scholarly journals Teaching Biostatistics to Medical Students of the Altai State Medical University

Politehnika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Nina Trukhacheva ◽  
Nikolay Pupyrev ◽  
Ylia Alyabieva ◽  
Svetlana Tschernysheva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Learning System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Russian Medical

The current research presents some principles and settings in teaching biostatistics. The purpose of study is to enhance the teaching of biostatistics in Russian medical schools and overcome some problems by applying new approaches and innovation techniques. The research included the questionnaire of students, teachers and postgraduates of the Altai State Medical University. There were applied different approaches and studying by means of learning system MOODLЕ with differentiated courses in biostatistics. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings showed some new approaches and methods in education to improve the biostatistical competence of medical students. The changing in content of biostatistical course would increase students’ motivation if it were maximum approximated to the real medical cases. The analysis of the results proved that some approaches are more effective for teaching biostatistics. They allow students to study according to their personal educational goals and paths.

scholarly journals Orthodontics-Awareness Amongst Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Türkan SEZEN ERHAMZA ◽  
Kübra A ARSLAN ÇARPAR
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of orthodontics, a specialty of dentistry,amongst Medical Students. Materials and Method: A sample of 550 students (279 female, 226 male aged between 18 and 36 years) were attented.Of the subjects, 58.6% (n = 296) were preclinical students, while 41.4% (n = 209) were clinical students. The students were informed about the questionnaire and asked to fill in the questionnaire forms. For the comparison of data between groups (gender, level of education), the chi-square test was used. A chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation and the p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: 385 students (76.2%) had heard the term orthodontics although 41.2% of the subjects knew that orthodonticswas concerned with malocclusions and their treatment. The question about treatment procedures was answeredas scaling by 35.8%, tooth polishing by 40%, tooth aligning by 89.9% of the students. The percentage of knowingorthodontics to be related to tooth aligning showed a significant difference between female and male (p = 0.006), andpreclinical and clinical students (p = 0.033). Of the participants, 42.8% thought that dentures, 83% brackets, 78.8% ofremovable appliances were used by orthodontists. Conclusion: Our results have shown that medical students should have more information about orthodontics, aspecialty of dentistry.

scholarly journals The Bayes Factor for the Misclassified Categorical Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Tze-San Lee
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Multinomial Distribution ◽  
P Value ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cell Proportion

This article addresses the issue of misclassification in a single categorical variable, that is, how to test whether the collected categorical data are misclassified.  To tackle this issue, a pair of null and alternative hypotheses is proposed. A mixed Bayesian approach is taken to test these hypotheses. Specifically, a bias-adjusted cell proportion estimator is presented that accounts for the bias caused by classification errors in the observed categorical data. The chi-square test is then adjusted accordingly. To test the null hypothesis that the data are not misclassified under a specified multinomial distribution against the alternative hypothesis they are misclassified, the Bayes factor is calculated for the observed data and a comparison is made with the classical p-value. 

scholarly journals Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Among Medical Students – A Cross-Sectional Survey to Study the Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Sleep is a condition of the body and mind which typically occurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes are closed, the postural muscles are relaxed, and consciousness is practically suspended. Daytime sleepiness, or difficulty in maintaining a desired level of wakefulness, is frequently viewed by the general population as a common experience and predictable consequence of insufficient sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and factors associated with medical students in a private university in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among year 1 to year 5 medical students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. A minimum sample size of 400 was obtained. The percentage of Excessive day time sleepiness (EDS) among the students was 44% (176 of 400). Association between EDS and other independent variables was seen by the Chi-square test with p-value < 0.05 considered as a significant association. Of the various factors determined, a statistically significant association was found between internet usage and EDS.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF PARENTING STYLE WITH UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN A MEDICAL SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Puspa Maharani ◽  
Hikmah Muktamiroh ◽  
Lasma Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Academic Culture ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Academic integrity is one of the main principle in academic culture. Academic integrity, defined as obedience to the principle in academic sphere. However, violation to the academic principle is a common phenomenon occurred in the high education. Integrated academic is closely related to morality, while morality is highly influenced by the parenting method. This study aimed to find relationship between parenting method and academic integrity behavior of student in academic stage of Medical Faculty.Method: This study conducted using proportional stratified random sampling with total sample of 225 medical students, the data from this study was collected from the questionnaire. The design was cross sectional method. Data was analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: From Chi-Square test, the result for P Value was P=0.011, which means it was below P < 0,05. Conclusion: We can conclude that there is meaningful correlation between parenting method with academic integrity behavior of student in academic stage of Medical Faculty.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Tindakan Menjaga Kesehatan Gigi Mulut dengan Keluhan Subyektif Permasalahan Gigi Mulut pada Mahasiswa Kesehatan dan Non Kesehatan

