scholarly journals Relationship between the field history of barnyardgrass infestation and the buried seed population in dry paddy fields under direct-seeded rice cultivation region

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tachibana ◽  
Hiroshi Fujimoto ◽  
Hidehiro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Direct Seeded

Buried seed populations in the montane, subalpine, and alpine belts of Mont Jacques-Cartier, Quebec

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The analysis of the total buried seed population along an altitudinal gradient in the Mont Jacques-Cartier area, southern Quebec, reveals a close relationship between buried seed flora and aboveground vegetation. Eighty-one percent of the species present in the total buried seed population were present in the aboveground vegetation of the study sites. The total number of seeds in the buried seed population, the number of species in the total buried seed population, and the number of seeds and species in the seed bank did not show any significant linear correlation with altitude. A shift from a boreal to an arctic–alpine buried seed population with increasing altitude was observed, instead of a decrease in seed bank size.

scholarly journals Intra- versus inter-site macroscale variation in biogeochemical properties along a paddy soil chronosequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mueller-Niggemann ◽  
A. Bannert ◽  
M. Schloter ◽  
E. Lehndorff ◽  
L. Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Tidal Wetland

Abstract. In order to assess the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soils, a set of biogeochemical soil parameters was investigated in five field replicates of seven paddy fields (50, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 yr of wetland rice cultivation), one flooded paddy nursery, one tidal wetland (TW), and one freshwater site (FW) from a coastal area at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. All soils evolved from a marine tidal flat substrate due to land reclamation. The biogeochemical parameters based on their properties were differentiated into (i) a group behaving conservatively (TC, TOC, TN, TS, magnetic susceptibility, soil lightness and colour parameters, δ13C, δ15N, lipids and n-alkanes) and (ii) one encompassing more labile properties or fast cycling components (Nmic, Cmic, nitrate, ammonium, DON and DOC). The macroscale heterogeneity in paddy soils was assessed by evaluating intra- versus inter-site spatial variability of biogeochemical properties using statistical data analysis (descriptive, explorative and non-parametric). Results show that the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soil organic and minerogenic components per field is smaller than between study sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of conservative parameters varied in a low range (10% to 20%), decreasing from younger towards older paddy soils. This indicates a declining variability of soil biogeochemical properties in longer used cropping sites according to progress in soil evolution. A generally higher variation of CV values (>20–40%) observed for labile parameters implies a need for substantially higher sampling frequency when investigating these as compared to more conservative parameters. Since the representativeness of the sampling strategy could be sufficiently demonstrated, an investigation of long-term carbon accumulation/sequestration trends in topsoils of the 2000 yr paddy chronosequence under wetland rice cultivation restricted was conducted. Observations cannot be extrapolated to global scale but with coastal paddy fields developed on marine tidal flat substrates after land reclamation in the Zhejiang Province represent a small fraction (<1%) of the total rice cropping area. The evolutionary trend showed that the biogeochemical signatures characteristic for paddy soils were fully developed in less than 300 yr since onset of wetland rice cultivation. A six-fold increase of topsoil TOC suggests a substantial gain in CO2 sequestration potential when marine tidal wetland substrate developed to 2000 yr old paddy soil.

scholarly journals POPULASI DAN SERANGAN Cnaphalocrosis medinalis (LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE) PADA TANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA

EUGENIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moulwy F. Dien ◽  
Daisy S. Kandowangko
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
The North ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

ABSTRACTThe experiment was conducted using a survey method at 4 locations/district in the Southeast Minahasa Regency is Belang,Tombatu, North Tombatu, and East Tombatu. Each location/districts determined three paddy fields (repeats) as a place of observation and sampling. The study lasted for 10 months ie from January to October 2015. Sampling is done diagonally to the respective fields. So one rice field consists of 5 sub-plot as a point of sampling Samples are larvae present in the leaf roll. Implementation of the sampling carried out on rice plants vegetative phase once a week for 6 weeks. The results showed that the average population of C. medinalis (per-10 clumps) on paddy rice cultivation in Southeast Minahasa Regency highest found in the location of the North Tombatu 10.99, then Eastern Tombatu 10.44, Belang 10.43 and lows in the Tombatu 0.94. Observations of percentage of pests C. medinalis highest in Southeast Minahasa Regency found in the sample locations in the North Tombatu which reached 33.95%, Belang 32.51%, Eastern Tombatu 31.86%, and the lowest in the Tombatu 4.08%. Keywords : rice, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Pawangs on the Frontier: Miracles, prophets, and divinities in the ricefields of modern Malaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 1106-1143
Author(s):  
TEREN SEVEA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article unearths two Jawi manuscripts pertaining to Muslim miracle-workers, orpawangs, who were key intermediaries of agrarian change in the interior of modern Malaya. These compendia of frontier patois are analysed to recount a history of rice worlds and environments wherein forest clearing and rice cultivation were directly associated with the Islamic esoteric science (ilmu) ofpawangs. As professional miracle-workers,pawangswere employed to spearhead a broad range of socio-economic activities in western Malaya. As pivots of cults joined by Malay peasants,pawangswere venerated as heirs of agrarian prophets and saints from earlier Islamic periods, and esteemed for their fertility rituals and miracles in contemporary forests and ricefields. This article analyses the elaborate Islamic genealogies ofpawangsand popular historical traditions that were recorded in these texts, and investigates how these documents were informative about the religio-economic sensibilities of cultivators. This article also pays particular attention to howpawangsnegotiated with a variety of Islamic and African spirits in Malayan forests, to lead forest clearing and rice production and to mobilize labourers. It further presents explorations into the social and spiritual cosmopolitanism ofpawangsand peasants upon the modern Malay frontier, whose labour and connected histories are yet to be written.

scholarly journals Direct Seeded Rice: A New Technology for Enhanced Resource-Use Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a major staple food crop that feeds around 60% of the world’s population. It is a major food crop in terms of production, economy and is grown in all ecological zones of Nepal. In Nepal, traditional method of rice cultivation is widely accepted in which 20-25 days old seedlings are transplanted in the puddled field. Looming water scarcity, water-intensive traditional method of rice cultivation, escalating labour costs pressurize the development of alternative which is highly sustainable and profitable. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a very good opportunity that can cope up the global need and reduces the water use to 50%, labour cost to 60% and increases productivity by 5-10%. It involves sowing of pre-germinated seeds into wet soil surface (wet seeding), dry soil surface (dry seeding) and standing water (water seeding). Weeds are the major constraint in direct-seeded rice (DSR) reducing the crop yield upto 90% and sometimes even crop failure. Enhanced nutrient use efficiency and integrated weed management can produce comparable yields to that of transplanted rice (TPR) encouraging many farmers to switch to DSR. Methane gas emission is significantly lower in DSR than in conventionally tilled puddled transplanted rice mitigating the world’s threat of global warming. Blast disease and root-knot nematode (RKN) are other important problems associated with DSR. Based on the evidences collected, the article reviews integrated package of cultivation technologies associated with DSR, advantages, constraints and likeliness of DSR to be the future of rice cultivation in Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 181-198

Responses of Soil Micro-Food Web to Land Use Change from Upland to Paddy Fields with Different Years of Rice Cultivation

Pedosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying LÜ ◽  
Wei BAI ◽  
Xuefeng WANG ◽  
Qian CAI ◽  
Wenju LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields

scholarly journals Assessment of Two Soil Fertility Indexes to Evaluate Paddy Fields for Rice Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Delsouz Khaki ◽  
Naser Honarjoo ◽  
Naser Davatgar ◽  
Ahmad Jalalian ◽  
Hosein Torabi Golsefidi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields
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