Sieving machines for smell reduction

2011 ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Pollex ◽  
Birgit Kerner ◽  
Rudolf Podolsky ◽  
Felix Czapla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
In Series ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Settling Ponds

In September 2009, a facility was set up at the sugar factory in Nordstemmen to remove organic material contained in sugar factory waste water in order to reduce the odour of the settling ponds. Two sieving machines were installed in an empty soil settling pond. After a short start up period, around 200 t of material per day, containing approximately 10 t of pure organic material, were sieved out of the water. Two modes of operation (parallel and in series) were tested. There was a higher throughput in the operation in parallel but slightly lower separation of the organic material. A third mode of operation was an additional washing of the organic material. The washed organic material was studied in order to use the organic fraction as feed for biogas plants. The project helped to significantly reduce the smell, emitted from the soil settling ponds at Nordstemmen, over the following year.

Decolourization of refinery sugar liquors with low environmental impact — a semi industrial trial

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Luis Bento ◽  
António Alberto Stuchi
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Industrial Installation ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Start Up ◽  
In Series ◽  
Sugar Plant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Constant Quality ◽  
Exchange Resins

Amorphous sugar is a white powder sugar with 99% purity, a colour lower than 50 IU and a water content of 0.30%. This sugar is produced through a transformation process, that is, all sucrose contained in fine liquor is incorporated in the final product. There is no residual syrup formation. In consequence, fine liquor must have a high quality, especially with very low colour. Brazil company Raizen produce this kind of sugar, mainly, in two refineries: Barra Bonita and Tarumã. In these refineries, clarified liquor is decolourized with anionic resins, two steps in series. In order to improve the decolourization process in these refineries and obtain a better product with constant quality and, at the same time, to decrease the regeneration effluents and reduce the chemical costs, it was agreed to install a pilot plant in Tarumã refinery to try a combination of anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon, both regenerated chemically. The process was designed in order to send all coloured effluents, from regenerations, into the ethanol distillery. A semi-industrial installation with four 6 m3 columns was set up in the old liquid sugar plant. After start up and initial tests, the installation runs for a first trial. In this paper the decolourization process and the results of the tests are presented.

Investigation of nitrite pathways in sugar beet extraction

2014 ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Emerstorfer ◽  
Christer Bergwall ◽  
Walter Hein ◽  
Mats Bengtsson ◽  
John P. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The investigations presented in this work were carried out in order to further deepen the knowledge about nitrite pathways in the area of sugar beet extraction. The article consists of two parts with different experimental set-up: the first part focuses on laboratory trials in which the fate of nitrate and nitrite was studied in a so-called mini-fermenter. These trials were carried out using juice from the hot part of the cossette mixer of an Agrana sugar factory in Austria. In the experiments, two common sugar factory disinfectants were used in order to study microbial as well as microbial-chemical effects on nitrite formation and degradation caused by bacteria present in the juice. The trials demonstrated that the direct microbial effect (denitrification) on nitrite degradation is more pronounced than the indirect microbial-chemical effect coming from pH value decrease by these bacteria and subsequent nitrite loss. The second part describes the findings from laboratory experiments and full scale factory trials using a mobile laboratory set-up based on insulated stainless steel containers and spectrophotometric detection of nitrite in various factory juices. The trials were made at two Nordzucker factories located in Finland (factory A) and Sweden (factory B). The inhibiting effect of the two common sugar factory disinfectants on nitrite formation was evaluated in laboratory trials, whereas the full scale trials focused on one disinfectant. Other trials to evaluate potential contamination sources of thermophilic nitrite producing bacteria to the extraction system, reactivation of nitrite producing bacteria in raw juice and the effect of a pH gradient on bacterial nitrite activity in cossette mixer juice are also reported.

scholarly journals Representing, commemorating, and memorizing terrorist attacks: Discussing the US and French experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 263300242110244
Author(s):  
Alice M. Greenwald ◽  
Clifford Chanin ◽  
Henry Rousso ◽  
Michel Wieviorka ◽  
Mohamed-Ali Adraoui
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Do So

How do societies and states represent the historical, moral, and political weight of the terrorist attacks they have had to face? Having suffered in recent years from numerous terrorist attacks on their soil originating from jihadist movements, and often led by actors who were also their own citizens, France and the United States have set up—or seek to do so—places of memory whose functions, conditions of creation, modes of operation, and nature of the messages sent may vary. Three of the main protagonists and initiators of two museum-memorial projects linked to terrorist attacks have agreed to deliver their visions of the role and of the political, social, and historical context in which these projects have emerged. Allowing to observe similarities and differences between the American and French approach, this interview sheds light on the place of memory and feeling in societies struck by tragic events and seeking to cure their ills through memory and commemoration.

Development of Reliable NARX Models of Gas Turbine Cold, Warm and Hot Start-Up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Bahlawan ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Mauro Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rapid Transients

This paper documents the set-up and validation of nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine. The considered gas turbine is a General Electric PG 9351FA located in Italy. The data used for model training are time series data sets of several different maneuvers taken experimentally during the start-up procedure and refer to cold, warm and hot start-up. The trained NARX models are used to predict other experimental data sets and comparisons are made among the outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of setting up robust and reliable NARX models, by means of a sound selection of training data sets and a sensitivity analysis on the number of neurons. Moreover, a new performance function for the training process is defined to weigh more the most rapid transients. The final aim of this paper is the set-up of a powerful, easy-to-build and very accurate simulation tool which can be used for both control logic tuning and gas turbine diagnostics, characterized by good generalization capability.