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tira H. Skripsa ◽  
Audrey A. Unique ◽  
Donna Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
Oral Condition

Abstract: Individual behavior related to oral health could cause poor oral condition. Health behavior consists of domains of knowledge, attitude, and action related to health, including oral health. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge and action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints related to oral condition of medical and non-medical students. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples were medical and non-medical students obtained by using the consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected at Diponegoro University using online questionnaire through the Google form platform regarding knowledge, actions to maintain oral health, and subjective complaints of oral health problems. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of students had a high level of knowledge about dental and oral health, meanwhile, their action to maintain oral health was in moderate level. The levels of knowledge and action to maintain oral health of medical students were better than of the non-medical students. Dental and oral health problems most frequently complained were recurrent aphtous ulcers (RAU) and dental caries. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.023 between the action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints of oral health problems. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between the action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints of oral health problems.Keywords: knowledge, action to maintain oral health, dental and oral health problem  Abstrak: Salah satu faktor penyebab permasalahan gigi dan mulut ialah perilaku terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Perilaku kesehatan terdiri dari domain pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan yang berkait-an dengan kesehatan termasuk kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan gigi dan mulut pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non kesehatan. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah mahasiswa kesehatan dan non kesehatan, diperoleh dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan di Universitas Diponegoro dengan menggunakan kuesioner online melalui platform Google form ten-tang pengetahuan, tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mahasiswa umumnya tinggi, sedangkan tindak-an menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut umumnya berada pada kategori sedang. Tingkat pengetahuan dan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut mahasiswa kesehatan lebih baik daripada yang non kesehatan. Permasalahan yang terbanyak dikeluhkan ialah recurrent aphtous ulcers (RAU) dan karies gigi. Uji chi-square mendapatkan nilai p=0,023 untuk hubungan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut, masalah kesehatan gigi mulut

scholarly journals Testing The Mean For Business Data: Should One Use The Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, The Chi-Square Test, Or The P-Value Method?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajuan Liang ◽  
William S. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
F Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

In testing the mean of a population or comparing the means from two populations. There are several statistics available: the t-test, z-test, F-test and the chi-square test. Both the t-test and the z-test are usually used for continuous populations, and the chi-square test is used for categorical data. The F-test is used for comparing more than two means. In this paper we will discuss: 1) the conditions on using these tests; 2) the relationship among these test; and 3) illustration of the p-values of these tests by graphs. Some concluding remarks will be provided.

