scholarly journals Hang Tuah in the Sea of Oral Malay Narratives

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haji Salleh ◽  

Hang Tuah is a culture hero who defines both himself and the Malays, along with their feudal and universal values. Three forms of existences have been bestowed on him by the peoples of the Malay Archipelago, i. e. the historical, the fictional and the oral. This paper attempts to trace the oral presence of Hang Tuah which is more varied, colourful, and in effect, more developed than the other two. At present, in Sungai Duyung, Singkep, Riau, Malacca and many places in the Archipelago, there is a wealth of stories about him, his origins, exploits, comrades and death. Many stories of the Sea Sekanaq of West Singkep, Riau claim that he originated from amongst their people. In Bintan, however, where his family found a home, some other famous stories are told of how he met his four friends, and his early relationship with the Bendahara and the Raja of Bintan. Hang Tuah and his family moved to Malacca when the new state became an important and wealthy port. Here, the stories refer to the village of Sungai Duyong in Malacca, its famous well, and his so-called mausoleum in Tanjong Keling. Stories of his life and contribution to the state were composed over time, and are quite different from addition to those of the Sulalat al-Salatin and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The stories are still being composed and spread through the internet, an instrument of what I call the tertiary orality. Keywords: Â Hang Tuah, Malay identity, feudal values, origins, orang laut

Author(s):  
Sandeep Krishnamurthy

Even though Amazon.com has received most of the initial hype and publicity surrounding e-commerce, eBay has quietly built an innovative business truly suited to the Internet. Initially, Amazon sought to merely replicate a catalog business model online. Its technology may have been innovative- but its business model was not. On the other hand, eBay recognized the unique nature of the Internet and enabled both buying and selling online with spectacular results. Its auction format was a winner. eBay also clearly demonstrated that profits do not have to come in the way of growth—an argument that Bezos never tired of making. Amazon was initially focused on BN.com as a competitor. Over time, Amazon came to recognize eBay as the competitor. Its initial foray into auctions was a spectacular failure. Now, Amazon is trying to compete with eBay by facilitating selling and strengthening its affiliates program.


2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (S1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
John P. Kent

AbstractThe relationship between the cow and calf develops over time after birth. The behavioural mechanisms underlying its development are important and comparisons with other species may increase our understanding. In nature the cow will separate herself from the herd to give birth and then the cow–calf relationship will develop with the ability to recognise each other. While twinning levels are low in cows, they do rear their twin calves. If the calf is lost at or after birth the cow can be responsive towards other calves and in specific circumstances the cow can develop a maternal bond with an alien calf, i.e. foster. In this Research Reflection a distinction is made between the development of, on the one hand, maternal responsiveness (the tendency of the cow to care for a calf which occurs before birth) and, on the other hand, the development of the maternal–filial bond or relationship which is reciprocal, occurs after birth and is characterised by the ability to discriminate the mother's own calf from alien calves. These processes can overlap and the relationship between cow and calf in this ‘hider’ species is more plastic than in some other mammals. For example, a cow might form an attachment with an alien calf before she gives birth. After the cow has given birth the loss of her own calf may result in the state of maternal responsiveness being maintained, such that developing a maternal bond with one or several appropriate alien calves is possible. Viable fostering techniques are possible. If a maternal relationship to the mother's own calf has developed then fostering will be more difficult. If the cow's relationship with her own calf is not exclusive, and she is in a state of maternal responsiveness then fostering of calves of an appropriate age and status can be achieved.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Eksan Eksan ◽  
Ainul Masruroh ◽  
Sholihan Sholihan

The agency or the administrative office of the State does not necessarily succeed in carrying out its duties, sometimes the dispute arises due to a decision of the State administration that can cause dissatisfaction. The proposed termination of village chief conducted by the Village consultative Agency is not qualified as a reason to dismiss the head of Sumurber village, Panceng District, Gresik Regency. In addition to the State Administrative Decree/object dispute is contrary to government regulation about the village, also contrary to the regional regulation of Gresik Regency number 12 Year 2006 about the village government. On the other hand, the country's administrative decisions are contrary to good principles of government. Because the State Administrative Decree/object dispute is a state administrative decision contrary to good laws and principles of government. The author uses a method of scripting which provides the solution of legal case ATS that occur. This study analyzed the cancellation of decree of Regent of Gresik No. 141/678/HK/437.12/2013, dated 3 May 2013 concerning the dismissal of the village head of Sumurber, Panceng District, Gresik Regency. The decision of deliberation of the village consultative Agency related to the termination of the village head has been null and void, as a result of the Regent's decision on the termination of Sumurber village chief is irrevocable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Iza Hanifuddin

