibiotics and the Risk of Resistance in Two Reference Hospitals

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S40047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alothman ◽  
Abdullah Algwizani ◽  
Mohammed Alsulaiman ◽  
Abdullah Alalwan ◽  
Salih Binsalih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Drugs ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Level Of Training

Introduction Antibiotics are essential and abundantly prescribed in hospitals because of their effectiveness and lifesaving benefits. However, the unnecessary use of antibiotics has been observed in earlier studies, and it has persisted through recent years as a major issue since it is one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance. The increase in antibiotic resistance nowadays is one of the most critical concerns in global public health around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions related to antibiotic prescription among physicians at our medical centers. Method A cross-sectional survey of non-infectious diseases specialized physicians. The study was conducted during 2015 at two tertiary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Result Of the 107 returned questionnaires, 93 were complete and valuable. Most respondents (82%) perceived antibiotic resistance to be a critical problem globally, and 78% also think that it is a very important national problem. These attitudes did not differ across specialty or level of training. Widespread antibiotic use and inappropriate empirical choices were believed by 81% of the participants to be important general causes of resistance. Only half of respondents thought that antibiotic restriction is a useful intervention to decrease the antibiotic resistance. The physicians believed educational interventions are the most useful and effective way to improve prescription patterns and decrease antibiotic resistance. Complications due to infection with resistant organisms were acknowledged by almost all of the participants, with some differences in their estimations of how often it will occur. Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance, globally and nationally, is considered as a serious threat, and physicians in this survey acknowledged that. Among the most significant factors is antimicrobial misuse, either by overprescribing or providing inappropriate drugs with some ambivalence, as well as the importance of hand hygiene and antibiotic restrictions. By adhering to local guidelines, continuous education, and other practical interventions, the burden of resistance can be alleviated, as highlighted in this survey.

scholarly journals 758. Increased Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Infection During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Hospitalized Veterans in South Texas, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S476-S477
Author(s):  
Eric H Young ◽  
Erica Beck ◽  
Delvina Ford ◽  
Julieta Madrid-Morales ◽  
Ann Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) continues to be a major global public health concern, particularly during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite new social distancing guidelines and enhanced infection control procedures (e.g., masking, hand hygiene) being implemented since the beginning of COVID-19, little evidence indicates whether these changes have influenced the prevalence of CDI hospitalizations. This study aims to measure CDI prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a local cohort of U.S. Veterans. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of all Veterans presenting to the South Texas Veterans Health Care System in San Antonio, Texas from Jan 1, 2019 to Apr 30, 2021. Monthly laboratory confirmed CDI events were collected overall and categorized as the following: hospital-onset, healthcare facility-associated (HO-HCFA-CDI), community-onset, healthcare facility-associated CDI (CO-HCFA-CDI), and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI). Monthly confirmed COVID-19 cases were also collected. CDI prevalence was calculated as CDI events per 10,000 bed days of care (BDOC) and was compared between pre-pandemic (Jan 2019-Feb 2020) and pandemic (Mar 2020-Apr 2021) periods. Results A total of 285 CDI events, 920 COVID-19 cases, and 104,220 BDOC were included in this study. The overall CDI rate increased from 20.33 per 10,000 BDOC pre-pandemic to 34.51 per 10,000 during the pandemic (p&lt; 0.0001). This was driven primarily by a rise in CO-HCFA-CDI rates (0.95 vs 2.52 per 10,000 BDOC; p&lt; 0.0001) during the pandemic, followed by increases in CA-CDI (15.58 vs. 18.61 per 10,000 BDOC; p&lt; 0.0001) and HO-HCFA-CDI (2.66 vs. 5.43 per 10,000 BDOC; p&lt; 0.0001). Lastly, CDI rates have tripled since the start of the pandemic (March-Apr 2020) compared to the current year (March-Apr 2021) (14.69 vs. 43.76 per 10,000 BDOC). Conclusion Overall, CDI prevalence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven mostly by an increase in CO-HCFA-CDI. As COVID-19 rates increased, CDI rates also increased, likely due to greater healthcare exposures and antibiotic use. Continued surveillance of COVID-19 and CDI is warranted to further decrease infection rates Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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