scholarly journals Frequency of thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality among neonates having probable or culture proven sepsis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2739-2743
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Nusrat Hussain ◽  
Tayyaba Rafique ◽  
Rabia Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine frequency of thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality among neonates having probable or culture proven sepsis. Study Design: Descriptive Analytical study. Setting: Multicentre study done at Neonatology Unit of Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan and Nishtar Medical University, Multan. Period: February 2019 to July 2019. Material & Methods: Three hundred neonates with culture proven sepsis were enrolled. Platelet counts along with frequency of thrombocytopenia (<150000/mm3) and mortality among all the neonates were recorded. Mortality among different groups according to platelet counts was compared adopting chi-square test. Results: Out of 300 neonates considered in the final analysis, 164 (54.7%) were male. Overall, median platelet count was 213.0mm3. TCP was present in 78 (26.0%) cases. Among 146 culture proven sepsis cases, 88 (61.8%) had gram positive while 58 (38.2%) had gram negative pathogens. Cases having thrombocytopenia had significantly higher mortality (n=26/78, 33.3%) as compared with those who had normal or increased platelet count (n=25/222, 11.3%) representing a significant p value (<0.00001). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of culture proven and probable neonatal sepsis. Mortality is significantly high in neonatal sepsis along with thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers towards conducting research among students in a medical college, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibi R. Vairamani ◽  
Brogen S. Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Health research is a low priority area in the developing world, mostly due to inadequate research budgets and financially not rewarding venture. Medical students have a limited understanding of research and what it entails. Training on research theory to application, is an important but neglected part of medical education curriculum in the country, which needs to be paid more attention. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers towards conducting research among medical students in a remote medical college of India. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the easternmost medical college of India during November-December 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from postgraduates and interns. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used for comparing proportions. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of the total 493 eligible participants, 440 responded to the questionnaire. More than 3/5th of the respondents had inadequate level of knowledge of conducting research. Inadequate training (87%), lack of funding (76%), lack of motivation (67%) and no mentorship program (66%), were the major reasons cited by the respondents for not participating in research projects. Ever conducted research was associated with better knowledge of research. Majority of the participants wanted to know more about research. Conclusions: The study revealed inadequate knowledge but a positive attitude towards research. Sufficient training in research methods, skills and institution of mentorship program can boost participation in research. 

Preference of Specialty Selection In MBBS Medical Students in Government and Private Medical Colleges of Pakistan (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudsia Umaira Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Career Selection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Specialty Selection ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Colleges

BACKGROUND The graduate students of medical colleges comparatively have distinct intentions and certain interests upon whom they decide to enter any specific and specialized practical field of medicine. In fact, career selection of medical students perceived to be very honorable because it provides them an opportunity for serving mankind more than that of any other aspect. OBJECTIVE To study the trends selection in MBBS Medical students and to compare the preferences in private and government medical colleges METHODS The study is cross-sectional observational study that was carried out from July -2019 to Jan- 2020 in first to third year male and female undergraduate (MBBS) medical students at CMH Lahore Medical College of Lahore, Punjab and undergraduate students (MBBS) from Fatima Jinnah Medical University. Data from 588 questionnaires was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. The normality of the data was analyzed using shipharo wilk test. Modified Schwartz method was used to classify the specialties as having either a controllable or uncontrollable lifestyle. Chi square test was used to evaluate differences between the choice of preference of specialties along with choice of controllable and uncontrollable lifestyle careers among the public and the private medical college students. A p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 660 questionnaires administered, 588 (98%) were completed and returned comprising more of females respondents 54% compared to males. The prime most reason for the specialty selection was interest, comprising more than half of the students in all the groups preferred to choose their specialty on their interest basis. Surgery was in the top most of the trend but a statistically significant inclination towards medicine was noted in 3rd year student when compared to 1st year students in both the categories of the colleges p value (0.05). More female students preferring pediatrics, medicine and gynecology p value (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS : Most students perceive surgery as a very preferred and fascinating specialty when the students enter medical field .As the years advance they are inclined towards medicine. Females prefer pediatrics, medicine and gynecology .

scholarly journals Perception of medical students towards online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in South Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Allen Kuriakose ◽  
Joe Abraham ◽  
Nisha Kurian ◽  
Elsheba Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning System ◽  
College Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought major changes in every sector including education. From school to college level, traditional classroom learning was forced to change to online learning. There were many challenges from inexperience to mental and physical health issues. This study aimed to find the perception of medical students about current medical online learning system in south Kerala.Methods: An online survey was conducted in November 2020 using a self-designed pretested questionnaire consisting of three sections: socio demographic profile, a 4-point Likert scale having 29 items to assess the perception of online learning, questions to assess certain parameters like health problems, duration of electronic usage etc. Frequencies, percentages, and descriptive statistics were calculated, and Chi-square test was used for statistical significance.Results: Study showed nearly three-fourth (74%) of students have a negative perception towards online learning. Of the different formats of e-learning used by students during the study period, most preferred were live lectures. Among the participants, more than half (57%) suggested a need for improvement in the quality of classes. Majority (75%) of students agreed that long hours of online classes had caused health problems.Conclusions: Though online learning is the need of the hour; majority of the students have a negative perception towards it which demands an enhancement in its standards and change to a preferred format

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