Rapid start-up of one-stage deammonification MBBR without addition of external inoculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kanders ◽  
Daniel Ling ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the anammox process has emerged as a useful method for robust and efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper evaluates a one-stage deammonification (nitritation and anammox) start-up using carrier material without using anammox inoculum. A continuous laboratory-scale process was followed by full-scale operation with reject water from the digesters at Bekkelaget WWTP in Oslo, Norway. A third laboratory reactor was run in operational mode to verify the suitability of reject water from thermophilic digestion for the deammonification process. The two start-ups presented were run with indigenous bacterial populations, intermittent aeration and dilution, to favour growth of the anammox bacterial branches. Evaluation was done by chemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. The results demonstrate that anammox culture can be set up in a one-stage process only using indigenous anammox bacteria and that a full-scale start-up process can be completed in less than 120 days.

scholarly journals Silage of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste to improve methane production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Castellón-Zelaya ◽  
Simón González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Metabolites Production

Abstract The silage of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a common practice in biogas plants. During silage, fermentation processes take place, affecting the later methanisation stage. There are no studies about how OFMSW silage affects methane production. This work aimed to determine the effects of silage (anaerobic acid fermentation) at different solids concentrations and temperatures on methane production. OFMSW was ensiled at 20, 35, and 55 °C with total solids (TS) concentrations of 10, 20, and 28% for 15 days. The ensiled OFMSW was then tested for methane production at the substrate to inoculum ratios (S/I) of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Independently of the temperature, the production of the metabolites during silage increases with decreasing solids concentration. The highest metabolites production were lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid, representing together 95% of the total. Methane production from ensiled OFMSW at 10% solids concentration shows, under every tested condition, better methane production than from fresh OFMSW. Ensiled OFMSW produces more methane than fresh OFMSW, and methane production was highest at 35 °C.

scholarly journals Consolidating the interactive analysis and Grid infrastructure at DESY

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Christoph Beyer ◽  
Thomas Finnern ◽  
Martin Flemming ◽  
Andreas Gellrich ◽  
Thomas Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Start Up ◽  
High Responsiveness ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Set Up ◽  
National Analysis

Within WLCG, the DESY site in Hamburg is one of the largest Tier-2 sites with about 18500 CPU cores for Grid workloads. Additionally, about 8000 CPU cores are available for interactive user analyses in the National Analysis Factory [NAF]. After migrating these two batch systems onto a common HTCondor based set-up during the previous four years, we recapitulate the lessons learned during the transition especially since both use cases differ in their workloads. For Grid jobs start-up latencies are negligible and the primary focus is on an optimal utilization of the resources. Complementary, users of the NAF expect a high responsiveness of the batch system as well as the storage for interactive analyses. In this document, we will also give an outlook to future developments and concepts for the DESY high-throughput computing. In the ongoing evolution of the HTC batch system, we are exploring how to integrate anonymous jobs with the batch system as back-end for Function-as-a-Service workflows as well as an option for dynamic expansions to remote computing resources.

FinTech

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Vibha Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Businesses have been forerunners in providing innovative techniques and technology to the market. These emerging processes, techniques, and technologies have disrupted the existing ones and met the requirements of the existing customers. Today's banking and financial sector is facing an unprecedented change wherein various new players are entering the market and disrupting the traditional modes of operation. These players are a part of the latest disruption in the banking and financial sector, which is popularly known as Fin Tech (which is an amalgamation of finance and technology). They are providing alternative solutions and business models that are overhauling the manner in which this sector and its customers function. This disruption not only opens doors for completely different business opportunities but also poses challenges to the existing set up of business. The chapter aims to study the emerging trends associated emerging opportunities and challenges of FinTech in the banking and financial sector globally.

scholarly journals The use of co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for biogas plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Elio Dinuccio ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Dalibor Cuk ◽  
Luca Rollè ◽  
Paolo Balsari
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Mechanical Separation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sorghum Silage

A comparative study was set up in order to assess the technical feasibility of the long-term reuse of the mechanically separated co-digested solid fraction as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion plants (ADP). The biogas yields of two feedstock mixtures (A and B) were assessed in mesophilic conditions (40°C±2°C) using 6 lab-scale continuous stirredtank reactors. Feedstock mixture A (control) consisted of pig slurry (70%), farmyard manure (4%), sorghum silage (12%) and maize silage (14%). Feedstock mixture B was the same as the control plus the solid fraction derived from the mechanical separation of the output raw codigestate collected from the reactors. All reactors were fed simultaneously, three times a week, over a period of nine month. According to the study results, the reuse of the co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for ADP could increase the methane yield by approximately 4%. However, ADP efficiency evaluation (<em>e.g.</em>, daily yield of methane per m<sup>3</sup> of digester) suggests limiting this practice to a maximum time period of 120 days.

The 60-Minute MVP

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Doan Winkel ◽  
Justin Wilcox ◽  
Atul Teckchandani
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Critical Aspects

The 60-minute minimum viable product (MVP) exercise teaches critical aspects of the entrepreneurial mind-set and lean start-up methodology, namely, the iterative process of hypothesis testing through the creation of MVPs. In 60 minutes, with no prior technical expertise, students will work in teams to design a landing page, create a teaser video, and set up a way to gather information from prospective customers. The resulting low-fidelity MVP can subsequently be shared with prospective customers to gauge interest and be used as a starting point for the hypothesis testing process used in the lean start-up methodology. This is an immersive exercise that activates students, builds confidence, and teaches important entrepreneurial principles.

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