AbstractThe village land / béngkok serves as compensation for the salary of the government board through the use of rice field processing. However, not all objects are in the form of rice fields, it can be manifested as a mosque, cemetery, field, and even village punden. In the case of rise fields, they can be distributed in turn among the village apparatus from time to time, while the other objects not distributed in turn, since they have been functioning for a long time based on the customary. Such condition is required to be concern to various groups due to the ambiguous status of bengkok whether they are belong to village or public property. Meanwhile, the utilization of that function has also been valid for quite a long time without any conversion. This paper tries to offer the concept of State Waqf as an alternative solution to solve the ambiguity of this position. The writer utilize the Waqf al-Irsad theory as the State Endowments Fiqh considering the functions and benefits of bengkokas religious matters, namely mosques and village graves in which the state has role as policy maker and technical controllerof land law. Tanah béngkok desa berfungsi sebagai kompensasi gaji aparatur desa melalui jalan pemanfaatan pengolahan sawah. Namun, tidak semua objek béngkok berwujud sawah. Béngkok ada yang diwujudkan sebagai masjid, kuburan, lapangan, bahkan punden desa. Pada sawah, status pemanfaatannya bisa dipergilirkan di antara aparatur desa dari masa ke masa, sedangkan pada objek selain sawah keberlakuannya tidak dipergilirkan, tetapi sudah berfungsi untuk itu sejak lama, sejak desa adat itu sendiri ada dari zaman nenek moyang. Kedudukan seperti itu perlu menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak karena statusnya yang “ngambang” antara milik desa karena statusnya atau milik masyarakat karena adatnya. Kedua-duanya pasti saling memiliki dan memerlukan. Sementara, pemanfaatan untuk fungsi itu pun sudah berlaku dalam kurun yang cukup lama tanpa ada alih fungsi. Tulisan ini mencoba menawarkan konsep Wakaf Negara sebagai solusi alternatif mengurai “kengambangan” kedudukan béngkok ini.  Penulis menggunakan teori Waqf al-Irsâd sebagai Fiqh Wakaf Negara mengingat fungsi dan manfaat béngkok selama ini lebih banyak untuk urusan keagamaan, yaitu masjid dan kuburan desa di mana negara selama ini sebagai pembuat kebijakan dan pengendali teknis keagrariannya.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Joseph

Public discourse on immigration and benefits access has been contentious. Amid increasing anti-immigrant sentiment, scholars have examined immigrants’ marginalization as a form of civic stratification, where boundaries based on documentation status affect immigrants’ experiences and benefits granted by the state. This scholarship lacks a framework outlining existing documentation status categories, their alignment relative to each other, and how policy (re)configures those categories over time. This article argues that the documentation status continuum (DSC) framework fills these gaps. In the DSC, undocumented immigrants are at one end and citizens are at the other, with many documentation statuses in between. Public policy creates these statuses and generates stratification through allocating benefits based on one’s DSC position. Policy also shapes movement along the continuum, which shapes benefits eligibility. Using the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a policy example and interviews conducted with 153 immigrants, healthcare professionals, and immigrant organization employees in Boston, this article demonstrates that life along the DSC reveals stratification between citizens and noncitizens. This has implications for various outcomes that sociologists examine.


2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Trisciuzzi ◽  
Barbara Sandrucci ◽  
Tamara Zappaterra

The request for a precise definition of memory would put any serious academic into difficulty. To provide a synthetic response, we could define memory as a marvellous mechanism, a means for taking us back in time. Memory is, therefore, a mental activity which connects us over time and gives a meaning to existence. Telling one's story, one's autobiography, signifies primarily taking stock of the state of one's own identity; it signifies communication, communicating who we are to ourselves and others. It means transforming the interior monologue into dialogue with the other; it means scanning and modulating our emotions through the representation of the events of our lives.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Fedorovych Nikiliev

It is analyzed the results of the companies due to the providing with agricultural industry by the specialists with high and secondary agricultural education that are exampled in the politics of the state about the powered development of agrarian sphere of the country in a short period. It is mark that the results of realization of agrarian program that was made in 1953 in the part of intellectualization the material sphere of collective farms industry, were unidentified. From one side the radical organized economical changes were happened, the result of what was the change of accent in the system of formation the staffʼs potential of the village. During these changes the specialists were concentrated in the economies and were having the personal responsibilities for the results of actions of the serving and departments. The dates of transformation were accompanied as quantity and quality changes in the staff structure of the leading and governing links of collective farms. From the other side in the middle of 1960th the situation of their security was far away from the necessities of the material sphere of the village in the whole and also in the concrete directions of the agricultural industry.


