Automated determination of the optimal end pointof the 1st carbonatation

2011 ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Hein ◽  
Hans Bauer ◽  
Florian Emerstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
End Point ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
Turbidity Measurement ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Automated Determination

Based on laboratory trials on the optimal flocculating point, in which the variation of this command variable of the juice purification was demonstrated, a prototype for the automated determination was constructed. A measurement system, which is operated in the bypass of the industrial production, is used for an automatic stepwise carbonatation of main liming juice. Starting at pH = 11.2 carbonatation gas is injected to bring down the pH to 10.4 in 0.1 or 0.2 pH units per step. After every pH step, the sedimentation behavior of the juice is characterized by means of a turbidity measurement after a clarification time of 3.5 min. With the function of turbidity versus pH value the optimal end point of the1st carbonatation can be determined. All in all an analysis takes approximately 60 min. Afterwards, an automated cleaning step takes place. For the prototype, the control of every step as well as the interpretation of the results is carried out with a personal computer. Based on the good experiences a so-called industrial version of this measurement system was constructed.

Automatic determination of optimal endpoint of 1st carbonatation – factory trials

2017 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Aliye Ylmaz ◽  
Mürsel Yurtseven
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Turbidity Measurement ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Automated Determination

The objective of this paper is to determine the applicability of automatic control of the optimal point in 1st carbonatation of juice purification in a beet sugar factory. To realize the automated determination, a pilot carbonatation tank was constructed and installed in the bypass of the industrial production. Automatic stepwise carbonatation was applied to the circulation juice of the 1st carbonatation. pH value measurement started at a pH value of the circulation juice of approximately 12, and carbonatation gas was injected until the pH reached 10.7 in 0.1–0.2 pH units per step by means of an automatic control system. After every pH step, juice was left to settle for 4min. At the end of this clarification time, turbidity measurement was done. In total carbonatation, sedimentation and turbidity measurement take approximately 45–50min. When the period was completed, the tank was discharged and automatically washed out by extraction feed water. Data obtained at the end of the period were recorded and displayed on a personal computer. The computer software prepared for this system compares all the turbidity values, chooses the lowest one and designates the corresponding pH value at that turbidity as the optimal pH.

The quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated diffraction contrast images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Made In

For many years the concept of quantitative diffraction contrast experiments might have consisted of the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors using a g.b = 0 criterion from several different 2-beam images. Since the advent of the personal computer revolution, the available computing power for performing image-processing and image-simulation calculations is enormous and ubiquitous. Several programs now exist to perform simulations of diffraction contrast images using various approximations. The most common approximations are the use of only 2-beams or a single systematic row to calculate the image contrast, or calculating the image using a column approximation. The increasing amount of literature showing comparisons of experimental and simulated images shows that it is possible to obtain very close agreement between the two images; although the choice of parameters used, and the assumptions made, in performing the calculation must be properly dealt with. The simulation of the images of defects in materials has, in many cases, therefore become a tractable problem.

An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Ammonia in Tobacco

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Collins ◽  
W.W. Lawrence ◽  
J.F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

AbstractA procedure for the automated determination of ammonia in tobacco has been developed. Ammonia is extracted from the ground tobacco sample with water and is determined with a Technicon Auto Analyser system which employs separation of the ammonia through volatilization followed by colourimetry using the phenate-hypochlorite reaction. The procedure has been applied to a variety of tobaccos containing from 0.02 to 0.5 % ammonia with an overall relative standard deviation of 2 %. The accuracy of the procedure as judged by recovery tests and by comparison to a manual distillation method is considered adequate

Determination of cores electrification during the flow in the modified Wurster apparatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ludwig ◽  
Tadeusz Mączka
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials

The purpose of this paper was presentation of the value of cores electrification during their flow in the modified Wurster apparatus, applied for dry encapsulation of pharmaceutical materials. Previous works of the authors dealt with vulnerability of the particles of different diameter, produced by SYNTAPHARM (Cellets 1000, 700 and 100) on electrification in laboratory conditions. The presented work gives the results of examination on particles electrification in real conditions of their stable circulation in a column. The measurement system, that was applied, allowed determination of electrification potential and electrification current. Those quantities, which are the measures of charge accumulation on cores were determined for several particles (Cellets 1000, 700 and 500) with the different humidity, for different mass of the bed and spouting gas velocities.

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