Factors Affecting Internet Transactions: Case of Services Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Internet use has been evolving rapidly with the onset of digital technologies. Among the various public, private and welfare industries, transportation and accommodation are the leading services sectors that shift their transaction methods through online platforms. This paper examines the various factors affecting internet transactions particularly on transportation and accommodation services across selected countries using fixed-effects regression model. The researchers used data for thirty countries in 2011 to 2017. Findings indicate that internet penetration rate, credit card transactions, GDP per capita, percentage of internet users in the population, trade openness, and secured internet servers significantly affect internet transactions on services.

Financial misconduct in Indian banks: what matters and what doesn’t?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Bank Behavior ◽  
Financial Misconduct ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Public Banks ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Purpose While several facets of financial misconduct have been explored, one aspect which has largely bypassed the attention of researchers is the factors affecting such misconduct behavior in banks. To investigate this in detail, this paper aims to use disaggregated data on Indian banks for an extended period to understand the factors driving such behavior. Design/methodology/approach Given the longitudinal nature of the data, the author uses fixed effects regression methodology which enables us to control for unobserved characteristics that might affect the dependent variable. Findings The analysis indicates that both bank- and board-specific factors are important in driving financial misconduct, although their importance differs across ownership. In particular, while size and capital are relevant for public banks, liquidity is more of a concern for private banks as compared with their public counterparts. In addition, the relevance of bank boards is important only in case of private banks. These results hold after controlling for the structure of the banking industry and the macroeconomic environment. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies for India to carefully examine the interface between financial misconduct and bank behavior in a systematic manner.

Funding for start-ups in India: what shakes it?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Salutary Effect ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose Using a novel monthly data set, this study aims to examine the factors affecting the funding of Indian start-ups. Design/methodology/approach Given the panel structure of the data, the fixed effects regression technique has been used. Findings The findings reveal that years of operation is a key factor. Amongst others, angel investors and equity financing are the key drivers of startup financing. Government policy does not appear to have gained adequate traction, although the improvement in the business reform action by state governments has begun to exert a salutary effect. Practical implications From a policy standpoint, the study provides insights into what policies and practices can be exploited to streamline the funding bottlenecks affecting startups in the Indian context. Originality/value Notwithstanding being a country with a significant presence in the startup space, there are admittedly limited studies, which examine this issue for India. Viewed from this standpoint to the best of the knowledge, the analysis is one of the early studies to shed light on the factors driving the funding of startups in the Indian context.

scholarly journals Impact of federal transfers upon US infant mortality rates: a secondary analysis using a fixed effects regression approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e021533
Author(s):  
Michael McLaughlin ◽  
Mark R Rank
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
State Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Postneonatal Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIn order to improve health outcomes, the federal government allocates hundreds of billions of annual dollars to individual states in order to further the well-being of its citizens. This study examines the impact of such federal intergovernmental transfers on reducing state-level infant mortality rates.SettingAnnual data are collected from all 50 US states between 2004 and 2013.ParticipantsEntire US population under the age of 1 year between 2004 and 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measuresState-level infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate and postneonatal mortality rate.ResultsUsing a fixed effects regression model to control for unmeasurable differences between states, the impact of federal transfers on state-level infant mortality rates is estimated. After controlling for differences across states, increases in per capita federal transfers are significantly associated with lower infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates. Holding all other variables constant, a $200 increase in the amount of federal transfers per capita would save one child’s life for every 10 000 live births.ConclusionsConsiderable debate exists regarding the role of federal transfers in improving the well-being of children and families. These findings indicate that increases in federal transfers are strongly associated with reductions in infant mortality rates. Such benefits should be carefully considered when state officials are deciding whether to accept or reject federal funds.

scholarly journals Do Carbon Prices Limit Economic Growth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802311989832
Author(s):  
Daniel Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Carbon Prices

The most common counterargument to taxing carbon emissions is that the policy has a negative impact on economic growth. The author tests the validity of this argument by visualizing the enactment of carbon prices on gross domestic product per capita from 1979 to 2018 and presenting a formal fixed-effects regression analysis of panel data. No connection is found between carbon price implementation and diminished economic growth. This outcome is primarily due to policy design and the general nature of economic growth. The author concludes that this counterargument to enacting carbon prices exists only because of misunderstandings of economic growth and ideology.

scholarly journals Infrastructure Operation Efficiency and Influential Factors in Developing Countries: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei ◽  
Haicheng Xu ◽  
Beiqi Zhang ◽  
Jianlong Li
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Physical Output

The development of sustainable infrastructure has been identified as one of the seventeen sustainable development goals by the United Nations. Keeping the operation of infrastructure sustainable in terms of economy becomes a major challenge in developing countries. The objective of this research is to evaluate the operation efficiency of the expressway and explore the key influential factors. This research took expressway mileage as the physical output and evaluated the operation efficiency of the expressway companies based on the super-efficiency Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model; additionally, we analyzed the influential factors on the basis of the fixed-effects regression model. The results showed the following: (1) The average value of operation efficiency of China’s expressway companies from 2007 to 2017 was 0.904. In general, the operation of expressways was efficient. However, the differences in operation efficiency among the eleven expressway companies were significant, and some companies were seriously inefficient. (2) The asset–liability ratio, the scale, and the structure of property rights in the companies were shown to be the main factors affecting the operation efficiency. These results indicate that the development of innovative financing modes and optimization of the scale of each company are the key directions for infrastructure reform, which could eventually narrow the differences in operation efficiency and allow the development of sustainable infrastructure.