1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Cohen

One morning in the middle of May 1558, the chief constable of the Governor of Rome led a detachment of his police to Monte Rotondo, a rural town some twenty miles north of the capital. There was nothing unusual in his mission, which was to capture two outlaws, who, though banished from the papal states for homicide, had returned to live under the shelter of the local lords. Nor was there anything extraordinary in the first response of the villagers, who, caught between their signori on the one hand and the state on the other, did their best to lend the police a very feeble hand. What was more unusual was what happened next, when, half by design and half by mischance, the village rose up in arms against the police and, for much of the day, held them hostage. In this essay, we will study the tangled events of that day, not so much as an example of a rural insurrection as, rather, a handsome illustration of a particular style of negotiation. Thus, settlement as much interests us here as does conflict, for it illustrates well the dense interplay of liberty and constraint. The burden of our exposition is that, to extricate themselves from a perilous impasse, the villagers, their magistrates, and the city's police could all bargain cannily with all sorts of risks, not only their adversaries', but also their own. Not only did they threaten one another, but, to their own profit, they pointed out external dangers and cited the perils they themselves faced.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Moh Ahsan ◽  
Abdul Aziz

Sidodadi Village is one of the villages located in southern Malang area located in Gedangan sub-district. The village is one of the villages that has the most extraordinary natural potentials such as Ungapan Beach, Bajulmati Beach, Parangdowo Beach, Jolangkung Beach, Bengkung Beach, Ngudel Beach, and Ngantep Beach, which is a beach located in the southern cross of Malang Regency. Rows of mountains are sturdy and beautiful to make the tourists interested to travel there.Sidodadi village area bounded with Sumbermanjing wetan district in the east, village elephant rejo in the west. On the other hand, not only the potential of nature is extraordinary, but the results of the abundant earth. Rice, corn, coconut, banana, rice, cassava, mangosteen, durian, and palm are natural products that can be processed there. The potential possessed and remarkable until now has not been published or promoted through websites and social media, to hog the visitors who more aplagi most visitors see the first reference before coming directly.The abundant natural resources with the stammered human resources of technology will make the potential of nature unknown to the wider community. Coral cadets and devices in the village of Sidodadi maximal educated High School (SMA) and only two people who can take the bench lecture. This is where the turmoil experienced by villagers Sidodadi where they can not publish the area. Only limited to the beaches that have been published, but for other natural potentials can not be published because of lack of knowledge about the use of the internet (Online Media). Keywords:Sidodadi, Karangtaruna, Publikasi, Online.


Caderno CRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 020002
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Chaves Teixeira

<p class="Corpo">Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as mudanças na trajetória dos ideários participativos. Baseado em pesquisa documental e revisão bibliográfica, o texto aponta como, no Brasil, algumas visões sobre a democracia participativa ganharam e outras perderam força. Se nos anos 1970 havia uma forte presença de concepções que afirmavam a importância de utilizar o espaço participativo como forma de organização da sociedade (nos sindicatos, nos movimentos populares e no próprio partido) e de educação para cidadania, o que denominamos aqui como “participação como emancipação”, ao longo do tempo esta visão perdeu força. E passaram a entrar nos argumentos políticos visões da participação como forma de apoiar os governos, de um lado, e de fiscalizar o Estado, de outro, que denominamos aqui como “participação como deliberação”. Já durante o governo petista foi se consolidando uma visão de participação “como escuta”.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">TRAJECTORY OF PARTICIPATORY IDEALS IN BRAZIL</p><p class="Corpo">This article aims to present the changes in the trajectory of participatory ideals. Based on documentary research and bibliographical review, the text points out how, in Brazil, some views on participatory democracy “won” and others “lost force”. If in the 1970s there was a strong presence of conceptions that affirmed the importance of using participatory space as a form of organization of society (in unions, popular movements and in the party itself) and education for citizenship, what we call here as “participation as emancipation”, over time this vision has lost strength. Political views began to enter into the views of participation as a way to support governments on the one hand and to oversee the state, on the other, which we refer to here as “participation as deliberation”. Already during the PT government, a vision of participation “as a listener” was consolidated.</p><p class="Corpo">Keywords: Participatory democracy, Participation, Participatory institutions.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">TRAJECTOIRE DES PARTICIPATIVE IDÉES AU BRÉSIL</p><p class="Corpo">Cet article vise à présenter les changements dans la trajectoire des participative idées. Basé sur des recherches documentaires et sur une revue de la littérature, le texte montre comment, au Brésil, certains points de vue sur la démocratie participative ont gagné et d’autres ont perdu de leur force dans le temps. Si, dans les années 1970, il existait une forte présence de conceptions de la « participation comme émancipation », affirmant l’importance d’utiliser l’espace participatif comme forme d’organisation de la société (dans les syndicats, les mouvements populaires et le parti) et l’éducation à la citoyenneté, cette vision a perdu de sa vigueur avec le temps. Des visions politiques de la participation ont émergé dans le discours comme moyen de soutenir les gouvernements, d’une part, et de surveiller l’État, d’autre part, ce que nous appelons ici “participation en tant que délibération”. Pendant le gouvernement petista, une vision de la participation “en tant qu’écoute” s’est par ailleurs dévelopée et consolidée.</p><p class="Corpo">Mots clés: Démocratie participative, Participation, Institutions participatives.</p>


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