scholarly journals A NOCSAE DROP TEST/ 3D-FEM STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KINEMATIC RESPONSE OF THE HEAD, HEAD IMPACT CONTACT PRESSURE (HICP) AND KINETIC RESPONSE OF THE BRAIN TO DELINEATE THE RISK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES (TBI).

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Krishna Tej Bhamidipati
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Evaluation of Common Concussion Tools Used in a Sport’s Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Brady Armitage ◽  
B. Sue Graves
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Brain

Sports medicine advancements are continuously evolving allowing professionals to utilize tools to provide for their athletes’ care. These tools have allowed clinicians to better diagnose and determine the extent of an athlete’s injury. Over the last 20 years, an emphasis has been placed on mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) and/or concussions. This focus on mTBI and concussions has led to an understanding of the mechanism of injury (MOI), development of grading/severity scales of injury, and diagnostic tools for properly assessing an athlete suffering from an injury to the brain. Clinicians understanding of concussion has excelled in recent years, but with advancement in technologies and diagnostic tools, all professionals need to understand the importance of incorporating tools into the diagnostic procedure. Thus, the purpose of this review is to evaluate common tools in practice, as well as newer tools, that could be utilized by sports medicine professionals.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis and Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Magtanong ◽  
Scott J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Small Molecule Screening ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species. Small-molecule screening and subsequent optimization have yielded potent and specific activators and inhibitors of this process. These compounds have been employed to dissect the lethal mechanism and implicate this process in pathological cell death events observed in many tissues, including the brain. Indeed, ferroptosis is emerging as an important mechanism of cell death during stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and other acute brain injuries, and may also play a role in certain degenerative brain disorders. Outstanding issues include the practical need to identify molecular markers of ferroptosis that can be used to detect and study this process in vivo, and the more basic problem of understanding the relationship between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death that can be triggered in the brain during injury.

scholarly journals Development of an Eco-Friendly Head Impact Protection Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Miguel M. Varela ◽  
Fábio A.O. Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Impact Protection ◽  
Impact Energies

Nowadays, the number of people practising contact sports has increased. In many of them, using head protective equipment is not mandatory, even if the use of headbands could increase the level of safety regarding several types of traumatic brain injuries. Many commercial solutions are currently available, based on plastic-based foams providing a decent level of protection and comfort to the user. This work introduces the use of agglomerated cork as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic foams but at least keeping safety levels. Cork is a natural cellular material that has been showing excellent crashworthiness properties. In this study, cork agglomerate density is carefully chosen to be incorporated into a protective headband. Results are compared against three other commercial headbands. For each one, the risk of brain injury was analysed for different injury thresholds and impact energies. The results clearly demonstrate that the cork-based apparel may provide comparable, and in some cases, better performances, outlasting the commercial ones.

scholarly journals RheoSens; RheoPatch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Invasive Device ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Minimally Invasive Device

Rheo Probe is a minimally invasive device, implanted in the brain matter for patients in a coma following brain haemorrage or traumatic brain injuries to measure cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, temperature and oxygenation parameters. Nearinfrared sensors assess levels of tissue oxygenation as well as cerebral blood flow by measuring oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin based on spectrometry.

An Automated Kinematic Measurement System for Sagittal Plane Murine Head Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. McInnes ◽  
Zelalem A. Abebe ◽  
Thomas Whyte ◽  
Asma Bashir ◽  
Carlos Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Head Tracking ◽  
Rigid Fixation ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injuries are typically caused by nonpenetrating head impacts that accelerate the skull and result in deformation of the brain within the skull. The shear and compressive strains caused by these deformations damage neural and vascular structures and impair their function. Accurate head acceleration measurements are necessary to define the nature of the insult to the brain. A novel murine head tracking system was developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of kinematic measurements obtained with high-speed videography. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed marker carrier was designed for rigid fixation to the upper jaw and incisors with an elastic strap around the snout. The system was evaluated by impacting cadaveric mice with the closed head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) system using an energy of 0.7 J (5.29 m/s). We compared the performance of the head-marker system to the previously used skin-tracking method and documented significant improvements in measurement repeatability (aggregate coefficient of variation (CV) within raters from 15.8 to 1.5 and between raters from 15.5 to 1.5), agreement (aggregate percentage error from 24.9 to 8.7), and temporal response (aggregate temporal curve agreement from 0.668 to 0.941). Additionally, the new system allows for automated software tracking, which dramatically decreases the analysis time required (74% reduction). This novel head tracking system for mice offers an efficient, reliable, and real-time method to measure head kinematics during high-speed impacts using CHIMERA or other rodent or small mammal head impact models.

Predicting Family Adaptation from Brain Injury-Related Family Stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Kosciulek ◽  
Daniel C. Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Family Adaptation ◽  
Related Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain injury-related family stress and family adaptation. Participants were 92 primary caregivers of persons with brain injuries recruited through the Head Injury Foundation of Alabama. Stepwise multiple regression of variables measuring family stress on family adaptation indicated that the affective and behavioral functioning of the member with the brain injury was predictive of family adaptation. The hypothesis that family adaptation can be predicted from variables measuring brain injury-related family stress was thus supported. Family intervention and rehabilitation practice implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of the brain injuries - the future diagnosis standard in head trauma?

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Andreea Elena Bîrlescu ◽  
Bianca Hanganu ◽  
Andreea Alexandra Hleșcu ◽  
Irina Smaranda Manoilescu ◽  
Beatrice Gabriela Ioan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Brain

Acute head trauma is often a clinical challenge in diagnosing the brain damage, assessing its severity and prognosis, and establishing the optimal treatment. Different patients, with brain damage of apparent comparable severity according to the imaging examination, may have different neurological evolution or different response to therapy.Minor traumatic brain injuries can induce a brief loss of consciousness or confusion, are usually benign, but sometimes they cause persistent and progressive brain symptoms in the long run. However, at present, there are no reliable methods that can diagnose properly minor traumatic brain injuries.Biomarkers of the brain injuries allow the monitoring of both physiological and pathological processes. The identification of such biomarkers could allow a better understanding of the pathological processes involved in traumatic brain injuries, their diagnosis, prognosis and may facilitate the establishment of a better treatment regimen for these patients.In this article, the authors make a brief review of the literature in which they analyse the biomarkers of the lesions of the various brain structures identified so far, which can be detected in biological fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid) and the advantages and limitations of their use in the current medical practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Common Concussion Tools Used in a Sport’s Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Brady Armitage ◽  
B. Sue Graves
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Brain

Sports medicine advancements are continuously evolving allowing professionals to utilize tools to provide for their athletes’ care. These tools have allowed clinicians to better diagnose and determine the extent of an athlete’s injury. Over the last 20 years, an emphasis has been placed on mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) and/or concussions. This focus on mTBI and concussions has led to an understanding of the mechanism of injury (MOI), development of grading/severity scales of injury, and diagnostic tools for properly assessing an athlete suffering from an injury to the brain. Clinicians understanding of concussion has excelled in recent years, but with advancement in technologies and diagnostic tools, all professionals need to understand the importance of incorporating tools into the diagnostic procedure. Thus, the purpose of this review is to evaluate common tools in practice, as well as newer tools, that could be utilized by sports medicine professionals.

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