scholarly journals To Share or Not to Share? How Emotional Judgments Drive Online Political Expression in High-Risk Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 009365022095057
Author(s):  
Aysenur Dal ◽  
Erik C. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Previous Scholarship

Previous scholarship on networked authoritarianism has examined an array of repressive legal and political strategies employed by regimes to constrain online political expression. How the tension between citizens’ desires to engage in online political expression and the possible dire consequences of doing so is resolved, however, is understudied. We address this lacuna by drawing upon concepts from risk and decision-making research and examining how the emotional and cognitive components of risk and decision-making shape citizens’ online political expression. Employing a three-wave panel survey of Turkish internet users collected over 8 months, our fixed-effects regression analyzes show that anticipatory emotions drive expressive behavior, but that risk assessment does not. Furthermore, the influence of negative emotions on online expression is moderated by individuals’ degree of regime opposition. We discuss the importance of understanding the psychological mechanisms by which networked authoritarian contexts influences citizens’ decisions to engage in contentious online speech.

scholarly journals INTELLIGENT MODE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE BASED ON DATA MINING TECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Z. L. WU ◽  
D. WANG ◽  
Y. T. SU ◽  
H. M. LI
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Intelligent Logistics ◽  
The Cost

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the penetration rate of Internet in China has exceeded 50 %, and more and more Internet users have chosen to shop online. Based on the analysis of the current situation of e-commerce development, this paper analyzes the influencing factors affecting the reliability of e-commerce logistics from the aspects of information technology, facilities and equipment, personnel operation and external environment. Additionally, it constructs the E-commerce intelligent logistics reliability distribution model and simulates the example. The research results show that, when the maximum and minimum reliability and complexity are not considered, the priority of improving the important high unit has a great impact on the reliability of the whole system. An increase in unit reliability can lead to an increase in system reliability and an increase in cost. When the reliability is increased to a certain extent, the continued increase will greatly increase the cost, and the cost of increasing the system unit reliability is greatly increased.

scholarly journals Using Panel Data Analysis to Uncover Drivers of E-Participation Progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-235
Author(s):  
Princely Ifinedo ◽  
Amar Anwar ◽  
Danny Cho
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

This paper examines and uncovers the key drivers of e-participation progress or growth over the years, globally and regionally. The authors used fixed-effects regression model on a panel data of variables gathered by reputable world organizations for an 8-year period – one of the largest examined to date. They tested a research model including GDP per capita, ICT infrastructure, secondary education enrolment, technological knowledge creation and outputs, and six governance indicators: voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. At the global level, the results indicate that e-participation progress is positively influenced by voice and accountability, GDP per capita, and ICT infrastructure. Analyses based upon six geographical regions of the world and countries' income-level classifications (i.e., low, low-middle, high-middle, high) show that determinants of e-participation progress vary by geographical and income-level contexts.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Renewable Energy Consumption in Selected European Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Jan Polcyn ◽  
Yana Us ◽  
Oleksii Lyulyov ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Aleksy Kwilinski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

The overcoming of the issues on energy crisis and inequality have become the priorities as far developing as developed countries are concerned. Moreover, energy inequality has increased due to the shortage of natural gas and rising energy prices in retaliation to the economic recovery affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to verify the linkage between the growth of renewable energy consumption and the country’s economic advancement. In this context, this paper determines the main driving forces of renewable energy consumption in European countries during 2000–2018. The annual data for panel regression analysis are retrieved from the OECD. Stat and World Bank Open Data. This empirical analysis employed a set of estimation procedures such as the panel unit root test (Levin, Lin & Chu; Im, Pesaran, Shin W-Stat; ADF-Fisher Chi-square; and PP-Fisher Chi-square methods), the Pearson correlation, fixed- and random-effects models, generalized method of moments (GMM), Hausman and the robustness tests. The results from the Hausman test ratified that the fixed-effects regression model is more suitable for involved panel balanced data. The results of fixed-effects regression and GMM identified the statistically significant and positive relationship between the share of renewable energy consumption of total final energy consumption, GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions per capita for the overall sample. In turn, the total labor force, the gross capital formation, and production-based CO2 intensity are inversely related to renewable energy consumption. The identified effects could provide some insights for policymakers to improve the renewable energy sector towards gaining sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Does Trade Openness Matter for Economic Growth in the CEE Countries?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Njindan Iyke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Closed Economies ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis paper sets out to answer the question: Is trade openness important for economic growth in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries? The policyoriented measures of trade openness used in earlier studies have been argued to be subjective, while the simple outcome-oriented measures only capture one aspect of trade openness, namely: countries’ share of trade. Hence, following Squalli and Wilson (2011), the paper constructs a new outcome-oriented measure of trade openness which captures a country’s share of trade, and its interaction and interconnectedness with the rest of the world. Using fixed-effects regressions for 17 CEE countries over the period 1994 - 2014, the paper finds trade openness to be important for growth within the CEE countries. In particular, the results show that increases in trade openness is associated with increases in real GDP per capita growth within these countries. The results appear significantly the same after we dropped Croatia and Estonia - two historically closed economies.

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